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I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Sep 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Types of joins in SQL are Inner Join, Left Join, Right Join, and Full Join.
Inner Join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables.
Left Join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.
Right Join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.
Full Join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.
GROUP BY is used to group rows that have the same values into summary rows, while HAVING is used to filter groups based on a specified condition.
GROUP BY is used with aggregate functions to group the result set by one or more columns.
HAVING is used to filter groups based on a specified condition after the GROUP BY clause.
GROUP BY is used before the HAVING clause in a query.
Example: SELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM empl
DML commands are Data Manipulation Language commands used to manage data in a database.
DML commands include INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT.
INSERT is used to add new rows of data into a table.
UPDATE is used to modify existing data in a table.
DELETE is used to remove rows of data from a table.
SELECT is used to retrieve data from a database.
Primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table, while Unique key allows only one instance of a value in a column.
Primary key does not allow NULL values, while Unique key allows one NULL value.
Primary key automatically creates a clustered index, while Unique key creates a non-clustered index by default.
Primary key can be referenced by foreign keys, while Unique key cannot be referenced by foreign keys.
Indexes are data structures that improve the speed of data retrieval operations in a database.
Indexes are used to quickly locate data without having to search every row in a database table.
Types of indexes include clustered, non-clustered, unique, and composite indexes.
Clustered indexes determine the physical order of data in a table, while non-clustered indexes store a separate copy of the indexed columns.
Unique index...
Execution plan is a roadmap that SQL Server uses to execute a query, showing the steps taken to retrieve data.
Execution plan is generated by the query optimizer to determine the most efficient way to execute a query.
It shows the order in which tables are accessed, joins are performed, and filters are applied.
Execution plan can be viewed using tools like SQL Server Management Studio or by using the EXPLAIN statement in
SQL query to retrieve the maximum salary for each department
Use the MAX() function to find the maximum salary
Group the results by department using the GROUP BY clause
Join the employee table with the department table to get the department information
Different types of SQL joins with given data sets a and b.
Inner join: Returns rows where there is a match in both tables (1,1)
Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table (1,1,1,2,2)
Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table (1,1,2,4)
Cross join: Returns the Cartesian product of the two tables (1,1,1,1,1,2,1,4,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,4,2,...
row_number, rank, dense_rank are window functions in SQL used to assign a unique number to each row based on specified criteria.
row_number() assigns a unique sequential integer starting from 1 to each row in the result set
rank() assigns a unique rank to each row based on the specified ordering criteria, with gaps in ranking for ties
dense_rank() assigns a unique rank to each row based on the specified ordering criteria,
A trigger is a special type of stored procedure that automatically executes when certain events occur in a database.
Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, maintain referential integrity, and automate repetitive tasks.
Examples of trigger events include INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations on a table.
Triggers can be defined to execute before or after the triggering event.
Functions return a value, while stored procedures do not. Functions can be used in SELECT statements, stored procedures cannot.
Functions return a single value, while stored procedures can return multiple values or none at all.
Functions can be used in SELECT statements to return a value, while stored procedures cannot be used in this way.
Functions can be called from within stored procedures, but stored procedures cannot
posted on 9 Feb 2015
SQL command for creating a table
Use CREATE TABLE statement
Specify table name and column names with data types
Add any constraints or indexes as needed
SQL commands for inserting, updating, and deleting data from a table.
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3) VALUES (value1, value2, value3);
UPDATE table_name SET column1 = new_value1 WHERE condition;
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
Truncate and drop are SQL commands used to remove data from a table.
Truncate removes all data from a table but keeps the structure intact.
Drop removes the entire table and its structure.
Truncate is faster than drop as it only removes data.
Drop cannot be undone while truncate can be rolled back.
Truncate resets the identity of the table while drop does not.
Examples: TRUNCATE TABLE table_name; DROP TABLE table_name;
C++ is an extension of C with object-oriented programming features.
C++ supports classes and objects while C does not.
C++ has better support for polymorphism and inheritance.
C++ has a standard template library (STL) while C does not.
C++ allows function overloading while C does not.
C++ has exception handling while C does not.
I am a software developer with experience in Java and Python.
I have a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science.
I have worked on various projects involving web development and data analysis.
I am proficient in Java and Python programming languages.
I have experience with frameworks such as Spring and Django.
I am familiar with databases such as MySQL and MongoDB.
I have always been fascinated by technology and its ability to solve complex problems.
I enjoy problem-solving and logical thinking
I have a natural curiosity for how things work
I see the potential for technology to make a positive impact on society
I have experience in programming and find it rewarding
I am excited about the constant innovation and evolution in the IT industry
My strengths include problem-solving, adaptability, and teamwork. My weakness is public speaking.
Strengths: problem-solving, adaptability, teamwork
Examples: I have successfully solved complex coding problems, adapted to new technologies quickly, and collaborated effectively with team members.
Weakness: public speaking
Examples: I get nervous when speaking in front of large groups, but I am working on improving my present
I have the technical skills, experience, and passion to excel in this role.
I have a strong background in software development, with expertise in multiple programming languages and frameworks.
I have experience working on complex projects and collaborating with cross-functional teams.
I am passionate about staying up-to-date with the latest technologies and trends in the industry.
I am a quick learner and adaptable to new ...
posted on 16 Aug 2015
Network layers are a hierarchical way of organizing communication protocols.
Network layers provide a modular approach to networking.
Each layer has a specific function and communicates with adjacent layers.
The OSI model has 7 layers, while the TCP/IP model has 4 layers.
Examples of layers include the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer.
Deadlock is a situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed because they are waiting for each other to release resources.
