UST Abinitio Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is inheritance
Ans. 
Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class can inherit attributes and methods from another class.
• Allows for code reusability by creating a new class based on an existing class

• Derived class (subclass) inherits properties and behaviors from a base class (superclass)

• Can have multiple levels of inheritance, creating a hierarchy of classes

• Example: Animal class can be a base class with Dog and Cat
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Q2. What is polymorphism
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Polymorphism is the ability of a function or method to behave differently based on the object it is acting upon.
• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• It enables a single interface to be used for different data types or classes.

• Examples include method overloading and method overriding in object-oriented programming.
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Q3. Write a code for string reverse
Ans. 
Code to reverse a string using array of characters
• Iterate through half of the string and swap characters from start and end

• Use a temporary variable to store the character being swapped

• Handle edge cases like empty string or single character string
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Q1. What is abstraction and how can we achieve it?
Ans. 
Abstraction is the concept of hiding complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features to the outside world.
• Abstraction allows us to focus on what an object does rather than how it does it

• Achieved through abstract classes and interfaces in object-oriented programming

• Example: A car dashboard abstracts the internal workings of the car and provides only essential information to the driver
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Q2. Difference between hashtable and hashmap
Ans. 
Hashtable is synchronized, while hashmap is not. Hashtable does not allow null keys or values, while hashmap does.
• Hashtable is synchronized, while hashmap is not

• Hashtable does not allow null keys or values, while hashmap does

• Hashtable is a legacy class, while hashmap is a newer class
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Q3. How get() works insterally in hashmap
Ans. 
The get() method in HashMap retrieves the value associated with a specified key.
• get() method takes a key as input and returns the value associated with that key in the HashMap.

• Internally, get() uses the hash code of the key to find the corresponding bucket in the HashMap.

• If multiple keys have the same hash code, get() uses the equals() method to find the correct key-value pair.
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Q4. What is normalization?
Ans. 
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• Normalization helps in minimizing data redundancy by dividing the database into multiple tables and defining relationships between them.

• It ensures data integrity by avoiding update anomalies and inconsistencies.

• There are different normal forms such as 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, and 4NF, each with specific rules to fo...read more
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Q5. What are constraints?
Ans. 
Constraints are limitations or restrictions placed on a system or process.
• Constraints define the boundaries within which a system must operate.

• They can include limitations on resources, time, or functionality.

• Examples of constraints in software engineering include memory limitations, processing speed, and input/output requirements.
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Q6. Write a query to get 3rd highest salary from the employee table
Ans. 
Query to retrieve the 3rd highest salary from the employee table
• Use the ORDER BY clause to sort salaries in descending order

• Use the LIMIT clause to retrieve the 3rd highest salary
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Q7. Write a code to get 2nd last node and its value from the singly linked list.
Ans. 
Traverse the linked list to find the 2nd last node and return its value.
• Traverse the linked list while keeping track of the current and previous nodes.

• Once at the end of the list, return the value of the previous node.
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Q8. You have an array of integer and retrieve the 2 smallest number from it without sorting the array.
Ans. 
Use two variables to keep track of the smallest and second smallest numbers in the array.
• Iterate through the array and update the variables accordingly.

• Initialize the variables with the maximum possible integer value to start with.

• Example: array = [5, 2, 8, 1, 3], smallest = 1, secondSmallest = 2.
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Q1. Java questions and basics of testing
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Techinal - 30mins,Aptitude - 15mins

4 coding question in two different language

Q1. Concepts and coding for 50 mins
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Q1. Projects, concepts coding for 50 mins
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Q1. Sql,logical resoning,projects, technical for 50 mins
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Q1. Normal hr Interview, like salary discussion
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Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. 
Height of a Binary Tree
You are provided with an arbitrary binary tree consisting of 'N' nodes where each node is associated with a certain value. The task is to determine the height of the tree.
Explana...read more
Ans. 
The height of a binary tree is the maximum number of edges from the root to a leaf node.
• Traverse the tree recursively and keep track of the maximum height

• If the current node is null, return 0

• Otherwise, calculate the height of the left and right subtrees and return the maximum height plus 1
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Q2. 
Trapping Rain Water Problem Statement
You are given a long type array/list ARR of size N, representing an elevation map. The value ARR[i] denotes the elevation of the ith bar. Your task is to determine th...read more
Ans. 
The question asks to calculate the total amount of rainwater that can be trapped in the given elevation map.
• Iterate through the array and find the maximum height on the left and right side of each bar.

• Calculate the amount of water that can be trapped on each bar by subtracting its height from the minimum of the maximum heights on both sides.

• Sum up the trapped water for all bars and return the total amount.
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. 
Merge Two Sorted Arrays Problem Statement
Given two sorted integer arrays ARR1 and ARR2 of size M and N, respectively, merge them into ARR1 as one sorted array. Assume that ARR1 has a size of M + N to hol...read more
Ans. 
The task is to merge two sorted arrays into one sorted array.
• Create a new array with size M + N to store the merged array

• Use two pointers to iterate through the elements of ARR1 and ARR2

• Compare the elements at the current pointers and add the smaller element to the new array

• Move the pointer of the array from which the element was added

• Repeat the process until all elements are merged

• If there are remaining elements in AR...read more
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Q1. SQL and COGNOS related questions were asked.
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Q1. SQL and cognos Related questions were asked.
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Q1. What is the expected CTC and few questions related to notice period and pay details.
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Q1. .Net, MVC, OOPS, SQL questions technical round of one hour
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Q1. Manager Round of 1 hour
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Q1. Tell me about yourself.
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Q2. Why are you looking for a change?
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Q3. Share details of your previous job.
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Q4. What are your salary expectations?
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Q1. Selenium,java ,api testing,maven,manual testing
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