100+ Assistant System Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

View is a virtual table while constraint is a rule to limit data in a table.

• View is created by a SELECT statement and does not store data

• Constraint is used to limit the type or amount of data that can be inserted into a table

• Examples of constraints are PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, CHECK

• Views can be used to simplify complex queries or to restrict access to sensitive data

The CEO of TCS is Rajesh Gopinathan.

• Rajesh Gopinathan became the CEO of TCS in 2017.

• He has been with TCS for over 20 years, starting as an engineer.

• Under his leadership, TCS has continued to grow and expand globally.

• Gopinathan has also emphasized the importance of digital transformation and innovation.

• He holds a degree in electrical and electronics engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli.

a++ and ++a are both increment operators in programming languages like C++ and Java.

• a++ is a post-increment operator which increments the value of a after the expression is evaluated.

• ++a is a pre-increment operator which increments the value of a before the expression is evaluated.

• Both operators can be used with variables of numeric data types like int, float, etc.

• Example: int a = 5; int b = a++; // b = 5, a = 6; int c = ++a; // c = 7, a = 7;

Drawbacks of iPhone 6 include battery life, storage capacity, and lack of headphone jack. I use an iPhone 11.

• Battery life is relatively short compared to newer models

• Storage capacity is limited and non-expandable

• Lack of headphone jack requires the use of adapters or wireless headphones

• iPhone 11 has longer battery life, larger storage capacity, and improved camera features

Theta notation is a way to describe the upper bound of an algorithm's time complexity.

• Theta notation is represented by Θ

• It describes the tightest possible bound on an algorithm's time complexity

• It takes into account both the best and worst case scenarios

• For example, an algorithm with Θ(n) time complexity will have a linear runtime

• An algorithm with Θ(n^2) time complexity will have a quadratic runtime

Logic for palindrome, Armstrong number, Fibonacci sequence, etc.

• Palindrome: Reverse the given number/string and check if it's equal to the original

• Armstrong number: Sum of cubes of individual digits should be equal to the number itself

• Fibonacci sequence: Add the previous two numbers to get the next number in the sequence

• Prime number: A number that is divisible only by 1 and itself

• Factorial: Multiply all the numbers from 1 to the given number

• GCD: Find the greatest common divis...read more

A stack is a data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

• Elements are added to the top of the stack and removed from the top.

• Common operations include push (add element to top) and pop (remove element from top).

• Stacks are used in programming for function calls, expression evaluation, and memory management.

• Example: The back button in a web browser uses a stack to keep track of visited pages.

• Example: Undo/Redo functionality in a text editor can be impleme...read more

Designed a smart irrigation system using IoT technology.

• The system uses sensors to detect soil moisture levels and weather conditions.

• Data is transmitted to a microcontroller which controls the irrigation system.

• The system is designed to conserve water and reduce manual labor.

• The design was justified by its potential to save water and increase crop yield.

TCS is a multinational IT services company headquartered in India.

• TCS stands for Tata Consultancy Services.

• It was founded in 1968 by J.R.D. Tata.

• It is one of the largest IT services companies in the world.

• TCS offers services in areas such as consulting, digital transformation, and engineering.

• It has a presence in over 46 countries.

• Some of its clients include major companies like Microsoft, Citigroup, and General Electric.

Delete, truncate and drop are SQL commands used to remove data from a database.

• DELETE command removes specific rows from a table

• TRUNCATE command removes all rows from a table

• DROP command removes an entire table from the database

• DELETE and TRUNCATE can be rolled back, but DROP cannot

• DELETE and TRUNCATE can have WHERE clause to specify which rows to remove

Database commands are used to manipulate and retrieve data from a database.

• SELECT: retrieves data from a database

• INSERT: adds new data to a database

• UPDATE: modifies existing data in a database

• DELETE: removes data from a database

• CREATE: creates a new database or table

• DROP: deletes a database or table

• ALTER: modifies the structure of a database or table

Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems.

• Computer science involves the theory, design, development, and application of computer systems.

• It encompasses various areas such as algorithms, programming languages, data structures, artificial intelligence, and computer networks.

• Computer scientists solve complex problems and create innovative solutions using computational techniques.

• Examples of computer science applications include software development, da...read more

A dangling pointer is a pointer that points to a memory location that has been deallocated or freed.

• Dangling pointers occur when a pointer is not set to NULL after the memory it points to is freed.

• Accessing a dangling pointer can lead to undefined behavior or crashes.

• Dangling pointers can be avoided by setting pointers to NULL after freeing the memory they point to.

Java is a programming language used for general-purpose programming, while JavaScript is a scripting language primarily used for web development.

• Java is a statically typed language, while JavaScript is dynamically typed.

• Java is compiled and runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), while JavaScript is interpreted and runs in the browser.

• Java is used for backend development, desktop applications, and Android apps, while JavaScript is used for front-end web development.

Abstract class is a class with implementation while interface is a contract without implementation. To check MySQL version, use SELECT VERSION();

• Abstract class can have constructors while interface cannot

• Abstract class can have non-abstract methods while interface cannot

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class

• To check MySQL version, use SELECT VERSION(); in MySQL command line or any MySQL client

C is a high-level programming language known for its efficiency and portability.

