Tech Mahindra Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is hotfix in software testing
Ans. 
A hotfix is a software patch or update that is released to fix a critical issue or bug in a software application.
• Hotfixes are typically released quickly to address urgent issues that cannot wait for the next regular software update.

• They are often targeted at specific problems or bugs reported by users or discovered during testing.

• Hotfixes are usually smaller in scope and size compared to regular software updates.

• They a...read more
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Q2. What is software testing
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Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application to ensure it meets the specified requirements and functions correctly.
• Software testing is essential to identify defects or bugs in the software.

• It involves executing test cases and comparing the actual results with expected results.

• Testing can be done manually or using automated tools.

• Types of software testing include functional testing, performance t...read more
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Q3. What is bug in software testing
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A bug is a defect or error in software that causes it to behave unexpectedly or not as intended.
• A bug can be caused by a mistake in the code, a misunderstanding of requirements, or a failure to test properly.

• Bugs can range from minor issues, such as a typo in the user interface, to major problems, such as a security vulnerability.

• Effective bug reporting and tracking is essential for identifying and resolving issues in ...read more
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Q1. Difference between absolute and relative Xpath
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Absolute Xpath starts from the root element, while relative Xpath starts from any node in the DOM structure.
• Absolute Xpath starts with a single forward slash (/) and starts selection from the root node.

• Relative Xpath starts with a double forward slash (//) and starts selection from the current node or any node in the DOM structure.

• Absolute Xpath is more brittle and prone to breaking if the structure of the page changes...read more
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Q2. What would be return if multiple tabs are open
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The return would be the number of tabs open in the browser.
• The return value would be an integer representing the count of open tabs.

• For example, if there are 5 tabs open, the return value would be 5.
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Q3. What are the waits in selenium
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Types of waits in Selenium include Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait.
• Implicit Wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing a NoSuchElementException.

• Explicit Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

• Fluent Wait: Waits for a condition to be true with a defined polling frequency.

• Example: driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
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Q4. Exceptions in selenium
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Exceptions in Selenium are errors that occur during test execution, disrupting the flow of the test script.
• Exceptions are thrown when there is an unexpected behavior in the application under test or in the test script itself.

• Common exceptions in Selenium include NoSuchElementException, ElementNotVisibleException, TimeoutException, and StaleElementReferenceException.

• Handling exceptions in Selenium can be done using try-...read more
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Q5. What is feature and step definitions in cucumber BDD
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Feature files contain high-level description of the functionality to be tested, while step definitions are the implementation of the steps in the feature file using code.
• Feature files are written in Gherkin syntax and describe the behavior of the application in plain text.

• Step definitions are written in programming languages like Java, Ruby, etc., and map the steps in the feature file to automation code.

• Feature files a...read more
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Q6. How to input data in cucumber
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Data can be input in Cucumber using feature files and step definitions.
• Data can be input in feature files using scenarios and scenario outlines

• Step definitions can be used to define the actions to be taken with the input data

• Data tables can be used in feature files to input structured data

• Examples keyword can be used in scenario outlines to provide multiple sets of input data
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Q7. Basic Java questions like access modifiers, method overloading and overriding
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Q8. What is Test case, Test plan and Test Secenarios
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Test case is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine whether a system under test satisfies requirements. Test plan is a document outlining the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities. Test scenarios are detailed descriptions of possible interactions with the system.
• Test case: specific conditions to be tested, expected results, steps to execute

• Test plan: overall strate...read more
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Q9. Hooks in Java
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Hooks in Java are methods that allow subclasses to override or extend the behavior of a superclass.
• Hooks are commonly used in frameworks like JUnit and TestNG for test automation.

• They are often used for setup and teardown operations before and after test methods.

• Examples include @Before, @After, @BeforeClass, and @AfterClass annotations in JUnit.
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Q1. What is a constructor and it's purpose?
Ans. 
A constructor is a special type of method in a class that is automatically called when an object of that class is created.
• Constructors have the same name as the class they belong to

• They are used to initialize the object's state or perform any necessary setup

• Constructors can have parameters to customize the initialization process

• Example: public class Car { public Car(String color) { this.color = color; } }
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Q2. Can you override a Static Method?
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Yes, a static method can be overridden in Java using the concept of method hiding.
• In Java, static methods cannot be overridden in the traditional sense like instance methods.

• When a subclass defines a static method with the same signature as a static method in the superclass, it is called method hiding.

• Method hiding does not follow polymorphism and is resolved at compile time based on the reference type.

• Example: class...read more
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Q3. Can you create a Static local variable inside a Static method
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Yes, a static local variable can be created inside a static method.
• Yes, a static local variable can be declared inside a static method in programming languages like C++.

• Static local variables retain their values between function calls.

• Example: static void myStaticMethod() { static int count = 0; count++; }
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Q4. What is the memory allocation for a String?
Ans. 
String memory allocation is dynamic and depends on the length of the string.
• String memory allocation is dynamic and can change based on the length of the string.

• In Java, a String object is stored in the heap memory.

• Each character in a String typically takes up 2 bytes of memory.

