SAP Quality Associate Interview Questions and Answers

Round 1: HackerRank Test (100 Minutes)
1 DSA question (medium level, binary search on answers)
20 technical questions (OS, DBMS, CN, and other CS fundamentals)
15 general aptitude and communication questions

Q1. What is static and dynamic binding in java
Ans. 
Static binding is resolved at compile time while dynamic binding is resolved at runtime in Java.
• Static binding is also known as early binding.

• Dynamic binding is also known as late binding.

• Example of static binding: method overloading.

• Example of dynamic binding: method overriding.
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Q2. Sort the linked list
Ans. 
Sorting a linked list involves rearranging the nodes in a specific order.
• Iterate through the linked list and compare each node with the next one

• Use a sorting algorithm like bubble sort, merge sort, or quick sort to rearrange the nodes

• Update the pointers to connect the nodes in the sorted order
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Q3. What are JAR files?
Ans. 
JAR files are Java Archive files that store multiple Java class files and related metadata.
• JAR files are used to package Java classes, resources, and metadata into a single file.

• They are commonly used for distributing Java libraries or applications.

• JAR files can be created using the 'jar' command in Java.

• They can also be executed using the 'java -jar' command.

• Example: mylibrary.jar contains all the class files and reso
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Q4. Singleton Class example
Ans. 
A Singleton class is a class that can only have one instance created at a time.
• Singleton classes are often used for managing resources that should only have one instance, such as a database connection.

• To implement a Singleton class, you typically make the constructor private and provide a static method to access the single instance.

• Example: Singleton class for logging system where only one instance of the logger is nee
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Q5. CAP Theorem and its trade-offs
Ans. 
CAP Theorem states that in a distributed system, it is impossible to simultaneously guarantee consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.
• Consistency: All nodes in the system have the same data at the same time.

• Availability: Every request gets a response, even if some nodes are down.

• Partition Tolerance: The system continues to operate despite network partitions.

• Trade-offs: In a distributed system, you can only h...read more
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Q6. Given 2–3 tables, wrote SQL queries based on joins and basic subqueries
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Q7. Explain wait() and signal()
Ans. 
wait() and signal() are functions used for synchronization in multithreading.
• wait() is used to make a thread wait until a certain condition is met

• signal() is used to wake up a waiting thread when the condition is met

• Example: Producer-consumer problem where producer signals consumer to consume when a new item is produced
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Q1. Design schema and draw ER diagram for Airport Management System
Ans. 
Airport Management System schema and ER diagram design
• Entities: Airport, Flight, Passenger, Employee, Schedule

• Attributes: Airport (code, name, location), Flight (number, destination, departure time), Passenger (name, age, contact info), Employee (ID, name, role), Schedule (flight number, date, time)

• Relationships: Airport has many Flights, Flight has many Passengers, Employee works at Airport, Flight has Schedule
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Q2. Normalize a given table; I normalized it up to 3NF.
Ans. 
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• Identify the functional dependencies in the table

• Eliminate partial dependencies by breaking the table into multiple tables

• Eliminate transitive dependencies by further breaking down the tables

• Ensure each table has a primary key and all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the primary key
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Q3. In-depth projects analysis
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Q1. Explain REST with examples
Ans. 
REST is an architectural style for designing networked applications
• REST stands for Representational State Transfer

• It uses standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

• Resources are identified by URIs

• Data is transferred in JSON or XML format

• Example: GET request to 'https://api.example.com/users' to retrieve a list of users
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Q2. Differences between PUT and POST, and write POST method
Ans. 
PUT is used to update or replace an existing resource, while POST is used to create a new resource.
• PUT is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests will have the same effect as a single request

• POST is not idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests may have different effects

• PUT is used to update an existing resource at a specific URI

• POST is used to create a new resource under a specific URI

• Example: PUT /users...read more
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Q3. Discussion about status codes
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Q4. Various HTTP requests and CRUD operations
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Q1. I don't know this
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Q2. I don't know this
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