• C is a compiled language

• It has a rich set of operators and data types

• It supports both procedural and object-oriented programming

• C is widely used in system programming, embedded systems, and game development

• Examples of C-based software include the Linux kernel, MySQL, and Adobe Photoshop

In programming, pass and break are keywords used for control flow.

• pass is a keyword used to indicate that no action should be taken in a certain block of code.

• break is a keyword used to exit a loop or switch statement.

• pass is commonly used as a placeholder when a statement is required syntactically but no action is needed.

• break is used to terminate the execution of a loop or switch statement and continue with the next statement outside the loop or switch.

JVM is a virtual machine that executes Java bytecode. JRE is a runtime environment that includes JVM and libraries. JDK is a development kit that includes JRE and tools for developing Java applications.

• JVM stands for Java Virtual Machine and is responsible for executing Java bytecode.

• JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment and includes JVM and libraries required to run Java applications.

• JDK stands for Java Development Kit and includes JRE along with tools for developing Java ...read more

The latest technology is artificial intelligence (AI).

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that enables machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

• AI technologies include machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics.

• Examples of AI applications include virtual assistants (e.g., Siri, Alexa), autonomous vehicles, facial recognition systems, and recommendation algorithms.

• AI is being used in various ...read more

Memory leak is a condition where a program fails to release memory it no longer needs, leading to memory consumption and performance issues.

• Memory leak occurs when dynamically allocated memory is not deallocated properly.

• It can happen when a program loses the reference to allocated memory without freeing it.

• Memory leaks can gradually consume all available memory, causing the program or system to crash.

• Common causes include forgetting to free memory, incorrect use of pointers,...read more

OOPS concepts are the principles of Object-Oriented Programming that help in designing and implementing software systems.

• Abstraction

• Encapsulation

• Inheritance

• Polymorphism

• Classes and Objects

• Methods and Properties

• Interfaces

• Overloading and Overriding

Variables in C are containers that hold data values and can be manipulated throughout the program.

• Variables must be declared before use

• They can hold different types of data such as integers, floats, and characters

• Their values can be changed throughout the program

• They can be used in mathematical operations

• Examples: int age = 25; float price = 10.99; char letter = 'a';

Stack and queue are data structures used to store and retrieve data in a specific order.

• Stack is a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) data structure where the last element added is the first one to be removed.

• Queue is a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structure where the first element added is the first one to be removed.

• Stacks are used in undo-redo functionality, recursive function calls, and browser history.

• Queues are used in scheduling tasks, printing documents, and handling requests...read more

SQL commands are used to interact with databases to perform tasks such as querying, updating, and deleting data.

• SQL commands are used to interact with databases

• Common SQL commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

• Examples: SELECT * FROM table_name, INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (value1, value2), UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1 WHERE condition

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet.

• Cloud computing allows users to access and use computing resources on-demand, such as storage, processing power, and software applications.

• It eliminates the need for users to own and manage physical infrastructure, as the resources are provided by a third-party service provider.

• Examples of cloud computing services include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.

A tree is a data structure consisting of nodes connected by edges. Traversal techniques include in-order, pre-order, post-order, and level-order.

• A tree is a hierarchical data structure with a root node and child nodes.

• Traversal techniques include in-order (left subtree, root, right subtree), pre-order (root, left subtree, right subtree), post-order (left subtree, right subtree, root), and level-order (level by level).

• Examples of trees include binary trees, binary search trees...read more

The iPhone 7 was released on September 16, 2016.

• The iPhone 7 was released on September 16, 2016.

• It was the successor to the iPhone 6s and 6s Plus.

• The iPhone 7 introduced several new features, including a water-resistant design and the removal of the headphone jack.

Oops concepts are the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming in Java.

• Encapsulation: wrapping data and methods into a single unit

• Inheritance: creating new classes from existing ones

• Polymorphism: using a single method to perform different tasks

• Abstraction: hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information

I am familiar with various latest technologies in the field of computer science.

• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

• Cloud Computing and Virtualization

• Blockchain Technology

• Internet of Things (IoT)

• Big Data Analytics

• Cybersecurity and Ethical Hacking

Data types in C++ programming

• C++ has built-in data types like int, float, double, char, bool, etc.

• User-defined data types can also be created using classes and structures.

• Data types determine the size and type of data that can be stored in a variable.

• Data types also affect the memory allocation and performance of the program.

A stored procedure is a precompiled set of SQL statements that can be executed on a database server.

• Stored procedures are used to encapsulate and execute a series of SQL statements.

• They can be used to improve performance by reducing network traffic.

• Stored procedures can accept input parameters and return output parameters or result sets.

• They can be used for complex data manipulation, business logic implementation, and security enforcement.

• Examples of stored procedures include...read more

Yes

• AngularJS - a JavaScript framework for building web applications

• React - a JavaScript library for building user interfaces

• Django - a high-level Python web framework

• Spring - a Java framework for building enterprise-level applications

C is a procedural language while Java is an object-oriented language.

