100+ Assistant System Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Call by value and call by reference are two ways of passing arguments to a function.

• Call by value passes a copy of the argument's value to the function.

• Call by reference passes a reference to the argument's memory location to the function.

• Call by value is used for simple data types like int, float, etc.

• Call by reference is used for complex data types like arrays, structures, etc.

Query to select highest salary from employee table.

• Use SELECT statement to retrieve data from employee table.

• Use MAX function to find the highest salary.

• Combine both using the syntax: SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee;

• Ensure that the column name is correct and matches the table schema.

Scale up and scale down operations refer to increasing or decreasing the resources allocated to a system or application.

• Scale up involves adding more resources to a system to handle increased demand or workload.

• Examples of scale up include adding more RAM, CPU, or storage to a server.

• Scale down involves reducing the resources allocated to a system when demand or workload decreases.

• Examples of scale down include removing unused resources or shutting down servers that are no lo...read more

C is a procedural programming language while C++ is an object-oriented programming language. C++ is an extension of C with additional features.

• C is a procedural programming language, while C++ is an object-oriented programming language.

• C++ supports features like classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and operator overloading which are not present in C.

• C++ is an extension of C, so C code can be easily integrated into C++ programs.

• Java is also an object-oriented programming langua...read more

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java focuses on objects, classes, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

• Classes and Objects: A class is a blueprint for creating objects. Example: class Car { } creates objects like Car myCar = new Car();

• Inheritance: Allows a new class to inherit properties and methods from an existing class. Example: class Dog extends Animal { }.

• Encapsulation: Bundles data (attributes) and methods (functions) into a single unit (class) and restrict...read more

C language has various operators like arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and conditional operators.

• Arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, %

• Relational operators: <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=

• Logical operators: &&, ||, !

• Bitwise operators: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

• Assignment operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=

• Conditional operator: ? :

I know multiple programming languages including Java, Python, and C++.

• Java

• Python

• C++

Local variables are declared within a function and have a limited scope, while global variables are declared outside of a function and can be accessed throughout the program.

• Local variables are only accessible within the function they are declared in.

• Global variables can be accessed from any part of the program.

• Local variables are created when a function is called and destroyed when the function ends.

• Global variables are created when the program starts and destroyed when the ...read more

Method overloading is creating multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding is creating a new implementation of an existing method in a subclass.

• Method overloading is used to provide different ways of calling a method with different parameters.

• Method overriding is used to change the behavior of an existing method in a subclass.

• Method overloading is resolved at compile-time based on the number and type of arguments passed.

• Method overriding is...read more

Loops are used to repeat a set of instructions. If, else and while loops are conditional statements used in programming.

• If statement is used to execute a block of code if a condition is true.

• Else statement is used to execute a block of code if the same condition is false.

• While loop is used to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a condition is true.

• For loop is used to execute a block of code a specific number of times.

Method overriding is a feature in object-oriented programming where a subclass provides a different implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Method overriding is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.

• The method in the subclass must have the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the superclass.

• The @Override annotation can be used to indicate that a method is intended to override a superclass method.

• The overridden method in the subcl...read more

Java is an object-oriented programming language while C++ is a hybrid language with both object-oriented and procedural programming features.

• Java is platform-independent while C++ is platform-dependent.

• Java has automatic garbage collection while C++ requires manual memory management.

• Java has a simpler syntax and is easier to learn than C++.

• C++ allows for low-level memory manipulation and is faster than Java.

• Java is used for developing web applications, mobile applications, an...read more

SQL is a language used to manage relational databases, while MySQL is a specific relational database management system.

• SQL is a language used to manage relational databases, while MySQL is a specific implementation of a relational database management system.

• SQL is a standard language used across different database management systems, while MySQL is a specific product developed by Oracle Corporation.

• MySQL is an open-source database management system that uses SQL as its langua...read more

Byte code is a compiled code that is generated by the Java compiler and can be executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• Byte code is an intermediate representation of Java source code.

• It is platform-independent and can be executed on any device with a JVM.

• Byte code is stored in .class files.

• Examples of byte code instructions include loading, storing, and arithmetic operations.

Service-based companies provide services to clients while product-based companies sell products to customers.

• Service-based companies focus on providing services to clients, such as consulting, outsourcing, and support services.

• Product-based companies focus on selling products to customers, such as software, hardware, and consumer goods.

