Tata Group IoT Embedded Developer Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Q1. What is difference between Normal OS and RTOS? What is difference between microcontroller and microprocessor? Write a C program to swap two numbers without using 3rd variable.
Ans. 
RTOS is a real-time operating system designed for time-sensitive applications. Microcontrollers are integrated circuits with built-in memory and peripherals.
• RTOS is designed to provide deterministic and predictable response times for critical tasks.

• Normal OS is designed for general-purpose computing and may not prioritize real-time tasks.

• Microcontrollers are typically used in embedded systems and have limited resources...read more
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Q2. What is storage class in C?
Ans. 
Storage class in C determines the scope, visibility, and lifetime of variables.
• C has four storage classes: auto, register, static, and extern.

• Auto storage class is the default and is used for local variables.

• Register storage class is used for variables that should be stored in CPU registers for faster access.

• Static storage class is used for variables that retain their values between function calls.

• Extern storage class ...read more
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Q3. What is difference between macro and constant variable in C? How to divide a number without using division operator?
Ans. 
A macro is a preprocessor directive that is replaced by its value before compilation, while a constant variable is a read-only variable.
• Macros are defined using the #define directive, while constant variables are declared using the const keyword.

• Macros are replaced by their values during preprocessing, while constant variables are stored in memory.

• Macros can lead to code duplication, while constant variables provide ty...read more
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Q1. Asked regarding programs
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Q2. Asked regarding questions of memory structure
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Q3. What is Compilation process
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Compilation process is the process of converting source code into machine code by a compiler.
• Source code is written in a high-level programming language

• Compiler translates the source code into assembly code

• Assembler converts the assembly code into machine code

• Final executable file is generated
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Q1. Basic question from my Resume and Work/Projects
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Q2. Technical Question : Stackoverflow, Queue, Virtual Class/Keyword, Pointers, Linked List
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Q3. Memory Stack, Local/Glabal/Staic Variable stored where?
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Q4. Direct Memory Access, Heap, Stack, Dyanamic Memory Allocation, memory Segmentation fault
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Q5. Difference between Timer and counters?
Ans. 
Timers are used to measure time intervals, while counters are used to count events or occurrences.
• Timers are typically used for generating delays, measuring time intervals, or triggering events at specific times.

• Counters are used to count external events, such as pulses or interrupts.

• Timers can be used to implement software delays, while counters can be used for tasks like frequency measurement.

• Examples: A timer can be...read more
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Online c programming test using online tool

Q1. Manager level round - explain about project and area of difficulty in embedded. Which one we work and fix issue
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Q1. Discuss about offer letter
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Very basic c questions like an array

Q1. It's about C programming and data structure and Embedded Questions
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Q1. High level C programming questions and project explanation
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Q1. Offer, salary Discussion
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Q1. C Programming basic questions
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Q2. Microcontroller basics
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Q3. IoT Protocols, TCP/IP, other protocols like MQTT etc..
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Q1. Digital electronics basics, analog related questions on hardware level
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Q2. Technical scenario based questions, the work that we have done before
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Q1. We can only offer you 10% hike, this domain is not that niche. Prem Navaz Nazar was the HR with Divya P.
Ans. I was in an impression atleast the company has good reputation hence a 30% minimum hike is what I was expecting. If I stay another 2 months in my same company I will be getting 12-15% hike, don't you think 10% is very minimal? The fact that an HR told Embedded domain is not that niche, I lost interest in the company. That's the tactics they use to lure you into accepting low salaries. Think about this for joining the...read more
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Q1. What is pointer
Ans. 
A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.
• Pointers are used to access and manipulate memory directly.

• They are often used in programming languages like C and C++.

• Example: int *ptr; // declares a pointer to an integer variable
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Q2. What is stack ?
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Stack is a data structure that follows Last In First Out (LIFO) principle, used for storing temporary data in a program.
• Stack is a linear data structure with two main operations: push (adds data) and pop (removes data).

• Example: function call stack in programming languages like C, where function calls are added and removed in a LIFO manner.

• Stack memory is used for local variables and function call management.

• Stack overf...read more
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