• String objects in Java are immutable, meaning once a String object is created, it cannot be changed.
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Q5. Can you create a Static method inside an Abstract class or Interface?
Ans. 
Yes, you can create a static method inside an abstract class or interface.
• Static methods can be defined in interfaces since Java 8.

• Static methods in interfaces are used for providing utility methods that are not tied to any specific instance of the interface.

• Static methods in abstract classes can be used for common functionality that does not require an instance of the class.
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Q6. What is the Parent class of Java?
Ans. 
The parent class of Java is the Object class.
• All classes in Java are directly or indirectly derived from the Object class.

• The Object class is the root class in Java's class hierarchy.

• It provides methods that are common to all objects in Java, such as toString(), equals(), and hashCode().
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Q7. What is Window Handles in Selenium?
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Window Handles in Selenium are unique identifiers used to handle multiple browser windows in a Selenium test script.
• Window Handles are unique alphanumeric strings assigned to each browser window opened by Selenium.

• They are used to switch between different browser windows during a test script execution.

• Window Handles can be obtained using getWindowHandles() method in Selenium.

• Example: Set handles = driver.getWindowHandl
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Q1. Digital testing concepts
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Q2. What is RS232 & 422
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Q3. What RPS in power testing
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Q4. Digital communication
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Q5. Semiconductor basic information
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Q1. Appium architecture
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Q2. Java oops concepts n where did u apply that in automation framework
Ans. 
Java OOPs concepts are used in automation framework design for better code organization and reusability.
• Encapsulation: Used to hide the internal implementation details of classes and provide access through methods.

• Inheritance: Allows for code reuse by creating parent-child relationships between classes.

• Polymorphism: Enables methods to behave differently based on the object they are called on.

• Abstraction: Helps in defin...read more
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Q3. How to handle otp
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OTP can be handled by generating, sending, and verifying it in automated tests.
• Generate OTP using a random number generator

• Send OTP to the user via email, SMS, or any other communication channel

• Verify OTP entered by the user against the generated OTP
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Q4. How start appium in automation
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To start Appium in automation, you need to install Appium server, set up desired capabilities, and run the server.
• Install Appium server using npm install -g appium

• Set up desired capabilities in your test script

• Start the Appium server using the command appium
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Q5. What are the types of mobile apps
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Types of mobile apps include native apps, web apps, and hybrid apps.
• Native apps are developed for specific platforms like iOS or Android

• Web apps are accessed through a web browser and do not need to be downloaded from an app store

• Hybrid apps combine elements of both native and web apps

• Examples include Instagram (native), Twitter (web), and Uber (hybrid)
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Q6. Program to remove duplicate letters in a string
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Program to remove duplicate letters in a string
• Iterate through the string and keep track of seen characters in a set

• Append characters to a new string only if they are not already in the set

• Return the new string without duplicate letters
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Q7. How to perform swipe action in mobile devices
Ans. 
Swipe action in mobile devices can be performed using swipe() method in Appium or TouchAction class in Selenium.
• Use swipe() method in Appium to perform swipe action in mobile devices

• Alternatively, use TouchAction class in Selenium for swipe action

• Specify the start and end coordinates for the swipe action

• Adjust the duration and speed of the swipe as needed
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Q1. Explain your framework, API fundamentals
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Q2. Exception handling in selenium, error codes in api testing etc
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Q3. Synchronization handling in code
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Q4. Oops concepts used in project
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Q5. Agile process and terminologies
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Q1. Basic selenium and Basic Java
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Q1. Java Program - Reverse a string Selenium - stale element
Ans. 
Reverse a string using Java program and handle stale element in Selenium
• Create a Java program to reverse a string using StringBuilder or char array

• In Selenium, handle stale element exception by refreshing the element or using WebDriverWait

• Example: Java program - input: 'hello', output: 'olleh'; Selenium - handle stale element by refreshing the element before interacting with it
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Q1. What is your expected salary
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My expected salary is based on my experience, skills, and the market rate for Automation Test Engineers.
• I have researched the average salary range for Automation Test Engineers in this location.

• I am looking for a competitive salary that reflects my expertise in automation testing.

• I am open to negotiation based on the overall compensation package offered.
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Q1. Asked me to write a two programs - identifying duplicates words 2. Sum of series of numbers
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Q2. What is cucumber options
Ans. 
Cucumber options are configuration settings used in Cucumber to customize test execution.
• Cucumber options can be used to specify features, tags, formats, and more in the test execution

• Examples include specifying tags to run specific scenarios, setting output formats for test reports, and defining feature files to run
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Q3. Oops concepts used in my project
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In my project, I have used Oops concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, and Abstraction.
• Inheritance: Reusing code and creating a hierarchy of classes.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary features.
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Q4. Data providers, invocation count
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Q5. Find elements, window handles return type
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The find elements method returns a list of web elements matching a specified locator. Window handles return type is a set of strings representing unique identifiers for browser windows.
• Find elements method returns a list of web elements matching a specified locator

• Window handles return type is a set of strings representing unique identifiers for browser windows
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