Yatra Electronics Filed Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Questions on aptitude, English, logical reasoning, C/C++ and 5 coding ques. (only pseudo code).

Q1. 
Minimum Jumps Problem Statement
Bob and his wife are in the famous 'Arcade' mall in the city of Berland. This mall has a unique way of moving between shops using trampolines. Each shop is laid out in a st...read more
Ans. 
Find the minimum number of trampoline jumps Bob needs to make to reach the final shop, or return -1 if it's impossible.
• Use Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm to find the minimum number of jumps required.

• Keep track of the visited shops to avoid revisiting them.

• If a shop has an Arr value of 0, it is impossible to reach the final shop.

• Return -1 if the final shop cannot be reached.
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Q2. 
Smallest Window Problem Statement
Given two strings, S and X, your task is to find the smallest substring in S that contains all the characters present in X.
Example:
Input:
S = "abdd", X = "bd"
Outpu...read more
Ans. 
Find the smallest substring in S that contains all characters in X.
• Use a sliding window approach to find the smallest window in S containing all characters of X.

• Maintain a hashmap to keep track of characters in X and their frequencies in the current window.

• Slide the window to the right, updating the hashmap and shrinking the window until all characters in X are present.

• Return the smallest window found.

• Example: S = 'abd
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Q3. 
Rat in a Maze Problem Statement
You need to determine all possible paths for a rat starting at position (0, 0) in a square maze to reach its destination at (N-1, N-1). The maze is represented as an N*N ma...read more
Ans. 
Find all possible paths for a rat in a maze from start to destination.
• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths in the maze.

• Keep track of visited cells to avoid revisiting them.

• Return paths in alphabetical order as a list of strings.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Questions based on OOPS were asked in this round.

Q1. What is a virtual function?
Ans. 
A virtual function is a function in a base class that is declared using the keyword 'virtual' and can be overridden by a function with the same signature in a derived class.
• Virtual functions allow for dynamic polymorphism in C++

• They are used in inheritance to achieve runtime polymorphism

• Virtual functions are declared in a base class and can be overridden in derived classes

• They are called based on the type of object bei...read more
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Q2. What are the types of polymorphism in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
Types of polymorphism in OOP include compile-time (method overloading) and runtime (method overriding) polymorphism.
• Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through method overloading, where multiple methods have the same name but different parameters.

• Runtime polymorphism is achieved through method overriding, where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Polymor...read more
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Q3. What is the difference between deep copy and shallow copy?
Ans. 
Deep copy creates a new object and recursively copies all nested objects, while shallow copy creates a new object and copies only the references to nested objects.
• Deep copy creates a new object and copies all nested objects, while shallow copy creates a new object and copies only the references to nested objects.

• In deep copy, changes made to the original object do not affect the copied object, while in shallow copy, ch...read more
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

HR round with typical behavioral problems.

Round duration - 65 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

There were 2 sections – 
Aptitude and Logical Reasoning and MCQ based on Java question ,C++, coding for 20 min and 45 min respectively.
Section A- Not very difficult to clear this round although less time was a problem.
Section B- It contains 15 multiple choice question on c/c++,java and 4 simple coding questions

Q1. 
Cycle Detection in a Singly Linked List
Determine if a given singly linked list of integers forms a cycle or not.
A cycle in a linked list occurs when a node's next points back to a previous node in the ...read more
Ans. 
Detect if a singly linked list forms a cycle by checking if a node's next pointer points back to a previous node.
• Traverse the linked list using two pointers, one moving at double the speed of the other.

• If the two pointers meet at any point, there is a cycle in the linked list.

• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm for O(N) time complexity and O(1) space complexity.
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Round duration - 75 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

It was an online coding test in which 3 coding question were given.

