SPEC INDIA Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is an abstract class?
Ans. 
An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods that must be implemented by its subclasses.
• Cannot be instantiated directly

• May contain abstract methods

• Used as a blueprint for other classes
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Q2. What is abstraction?
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Abstraction is the process of hiding complex details and showing only the essential features of an object or system.
• Abstraction allows us to focus on what an object does, rather than how it does it

• It helps in simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts

• Examples of abstraction include using a car without needing to understand its internal combustion engine, or using a smartphone
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Q3. Best sorting algo?time complexity of it?
Ans. 
QuickSort is one of the best sorting algorithms with an average time complexity of O(n log n).
• QuickSort is a divide and conquer algorithm that works by selecting a 'pivot' element and partitioning the array around the pivot.

• It has an average time complexity of O(n log n) and a worst-case time complexity of O(n^2).

• Example: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'date', 'fig'] can be sorted using QuickSort.

• Example: ['3', '1', '4'...read more
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Q4. You have been provided a sorted list time complexity achieved after we apply bubble sorting
Ans. 
Bubble sorting has a time complexity of O(n^2) for a sorted list.
• Bubble sorting has a worst-case time complexity of O(n^2) for a sorted list.

• The time complexity does not change even if the list is already sorted.

• Example: If we have a sorted list of size n, bubble sorting will still take O(n^2) time.
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Q1. Have you ever been to a state other than jharkhand?
Ans. 
Yes, I have been to multiple states other than Jharkhand.
• I have traveled to states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu for work and leisure.

• I have visited tourist destinations in states like Rajasthan, Kerala, and Himachal Pradesh.

• I have family in states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, which I have visited multiple times.
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Q1. What is the Java code for reversing a linked list?
Ans. 
Reversing a linked list in Java using iterative approach.
• Create three pointers: prev, current, and next.

• Iterate through the list, updating pointers to reverse the links.

• Return the new head of the reversed list.
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Q2. How do you handle the StaleElementReferenceException in your code?
Ans. 
Handle StaleElementReferenceException by re-locating the element before interacting with it.
• Use try-catch block to catch StaleElementReferenceException

• Re-locate the element using findElement method before interacting with it

• Use WebDriverWait to wait for the element to become stale
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Q1. Can you describe your project experiences?
Ans. 
I have worked on various projects involving test automation, performance testing, and quality assurance processes.
• Developed automated test scripts using Selenium WebDriver for web applications

• Conducted performance testing using JMeter to identify bottlenecks and optimize system performance

• Implemented quality assurance processes to ensure software meets requirements and standards

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams ...read more
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Q2. What is your strategy for designing an automation framework?
Ans. 
My strategy for designing an automation framework involves identifying key functionalities, selecting appropriate tools, creating reusable components, implementing robust error handling, and integrating with CI/CD pipelines.
• Identify key functionalities to be automated based on priority and impact on testing.

• Select appropriate tools and technologies based on the application under test and team expertise.

• Create reusable ...read more
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Q1. Coalesce, SQL Order of Execution
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Q2. Given a table with fields(id, name, salary, managerId) find out the managers who have atleast 5 reportees under him/her.
Ans. 
Use SQL query to count number of reportees for each manager and filter out those with atleast 5 reportees.
• Write a SQL query to count number of reportees for each manager using GROUP BY clause

• Add HAVING clause to filter out managers with atleast 5 reportees

• Example: SELECT managerId, COUNT(id) AS num_reportees FROM table_name GROUP BY managerId HAVING num_reportees >= 5
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Q3. How to manage large datasets in python
Ans. 
Use libraries like pandas and dask to efficiently manage large datasets in Python.
• Use pandas library for data manipulation and analysis.

• Use dask library for parallel computing and out-of-core processing.

• Optimize memory usage by loading data in chunks or using data types efficiently.

• Consider using cloud services like AWS S3 or Google BigQuery for storing and processing large datasets.
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Q4. Name few of the commonly used python libraries used by DA
Ans. 
Some commonly used Python libraries for Data Analysts are Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, and Scikit-learn.
• Pandas - used for data manipulation and analysis

• NumPy - used for numerical computing and working with arrays

• Matplotlib - used for data visualization

• Scikit-learn - used for machine learning and data mining
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Q1. What are Agile Values? Scrum Values? Scrum Ceremonies? Story Points?
Ans. 
Agile values include individuals and interactions over processes and tools, while Scrum values include commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect.
• Agile values prioritize individuals and interactions over processes and tools

• Scrum values include commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect

• Scrum ceremonies include Sprint Planning, Daily Standup, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective

• Story points are a unit of...read more
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Q2. As project manager what docs do you prepare? How do you contribute as a PM?
Ans. 
As a project manager, I prepare various documents such as project plans, schedules, budgets, risk assessments, and progress reports. I contribute by leading the team, managing resources, and ensuring project success.
• Prepare project plans outlining scope, objectives, deliverables, and timelines

• Create schedules to allocate tasks and track progress

• Develop budgets to manage project costs effectively

• Conduct risk assessments...read more
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Q3. Capacity? Velocity? etc Agile/Scrum-based questions (bookish) this round was taken by Rajni
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Q1. Megha took my final round and asked me questions about Agile/Scrum, Stroy Points (estimation).
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Q2. Ques on explaining Sprint Planning, Retro, Review, using Doc/Excel (screen sharing)
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Q3. Ques on Conflict and Resource Management, some scenario-based question.
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Q4. How will you make a low-performing resource a high-performing one?
Ans. 
Provide clear expectations, offer support and training, provide feedback and recognition, set goals and milestones.
• Clearly communicate expectations and goals to the resource.

• Offer support and training to help the resource improve their skills and knowledge.

• Provide regular feedback and recognition for progress made.

• Set specific goals and milestones to track improvement.

• Create a development plan with the resource to addr...read more
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Q5. Megha did not hire me because she felt I had adequate knowledge and practical experience. (insecurities) Anyway, good luck with your interview.
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Q6. What is Scrum of Scrums? What is PI planning?
Ans. 
Scrum of Scrums is a scaled agile framework where multiple Scrum teams coordinate their work. PI planning is a key event in SAFe where teams plan their work for the upcoming Program Increment.
• Scrum of Scrums involves representatives from each Scrum team meeting regularly to discuss dependencies and progress.

• PI planning is a two-day event where teams align on their objectives, dependencies, and priorities for the upcomi...read more
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1 hour online test ..

Q1. Programming related questions.
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Q1. DSA round (easy to medium)
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Q1. Technical+ hr round
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Q1. Technical questions.
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