Occurs in multi-threaded/multi-process environments
Can lead to system freeze or crash
Prevention techniques include resource ordering and timeouts
Example: Process A holds resource X and waits for resource Y, while Process B holds resource Y and waits for resource X
Paging and Segmentation are memory management techniques used by operating systems.
Paging divides memory into fixed-size pages and stores them in physical memory.
Segmentation divides memory into logical segments and stores them in physical memory.
Paging allows for efficient use of physical memory and reduces fragmentation.
Segmentation allows for protection and sharing of memory between processes.
Examples of operating s...
I am a software developer with experience in multiple programming languages and a passion for problem-solving.
Experienced in Java, C++, and Python
Strong knowledge of data structures and algorithms
Proficient in web development using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Familiar with agile development methodologies
Excellent problem-solving and analytical skills
Automation framework is a set of guidelines, standards, and coding practices used to create automated test scripts.
It provides a structured way to develop and maintain automated tests
It includes tools, libraries, and reusable components
It helps in reducing the time and effort required for testing
Examples include Selenium, Appium, and Robot Framework
High severity refers to critical defects that impact the core functionality of the software, while low severity refers to minor issues that have minimal impact on functionality.
High severity issues can cause the software to crash or result in data loss.
Low severity issues are cosmetic or minor usability problems.
From a QA point of view, high severity issues are more critical as they can significantly impact the user ex...
Class is a blueprint for creating objects while interface defines a contract for classes to implement.
A class can have attributes and methods while an interface only has method signatures.
A class can be instantiated while an interface cannot.
A class can only inherit from one class while it can implement multiple interfaces.
Example: Class - Animal, Interface - Flyable
Animal can have attributes like name, age, etc. and m...
Static keyword is used to declare a variable or method that belongs to the class rather than an instance of the class.
Static variables are shared among all instances of a class
Static methods can be called without creating an instance of the class
Static blocks are used to initialize static variables
Static keyword can also be used to create nested classes
Example: public static int count;
Access modifiers control the visibility and accessibility of class members.
Public: accessible from anywhere
Private: accessible only within the class
Protected: accessible within the class and its subclasses
Default: accessible within the same package
Used to enforce encapsulation and prevent unauthorized access
Interface defines only method signatures while abstract class can have both method signatures and implementations.
An interface can be implemented by multiple classes while an abstract class can only be extended by one class.
An abstract class can have constructors while an interface cannot.
An abstract class can have instance variables while an interface cannot.
An abstract class can provide default implementations for so...
A program for login scenario using defined automation architecture.
Identify the elements on the login page such as username, password, and login button
Use automation tools like Selenium to interact with the elements and input data
Verify successful login by checking for expected elements on the landing page
Implement error handling for incorrect login credentials
Use a modular and scalable architecture for maintainability
To store and print numbers from an array using arrayList.
Create an arrayList object
Loop through the array and add each element to the arrayList using add() method
Print the arrayList using toString() method
Example: int[] arr = {1, 2, 3}; ArrayList
Test scenario for download functionality of a songs website
Verify that the download button is visible and clickable
Check that the downloaded file is in the correct format
Ensure that the downloaded file is not corrupted
Test the download speed for different file sizes
Verify that the download progress is displayed to the user
Cache stores data temporarily to reduce server load while cookies store user information for website personalization.
Cache stores frequently accessed data to reduce server load and improve website performance.
Cookies store user information such as login credentials, preferences, and shopping cart items.
Cache is temporary and can be cleared at any time, while cookies can have an expiration date.
Cache is stored on the us...
The question asks to input an array and print the repeating characters.
Iterate through the array and store each element in a hash table or dictionary.
If an element already exists in the hash table, it is a repeating character.
Print all the repeating characters found.
Program to find the second minimum in an array.
Sort the array and return the second element.
Initialize two variables to store minimum and second minimum values.
Loop through the array and update the variables accordingly.
To find the longest palindrome in a given string.
Iterate through the string and check for palindromes of odd and even lengths.
Keep track of the longest palindrome found so far.
Use two pointers to check if the substring is a palindrome.
If the substring is a palindrome and its length is greater than the current longest palindrome, update the longest palindrome.
Find the next higher number with equal number of ones in binary representation.
Convert input number to binary
Count number of ones in binary representation
Increment input number until binary representation has equal number of ones
Convert incremented number to decimal
Find the duplicate number in an array of 10 numbers with only 2 steps.
Use a hash set to keep track of visited numbers.
Iterate through the array and check if the number is already in the set.
If it is, then it is the duplicate number.
If not, add it to the set.
At the end, the duplicate number will be found.
Program to print elements of a linked list in reverse order using same single linked list
Traverse the linked list and push each element onto a stack
Pop elements from the stack and print them in reverse order
To check the occurrence and correctness of HTML tags, we can use various tools and techniques.
One way is to use a browser's developer tools to inspect the HTML code and see the tags and their frequency.
Another way is to use an online HTML validator tool that checks for correct syntax and tag usage.
We can also use programming languages like Python to parse HTML and count the occurrence of each tag.
Regular expressions ca...
Reverse a linked list using iterative and recursive methods.
Iterative method involves traversing the list and changing the pointers to reverse the order.
Recursive method involves calling the function recursively on the next node and changing the pointers.
Both methods have O(n) time complexity and O(1) space complexity.
Example: 1->2->3->4->5 becomes 5->4->3->2->1.
Clone a linked list with a random pointer.
Create a new node for each node in the original list.
Use a hash table to map the original nodes to their clones.
Iterate through the original list again and update the random pointers of the clone nodes.
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