Q1. 
Smallest Window Problem Statement
Given two strings, S and X, your task is to find the smallest substring in S that contains all the characters present in X.
Example:
Input:
S = "abdd", X = "bd"
Outpu...read more
Ans. 
Find the smallest substring in string S that contains all characters in string X.
• Iterate through string S and keep track of characters in X found in a window

• Use two pointers to maintain the window and slide it to find the smallest window

• Return the smallest window containing all characters in X
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Q2. 
Smallest Integer Not Representable as Subset Sum
Given a non-decreasing sorted array ARR of N positive numbers, determine the smallest positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of elements from...read more
Ans. 
Find the smallest positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of elements from any proper subset of a non-decreasing sorted array of positive numbers.
• Start with the smallest possible integer that cannot be represented, which is 1.

• Iterate through the array and update the smallest integer that cannot be represented.

• If the current element is greater than the smallest integer that cannot be represented, return tha...read more
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Q3. 
Minimum Steps for a Knight to Reach Target
Given a square chessboard of size 'N x N', determine the minimum number of moves a Knight requires to reach a specified target position from its initial position...read more
Ans. 
Calculate the minimum number of moves a Knight needs to reach a target position on a chessboard.
• Implement a function that takes knight's starting position, target position, and chessboard size as input

• Use breadth-first search algorithm to find the shortest path for the Knight

• Consider all possible 8 movements of the Knight on the chessboard

• Return the minimum number of moves required for the Knight to reach the target po
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

It started with a discussion on the programs given in coding round. They asked me about my interest field after that they directly jumped into Networking, Linux and Ethical Hacking part looking my interest domain. They asked me various question on networking and linux.
Then they asked me to code a simple c program

Q1. 
Reverse Linked List Problem Statement
Given a singly linked list of integers, return the head of the reversed linked list.
Example:
Initial linked list: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> NULL
Reversed link...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a singly linked list of integers and return the head of the reversed linked list.
• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the pointers to point to the previous node.

• Keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes while reversing the linked list.

• Update the head of the reversed linked list as the last node encountered during reversal.
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Q2. What are the port numbers of protocols such as FTP and SMTP?
Ans. 
FTP uses port number 21 and SMTP uses port number 25.
• FTP uses port 21 for data transfer and port 20 for control information.

• SMTP uses port 25 for email communication.

• Understanding port numbers is important for network communication.
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Q3. Can you explain the OSI Model?
Ans. 
The OSI Model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.
• The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model.

• It consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has specific functions and communicates with the adjacent layers.

• Example: Layer 1 (Physical) deals with physi...read more
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Q4. How do you copy files in Linux?
Ans. 
To copy files in Linux, you can use the 'cp' command.
• Use the 'cp' command followed by the source file and destination directory to copy a file.

• To copy a directory and its contents, use the '-r' flag with the 'cp' command.

• You can also use wildcards like '*' to copy multiple files at once.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical round with 3 problems based on DSA and Algorithms.

Q1. 
Smallest Integer Not Representable as Subset Sum
Given a non-decreasing sorted array ARR of N positive numbers, determine the smallest positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of elements from...read more
Ans. 
Find the smallest positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of elements from any proper subset of a given array.
• Sort the array in non-decreasing order.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the smallest sum that can be formed.

• If the next element in the array is greater than the current sum + 1, then the answer is the current sum + 1.

• Return the answer as the smallest integer not representable as a subset
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Q2. 
Reverse Linked List Problem Statement
Given a singly linked list of integers, return the head of the reversed linked list.
Example:
Initial linked list: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> NULL
Reversed link...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a singly linked list of integers and return the head of the reversed linked list.
• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the pointers to point to the previous node instead of the next node.

• Use three pointers to keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes while reversing the linked list.

• Update the head of the reversed linked list to be the last node encountered during the reversal process.
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Q3. 
Smallest Window Problem Statement
Given two strings S and X containing random characters, the task is to find the smallest substring in S which contains all the characters present in X.
Input:
The first...read more
Ans. 
The task is to find the smallest substring in string S which contains all the characters present in string X.
• Iterate through string S and keep track of characters in X using a hashmap

• Use two pointers to maintain a sliding window and find the smallest window containing all characters in X

• Return the smallest window found
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical round with questions based on OOPS and Angular.

