Vrinsoft Technology Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Queries on joins using inner join, left join, right join, outer join
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Q2. What are the definitions of case and decode, what are the differences between them, and can you explain the logic for each?
Ans. 
Case and decode are conditional expressions in PL/SQL used for data manipulation.
• CASE is used for conditional logic in SQL statements, while DECODE is used for conditional logic in SELECT statements.

• CASE is more flexible and can handle multiple conditions, while DECODE is limited to one condition.

• CASE can be used in both SQL and PL/SQL, while DECODE is specific to SQL.

• Example of CASE: SELECT CASE WHEN condition1 THEN r...read more
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Q3. What are the primary key and foreign key in database design, and can you provide examples of each?
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Primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table, while foreign key establishes a link between two tables.
• Primary key ensures uniqueness and cannot have null values

• Foreign key establishes a relationship between tables based on the primary key of another table

• Example of primary key: EmployeeID in an Employee table

• Example of foreign key: DepartmentID in an Employee table linking to DepartmentID in a Department tabl
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Q4. What are the differences between Rank and Dense Rank in SQL?
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Rank assigns unique ranks to each distinct row, while Dense Rank assigns consecutive ranks without gaps.
• Rank may have gaps in the ranking sequence, while Dense Rank does not.

• Rank assigns the same rank to rows with the same values, while Dense Rank assigns different ranks.

• Rank function is non-consecutive, while Dense Rank function is consecutive.
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Q5. What is the difference between procedures and functions?
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Procedures are used to perform an action, while functions return a value.
• Procedures do not return a value, while functions do.

• Functions can be called from SQL queries, while procedures cannot.

• Functions must return a value, while procedures do not necessarily have to.
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Q6. Is it possible to use a package body without a package specification?
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No, a package body cannot be used without a package specification.
• A package body must always be associated with a package specification.

• The package specification defines the public interface of the package, while the package body contains the implementation details.

• Attempting to use a package body without a corresponding package specification will result in compilation errors.
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Q7. What is a SQL query that can be used to find duplicate values in a database?
Ans. 
Use a SQL query with GROUP BY and HAVING clause to find duplicate values in a database.
• Use GROUP BY clause to group the values that are duplicated.

• Use HAVING clause to filter out the groups that have more than one occurrence.

• Example: SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
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Q8. Queries using group by and having clause
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Group by and having clause are used together to filter groups based on specified conditions.
• Group by clause is used to group rows that have the same values into summary rows.

• Having clause is used to filter groups based on specified conditions.

• Example: SELECT department, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING AVG(salary) > 5000;
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Q9. What are the definitions of the Substr and Instr functions?
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Substr function extracts a substring from a string, while Instr function returns the position of a substring within a string.
• Substr function syntax: SUBSTR(string, start_position, length)

• Example: SUBSTR('Hello World', 7, 5) will return 'World'

• Instr function syntax: INSTR(string, substring)

• Example: INSTR('Hello World', 'World') will return 7
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Q10. What is the process for writing a SQL query that includes a subquery?
Ans. 
Writing a SQL query with a subquery involves nesting one query inside another to retrieve specific data.
• Start by writing the main query that will retrieve the primary data

• Identify the criteria for the subquery to filter the results

• Enclose the subquery within parentheses and use it in the WHERE or FROM clause of the main query

• Ensure that the subquery returns a single value or a single column result
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Q11. What is the difference between char, varchar, and varchar2 data types?
Ans. 
Char is fixed length, varchar is variable length with max 4000 bytes, varchar2 is variable length with max 32767 bytes.
• Char is fixed length and always right-padded with spaces, while varchar and varchar2 are variable length.

• Varchar can store up to 4000 bytes of data, while varchar2 can store up to 32767 bytes.

• Char is less efficient in terms of storage compared to varchar and varchar2.
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Q12. Queries using Trunc and round
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Q13. Is it possible to combine two tables with differing data and columns without utilizing joins?
Ans. 
No, it is not possible to combine two tables with differing data and columns without utilizing joins.
• Joins are necessary to combine tables based on a common column or key.

• Different data and columns require a join to match and merge the data properly.

• Examples of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.
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Q14. Is it possible to update data in a view?
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Yes, it is possible to update data in a view using INSTEAD OF triggers.
• Views are virtual tables that display data from one or more tables.

• By using INSTEAD OF triggers, you can update data in a view by specifying the logic to handle the update operation.

• The trigger intercepts the update operation on the view and executes the specified logic to update the underlying tables.

• For example, you can create an INSTEAD OF trigge...read more
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Q1. Can you describe yourself and provide details about your project, including the brief questions that were asked about it?
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Q2. Why TCS?
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TCS is a global IT services company known for its innovative solutions and commitment to employee growth.
• TCS has a strong reputation in the IT industry for delivering high-quality services.

• TCS offers opportunities for professional growth and development through training programs and career advancement.

