Western Digital Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Explain dynamic polymorphism
Ans. 
Dynamic polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on multiple forms during runtime.
• It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.

• It is achieved through virtual functions and inheritance.

• Examples include function overriding and templates in C++.
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Q2. Types of casts in C++
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C++ has four types of casts: static_cast, dynamic_cast, const_cast, and reinterpret_cast.
• static_cast is used for implicit conversions between related types

• dynamic_cast is used for runtime type checking and casting of polymorphic types

• const_cast is used to remove const or volatile qualifiers from a variable

• reinterpret_cast is used for low-level casting between unrelated types

• Examples: static_cast(3.14), dynamic_castread more
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Q3. IPC mechanisms in Linux
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IPC mechanisms in Linux are used for inter-process communication between processes running on the same system.
• IPC mechanisms include pipes, message queues, shared memory, and semaphores.

• Pipes are used for one-way communication between two processes.

• Message queues allow for asynchronous communication between processes.

• Shared memory allows multiple processes to access the same memory space.

• Semaphores are used for synchro...read more
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Q4. Map vs unordered_map, vector vs list
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map and unordered_map are associative containers while vector and list are sequence containers.
• map and unordered_map are used to store key-value pairs while vector and list are used to store sequences of elements.

• map and unordered_map provide faster search and insertion of elements while vector and list provide faster insertion and deletion of elements.

• map and unordered_map use red-black trees and hash tables respectiv...read more
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Q1. Functors in C++, uses
Ans. 
Functors are objects that can be treated as functions in C++. They are used for generic programming and can be passed as arguments.
• Functors are often used in algorithms that require a function object as a parameter.

• They can be used to implement callbacks and event handlers.

• Functors can be used to create custom comparators for sorting algorithms.

• They can also be used to implement function objects for mathematical operat...read more
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Q2. Synchronisation mechanisms
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Q3. Move constructor, rvalues and const
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Move constructors enable efficient resource transfer from rvalues, avoiding unnecessary copies and improving performance.
• A move constructor takes an rvalue reference as a parameter, e.g., `MyClass(MyClass&& other)`. This allows transferring resources.

• Using `std::move`, you can cast an lvalue to an rvalue, enabling move semantics, e.g., `std::vector<int> v2 = std::move(v1);`.

• Move constructors should 'steal...read more
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Q4. Synchronisation of given thread blocks
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Synchronizing thread blocks is important for efficient and correct execution of parallel programs.
• Thread blocks must be synchronized to avoid race conditions and ensure correct program output.

• Synchronization can be achieved using locks, semaphores, or barriers.

• Examples of synchronization include ensuring that shared resources are accessed by only one thread at a time, or that threads wait for each other before proceedi...read more
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Q5. Fault diagnosis on Linux system, gdb experience
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Python overview and oops concept

Q1. Microcontroller and other architecture
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Q1. Python coding quesions
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Q1. Linux boot process
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Q2. Recursive pros and cons
Ans. 
Recursive programming simplifies complex problems but can lead to performance issues and stack overflow risks.
• Pros: Simplifies code for problems like tree traversal (e.g., depth-first search).

• Cons: Can lead to stack overflow if recursion depth is too high (e.g., calculating Fibonacci numbers).

• Pros: Easier to read and maintain for problems with a natural recursive structure (e.g., factorial calculation).

• Cons: May have h...read more
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Q1. Basic ML, SQL and Python questions
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Q2. Case Study problem to solve
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