Q1. What are the different OOP concepts?
Ans. 
OOP concepts include inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.
• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation restricts access to certain components of an object, protecting its integrity.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

• Abstraction hides the complex implementation details of an object and only shows the necessar
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Questions based on System Design, ajax, jquery were asked.

Q1. How would you design a traffic light system?
Ans. 
Designing a traffic light system involves creating a system that controls the flow of traffic at intersections.
• Divide the traffic light system into three main lights: red, yellow, and green.

• Implement timers to control the duration of each light.

• Include sensors to detect the presence of vehicles and pedestrians.

• Consider implementing a pedestrian crossing signal.

• Integrate a central control system to coordinate the timing
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Q2. How does AJAX work?
Ans. 
AJAX allows for asynchronous communication between client and server without needing to reload the entire page.
• AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.

• It allows for sending and receiving data from a server without reloading the entire page.

• AJAX uses XMLHttpRequest object to make requests to the server.

• It can update parts of a web page without requiring a full page reload.

• Commonly used in web applications to pro
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Q3. What is the difference between AngularJS and jQuery?
Ans. 
AngularJS is a full-fledged MVC framework for building dynamic web applications, while jQuery is a lightweight library for DOM manipulation and event handling.
• AngularJS is a full-fledged MVC framework, providing features like two-way data binding, dependency injection, and routing.

• jQuery is a lightweight library primarily used for DOM manipulation and event handling.

• AngularJS is suitable for building single-page applic...read more
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Round duration - 75 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was the online round held at university. All students who met the eligibility criteria were called for the online test on hackerrank.

Q1. 
Anagram Difference Problem Statement
Given two strings, 'STR1' and 'STR2', of equal lengths, determine the minimum number of manipulations required to make the two strings anagrams of each other.
Input:
...read more
Ans. 
The problem involves finding the minimum number of manipulations required to make two strings anagrams of each other.
• Create frequency maps for both strings

• Find the absolute difference in frequencies of each character

• Sum up the absolute differences to get the total manipulations needed
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Round duration - 90 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round was technical round and the interview started with formal introduction and general questions.
After that We had a discussion on LRU Cache.
Followed by coding and set of data structure questions.

Q1. 
Gas Tank Problem Statement
You have a car with a gas tank of infinite capacity. There are 'N' gas stations located along a circular route, numbered from 0 to N-1. You begin your journey with an empty tank...read more
Ans. 
Find the starting gas station index to complete a circular route with gas and cost arrays.
• Iterate through gas stations, keeping track of total gas and total cost from each station

• If total gas is greater than or equal to total cost, update the starting station index

• Return the starting station index if a valid one is found, else return -1
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Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This Round was DS and Algo round and it started with formal introduction, followed by 2 problems. We first dicussed the approach the time complexity and proper code covering all cases.

Q1. 
Boundary Traversal of Binary Tree
Given a binary tree of integers, your task is to print the boundary nodes of this binary tree in an anti-clockwise direction starting from the root node.
Input:
The fir...read more
Ans. 
Print the boundary nodes of a binary tree in an anti-clockwise direction starting from the root node.
• Traverse the left boundary nodes from the root to the leftmost leaf node.

• Traverse the leaf nodes from left to right.

• Traverse the right boundary nodes from the rightmost leaf node to the root.
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Q2. 
Maximum Sum of Two Non-Overlapping Subarrays
Given an integer array ARR and a positive integer K, your objective is to find two non-overlapping subarrays (contiguous) of length K each, such that their sum...read more
Ans. 
Find two non-overlapping subarrays of length K with maximum sum in an integer array.
• Iterate through the array to find all possible subarrays of length K.

• Calculate the sum of each pair of non-overlapping subarrays of length K.