• TCS has a diverse and inclusive work culture that values teamwork and collaboration.
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Q3. What is a dynamic cursor in database management?
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A dynamic cursor in database management allows for the execution of different SQL queries at runtime.
• Dynamic cursors are used when the SQL query to be executed is not known until runtime.

• They allow for flexibility in querying the database based on user input or other conditions.

• Dynamic cursors can be used to handle varying result sets or conditions in a more efficient manner.

• Example: Using a dynamic cursor to search fo...read more
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Q4. Did you perform performance tuning, and if so, what steps did you take?
Ans. 
Yes, I have performed performance tuning by identifying bottlenecks and optimizing queries.
• Identified slow queries using tools like SQL Trace, Explain Plan, and AWR reports.

• Optimized queries by adding indexes, rewriting SQL statements, and reducing unnecessary data retrieval.

• Tuned PL/SQL code by using bulk processing, minimizing context switches, and optimizing loops.

• Utilized database features like partitioning and mat
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Q5. What is the definition of a package, and is it possible to use a package body without a package specification?
Ans. 
A package in PL/SQL is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables, and other constructs.
• A package consists of two parts: package specification and package body.

• The package specification defines the public interface of the package, including declarations of variables, constants, cursors, procedures, and functions.

• The package body contains the actual implementation of the procedures and functions declared i...read more
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Q6. I got more questions from my project related
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Q1. What are your reasons for wanting to join TCS?
Ans. 
I am excited about the opportunity to work with a global leader like TCS and contribute to innovative projects.
• TCS is a renowned global company with a strong reputation in the IT industry

• I am impressed by TCS's commitment to innovation and cutting-edge technology

• I believe TCS offers great opportunities for professional growth and development

• I am excited about the chance to work on diverse and challenging projects at TC
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Q2. What is your current salary package?
Ans. 
I prefer to discuss my salary expectations based on the responsibilities and requirements of the position.
• Focus on discussing salary expectations based on the job responsibilities and requirements.

• Avoid disclosing specific current salary package.

• Emphasize the importance of fair compensation based on market rates and skills.

• Provide examples of successful projects or achievements that demonstrate your value.

• Discuss oppor...read more
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Q3. What is your expected salary package?
Ans. 
I am looking for a competitive salary package based on my experience and skills.
• I am open to discussing salary based on the responsibilities and requirements of the role.

• I have researched the average salary range for Plsql Developers in this location.

• I am looking for a package that includes benefits such as healthcare, retirement plans, and professional development opportunities.
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Q4. Are you comfortable with shift work?
Ans. 
Yes, I am comfortable with shift work and have experience working various shifts.
• I have previous experience working different shifts in my current/previous roles.

• I am flexible with my schedule and can easily adapt to changing shift patterns.

• I understand the importance of shift work in ensuring 24/7 coverage for critical systems.
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Q5. Are you ok with any location
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Yes, I am open to any location for the Plsql Developer position.
• I am willing to relocate for the right opportunity

• I am open to working in different cities or countries

• I am flexible with travel requirements for the job
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Q6. Holding any other offers in hand
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Q1. Explain Callback and callback hell? How to prevent callback hell?
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Q2. Explain Closures?
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Q3. ES6 Features?
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Q4. What is Hoisting?
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Q5. {cat, Act} & {mary, Army} are Anagrams or not? Write a program in Javascript.
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Q6. Difference between var, let, and const in Javascript?
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Q1. Azure cloud platform tech
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Q2. Informatica tech stack ques
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Q1. Adf tech stack que
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Q2. Scd type 2 implementation
Ans. 
SCD Type 2 implementation involves tracking historical changes in data by creating new records for each change.
• Identify the columns that need to be tracked for changes

• Add effective start and end dates to track the validity of each record

• Insert new records for changes and update end dates for previous records

• Maintain a surrogate key to uniquely identify each version of the record
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Q1. Dw related que ans
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Q2. Solution design related que
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Q1. Aspiration from my end
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Q2. How soon can join
Ans. 
I can join the team within 2 weeks.
• I can start within 2 weeks of receiving the offer.

• I need to give notice to my current employer.

• I may need to relocate, which could affect my start date.
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For example, a ₹10 LPA CTC could mean an in-hand salary of ₹70,000–₹75,000 per month, depending on deductions and benefits.

✨ 𝗣𝗿𝗼 𝗧𝗶𝗽: Always request a detailed salary structure during negotiations—it’s your roadmap to making informed decisions

𝗖𝗧𝗖 𝘃𝘀 𝗜𝗻-𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘆: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗰𝗸 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗡𝗲𝗲𝗱𝘀!

We’ve all been there—excitedly discussing job offers and hearing about the impressive CTC (Cost to Company). But when payday arrives, you wonder

Q1. 2️⃣ 𝗜𝗻-𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘆: This is the actual amount you take home after deductions like: • Employee’s contribution to PF • Income tax (TDS) • Professional tax
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Q2. 𝗖𝗧𝗖 𝘃𝘀 𝗜𝗻-𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘆: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗰𝗸 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗡𝗲𝗲𝗱𝘀! We’ve all been there—excitedly discussing job offers and hearing about the impressi...read more
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Q1. Basic Javascript questions were asked like Hoisting, Event Loop, Closure.
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Q2. What are semantic tags? << HTML based question
Ans. 
Semantic tags in HTML are specific tags that provide meaning to the content they enclose.
• Semantic tags help search engines and screen readers understand the structure of a webpage.