• Service-based companies typically have a more flexible business model and may have a wider range of clients, while product-based companies may...read more

Answering a query to delete a row and converting if loop to while loop.

• To delete a row, use the DELETE statement with the WHERE clause to specify the row to be deleted.

• Syntax: DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

• To convert an if loop to while loop, replace the if statement with a while loop and add a condition to exit the loop.

• Example: if (condition) { // code } can be converted to while (condition) { // code }

Exception handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors and prevent program crashes.

• Exceptions are objects that represent errors or exceptional situations in a program.

• When an exception occurs, the program stops executing and jumps to the nearest exception handler.

• Exception handling involves catching and handling exceptions to prevent program crashes.

• Try-catch blocks are used to catch and handle exceptions.

• Example: try { //code that may throw an exception } catch (Exceptio...read more

Find distinct elements in a given array of size n<=20.

• Iterate through the array and add each element to a set.

• Return the size of the set as the number of distinct elements.

• Example: [1, 2, 3, 2, 1] -> {1, 2, 3} -> 3 distinct elements.

List and tuple are data structures in Python used to store collections of items.

• Lists are mutable and can be modified, while tuples are immutable and cannot be modified.

• Lists are defined using square brackets [], while tuples are defined using parentheses ().

• Lists are commonly used for storing and manipulating data, while tuples are used for grouping related data.

• Example of a list: my_list = [1, 2, 3]

• Example of a tuple: my_tuple = (4, 5, 6)

View is a virtual table while constraint is a rule to limit data in a table.

• View is created by a SELECT statement and does not store data

• Constraint is used to limit the type or amount of data that can be inserted into a table

• Examples of constraints are PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, CHECK

• Views can be used to simplify complex queries or to restrict access to sensitive data

The CEO of TCS is Rajesh Gopinathan.

• Rajesh Gopinathan became the CEO of TCS in 2017.

• He has been with TCS for over 20 years, starting as an engineer.

• Under his leadership, TCS has continued to grow and expand globally.

• Gopinathan has also emphasized the importance of digital transformation and innovation.

• He holds a degree in electrical and electronics engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli.

a++ and ++a are both increment operators in programming languages like C++ and Java.

• a++ is a post-increment operator which increments the value of a after the expression is evaluated.

• ++a is a pre-increment operator which increments the value of a before the expression is evaluated.

• Both operators can be used with variables of numeric data types like int, float, etc.

• Example: int a = 5; int b = a++; // b = 5, a = 6; int c = ++a; // c = 7, a = 7;

Drawbacks of iPhone 6 include battery life, storage capacity, and lack of headphone jack. I use an iPhone 11.

• Battery life is relatively short compared to newer models

• Storage capacity is limited and non-expandable

• Lack of headphone jack requires the use of adapters or wireless headphones

• iPhone 11 has longer battery life, larger storage capacity, and improved camera features

Theta notation is a way to describe the upper bound of an algorithm's time complexity.

• Theta notation is represented by Θ

• It describes the tightest possible bound on an algorithm's time complexity

• It takes into account both the best and worst case scenarios

• For example, an algorithm with Θ(n) time complexity will have a linear runtime

• An algorithm with Θ(n^2) time complexity will have a quadratic runtime

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPS is based on four basic principles: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the s...read more

Static polymorphism is resolved at compile-time while dynamic polymorphism is resolved at runtime.

• Static polymorphism is achieved through function overloading and operator overloading.

• Dynamic polymorphism is achieved through virtual functions and function overriding.

• Static polymorphism is faster as it is resolved at compile-time.

• Dynamic polymorphism is more flexible as it allows for runtime binding of functions.

• Example of static polymorphism: function overloading - multiple f...read more

Logic for palindrome, Armstrong number, Fibonacci sequence, etc.

• Palindrome: Reverse the given number/string and check if it's equal to the original

• Armstrong number: Sum of cubes of individual digits should be equal to the number itself

• Fibonacci sequence: Add the previous two numbers to get the next number in the sequence

• Prime number: A number that is divisible only by 1 and itself

• Factorial: Multiply all the numbers from 1 to the given number

• GCD: Find the greatest common divis...read more

A stack is a data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

• Elements are added to the top of the stack and removed from the top.

• Common operations include push (add element to top) and pop (remove element from top).

• Stacks are used in programming for function calls, expression evaluation, and memory management.

• Example: The back button in a web browser uses a stack to keep track of visited pages.

• Example: Undo/Redo functionality in a text editor can be impleme...read more