• Keep track of the maximum sum obtained from the pairs of subarrays.
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was the Final Interview and it started with formal introduction and general HR questions. Then We discussed about the projects and the things written in my resume. The interviewer was very frank and this round was very interactive. He asked me about my college, my future plans, teachers, various subjects, why Expedia and questions like that.

Round duration - 120 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The test was divided into two parts : Section A had questions from Quantitative, C language, Logical and English. The second part had two coding questions.

Q1. 
Deletion in Circular Linked List Problem Statement
Given a Circular Singly Linked List of integers, and a specific value 'VAL', your task is to delete the first occurrence of this value in the linked list...read more
Ans. 
Delete the first occurrence of a specific value in a Circular Linked List.
• Traverse the circular linked list to find the value to be deleted.

• Update the pointers to skip the node containing the value.

• Handle edge cases like deleting the only node in the list.

• Return the modified circular linked list.
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Q2. 
LRU Cache Design Question
Design a data structure for a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache that supports the following operations:
1. get(key) - Return the value of the key if it exists in the cache; otherw...read more
Ans. 
Design a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache data structure that supports get and put operations with capacity constraints.
• Use a combination of a doubly linked list and a hashmap to efficiently implement the LRU cache.

• Keep track of the least recently used item and update it accordingly when new items are added.

• Ensure that the cache does not exceed its capacity by evicting the least recently used item when necessary.
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Round duration - 120 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Hello everyone! Expedia came to our campus for full time hiring of final year students. They had shortlisted candidates for the interviews by taking an online test comprised of four sections (Quantitative, C, Logical and English). Every section had a timer attached to it, so you need to think and answer quickly. Although, the questions were easy but cutoff was quite high. This round was followed by a coding round, comprised of two questions.

Q1. 
Problem: Deletion in Circular Linked List
You are provided with a Circular Linked List of integers and a specific integer, referred to as 'key'.
Your task is to implement a function that locates the spec...read more
Ans. 
Implement a function to delete a specific key from a Circular Linked List of integers.
• Traverse the Circular Linked List to find the key to be deleted.

• Adjust the pointers to remove the node containing the key.

• Handle the case where the Circular Linked List becomes empty after deletion.

• Return -1 if the Circular Linked List is empty after deletion.
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Q2. 
Page Faults Identification Problem Statement
In computing, a page fault occurs when a process accesses a memory page that is not currently mapped by the memory management unit. To handle new pages being b...read more
Ans. 
The problem involves determining the number of page faults using the Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement algorithm.
• Page faults occur when a process accesses a memory page not currently mapped by the memory management unit.

• Page replacement algorithm like LRU is used to decide which existing page should be replaced.

• The goal is to calculate the number of page faults based on the given input sequences and memory capacity...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The man who was taking my first round was my alumni. He started-off by asking my introduction and then gave me 2 programming questions to code. He then navigated on to my Codechef profile and asked a question that I did in the June 14 Long Contest. I explained him and he was satisfied. 
Tips : You don’t have to answer the stuffs quickly, rather you need to develop some test cases and have some discussion regarding the structure of the problem, and then answer.

Q1. 
Cycle Detection in a Singly Linked List
Determine if a given singly linked list of integers forms a cycle or not.
A cycle in a linked list occurs when a node's next points back to a previous node in the ...read more
Ans. 
Detect if a singly linked list forms a cycle by checking if a node's next points back to a previous node.
• Traverse the linked list using two pointers, one moving one step at a time and the other moving two steps at a time.

• If the two pointers meet at any point, it indicates the presence of a cycle in the linked list.

• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm for efficient detection of cycles in a linked list.
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Q2. 
Closest Sum Problem Statement
Given an array of integers ARR of size N and an integer target, find three integers in ARR such that their sum is closest to the target. If there are two closest sums, return...read more
Ans. 
Find three integers in an array whose sum is closest to a given target, return the smallest sum if there are two closest sums.
• Iterate through all possible triplets in the array to find the sum closest to the target.

• Keep track of the closest sum found so far and update it if a closer sum is found.

• Return the closest sum at the end of the iteration.
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