• C is compiled while Java is interpreted

• C has pointers while Java does not

• Java has automatic garbage collection while C does not

• Java has platform independence while C does not

• Java has built-in exception handling while C does not

Type casting is the process of converting a variable from one data type to another.

• It is also known as type conversion.

• It can be done implicitly or explicitly.

• Explicit type casting is done using casting operators.

• Examples of casting operators include (int), (float), and (char).

• Type casting can lead to loss of data if the target data type cannot hold the original value.

A static variable is a variable that is shared by all instances of a class and retains its value even after the function ends.

• Static variables are declared using the 'static' keyword.

• They are initialized only once, at the start of the program execution.

• Static variables are stored in the data segment of memory.

• They can be accessed directly using the class name without creating an object.

• Changes made to a static variable in one instance of a class will be reflected in all other...read more

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a character encoding standard used to represent text in computers.

• ASCII is a 7-bit character set that includes 128 characters.

• Each character is represented by a unique numeric code.

• ASCII codes are used to represent characters in computer systems and communication protocols.

• Common ASCII codes include 65 for 'A', 97 for 'a', and 48 for '0'.

Data structures in C++ are used to organize and store data efficiently.

• C++ provides various built-in data structures like arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs.

• Data structures help in performing operations like searching, sorting, and inserting data efficiently.

• Choosing the right data structure is important for optimizing the performance of a program.

• C++ also allows creating custom data structures using classes and templates.

Dynamic memory allocation in C++ allows for the allocation and deallocation of memory during program execution.

• Dynamic memory allocation is done using the 'new' keyword in C++.

• It allows for the creation of arrays or individual objects on the heap.

• Memory allocated dynamically must be explicitly deallocated using the 'delete' keyword.

• Dynamic memory allocation is useful when the size of data is not known at compile-time.

• It can help optimize memory usage and improve program flexi...read more

If loop is used for conditional execution while while loop is used for repetitive execution.

• If loop executes the code block only if the condition is true.

• While loop executes the code block repeatedly as long as the condition is true.

• If loop is used for decision-making while while loop is used for iteration.

• Example of if loop: if (x > 5) { // do something }

• Example of while loop: while (x < 10) { // do something }

Strings are arrays of characters used to represent text in programming languages.

• Strings are a data type in programming languages.

• They are typically enclosed in quotation marks.

• Strings can contain letters, numbers, symbols, and spaces.

• They can be concatenated or manipulated using various string operations.

• Examples: 'Hello, World!', '12345', 'This is a string.'

A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.

• Pointers are used to manipulate data directly in memory.

• They are commonly used in C and C++ programming languages.

• Pointers can be used to pass values by reference, allowing functions to modify the original data.

• Null pointers are used to indicate that a pointer does not point to a valid memory address.

Normalization is a process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and dependency.

• First Normal Form (1NF)

• Second Normal Form (2NF)

• Third Normal Form (3NF)

• Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)

• Fourth Normal Form (4NF)

• Fifth Normal Form (5NF) or Project-Join Normal Form (PJNF)

• Domain-Key Normal Form (DKNF)

Recursion is a programming technique where a function calls itself in order to solve a problem.

• Recursion involves breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems and calling the function recursively on those subproblems.

• A base case is needed to stop the recursion and prevent infinite loops.

• Examples of recursive functions include factorial calculation, Fibonacci sequence generation, and tree traversal.

Cloud refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet. There are three types of cloud: public, private, and hybrid.

• Cloud computing allows users to access data and applications from anywhere with an internet connection

• Public cloud services are provided by third-party companies like Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure

• Private cloud services are operated solely for a single organization

• Hybrid cloud combines public and private cloud services to create a customiz...read more

To retrieve a file, locate the file in the file system and open it.

• Open the file explorer or file manager

• Navigate to the folder where the file is located

• Locate the file and double-click on it to open it

• If the file is not visible, use the search function to locate it

• If the file was recently worked on, check the recent files list in the application used to create or edit the file

TCS is a global IT services and consulting company with a strong reputation for innovation and client satisfaction.

• TCS has a strong global presence with operations in over 46 countries.

• TCS has a diverse range of clients across industries such as banking, healthcare, and retail.

• TCS has a strong focus on innovation and invests heavily in research and development.

• TCS has a strong reputation for client satisfaction and has won numerous awards for its services.

• TCS offers a wide ra...read more

Access specifiers define the visibility and accessibility of class members in object-oriented programming.

• Access specifiers are keywords used in object-oriented programming languages like Java and C++.

• They determine the level of access that other classes or objects have to the members of a class.

• There are three access specifiers: public, private, and protected.

• Public members are accessible from anywhere in the program.

• Private members are only accessible within the class itsel...read more

The scope of variables refers to the visibility and accessibility of variables within a program.

• Variables have different scopes depending on where they are declared

• Local variables have a limited scope and are only accessible within the block of code where they are declared

• Global variables have a wider scope and can be accessed from anywhere in the program

• Scope can also be influenced by the use of keywords like 'public', 'private', 'protected' in object-oriented programming

• Var...read more