• Examples of semantic tags include <header>, <footer>, <nav>, <article>, <section>, <aside>, <main>, <figure>, <figcaption>.

• Using semantic tags improves SEO and accessibility of a website.
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Q3. What is currying in js?
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Currying is a technique in functional programming where a function with multiple arguments is transformed into a sequence of nested functions, each taking a single argument.
• Currying helps in creating reusable functions and partial application.

• It allows you to create new functions by fixing some parameters of an existing function.

• Example: const add = (a) => (b) => a + b; add(2)(3) will return 5.
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Q4. What is the difference between Map and Filter?
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Map is used to transform each element of an array, while Filter is used to select elements based on a condition.
• Map returns a new array with the same length as the original array, but with each element transformed based on a provided function.

• Filter returns a new array with only the elements that pass a provided condition function.

• Example for Map: [1, 2, 3].map(num => num * 2) will result in [2, 4, 6].

• Example for Fi...read more
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Q5. What is the difference between Map and ForEach?
Ans. 
Map creates a new array with the results of calling a provided function on every element, while forEach executes a provided function once for each array element.
• Map returns a new array with the same length as the original array, while forEach does not return anything.

• Map does not mutate the original array, while forEach can mutate the original array.

• Map is more suitable for transforming data and creating a new array, w...read more
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Q6. What is the difference between Authentication and Authorization?
Ans. 
Authentication verifies the identity of a user, while authorization determines the user's access rights.
• Authentication confirms the user's identity through credentials like username and password.

• Authorization determines what actions the authenticated user is allowed to perform.

• Authentication precedes authorization in the security process.

• Example: Logging into a website (authentication) and then accessing specific pages
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Q7. What is the difference between Local storage and Session storage?
Ans. 
Local storage persists even after the browser is closed, while session storage is cleared when the browser is closed.
• Local storage has no expiration date, while session storage expires when the browser is closed.

• Local storage stores data with no limit, while session storage has a limit of around 5MB.

• Local storage data is available across all windows/tabs for that domain, while session storage data is only available wit...read more
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Q1. This was the Final round, it lasted for around 30 mins and the interviewer gave me a coding question to build a Countdown Timer app.
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Q1. What are the different sizes available for a virtual warehouse in Snowflake, and which sizes are currently being utilized in your current project?
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Q2. What are stored procedures in Snowflake, and how did you utilize them?
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Q1. How did you verify the data after transferring it from one database to another?
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Q2. What are the different types of duplicate checks that can be performed using SQL queries?
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Q1. Are you open to relocating to Hyderabad?
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Q2. What information do you have about ValueLabs?
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Q1. What is the architecture of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)?
Ans. 
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is an abstract computing machine that enables a computer to run Java programs.
• JVM is platform-independent and converts Java bytecode into machine code.

• It consists of class loader, runtime data areas, execution engine, and native method interface.

• JVM memory is divided into method area, heap, stack, and PC register.

• Examples of JVM implementations include Oracle HotSpot, OpenJ9, and GraalVM.
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Q2. What is the default connection pooling in Spring Boot, and how can it be customized?
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The default connection pooling in Spring Boot is HikariCP, which can be customized through properties in the application.properties file.
• HikariCP is the default connection pooling library in Spring Boot, known for its high performance and low overhead.

• To customize the connection pooling, you can modify properties like 'spring.datasource.hikari.*' in the application.properties file.

• For example, you can set maximum pool ...read more
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Q3. What are the best practices for optimizing a Spring Boot application?
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Best practices for optimizing a Spring Boot application
• Use Spring Boot Actuator to monitor and manage application performance

• Implement caching mechanisms like Spring Cache to reduce database calls

• Optimize database queries and indexes for better performance

• Use asynchronous processing with Spring's @Async annotation for non-blocking operations

• Profile and analyze application performance using tools like VisualVM or JProfi
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Q4. What is a heap dump, and how can it be used to identify memory leaks?
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A heap dump is a snapshot of the memory usage of a Java application at a specific point in time.
• Heap dumps can be generated using tools like jmap or VisualVM.

• They provide detailed information about objects in memory, their sizes, and references.

• Analyzing a heap dump can help identify memory leaks by pinpointing objects that are consuming excessive memory.

• Common signs of memory leaks in a heap dump include a large numbe...read more
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Q5. How can you diagonally iterate through and print the elements of a 2D array?program
Ans. 
Diagonally iterate through and print elements of a 2D array of strings.
• Use nested loops to iterate through rows and columns of the 2D array.

• Calculate the diagonal elements by incrementing row and column indices together.

• Print the elements as you iterate through the diagonal of the array.
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