Qualcomm Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. Function to write data to some memory location which can dynamically allocate memory and return the address details where data is present .
Ans. 
Function to dynamically allocate memory and write data to a memory location, returning the address details.
• Use malloc() or calloc() to dynamically allocate memory

• Use memcpy() or strcpy() to write data to the allocated memory

• Return the address details where data is present
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Q2. Memory Management and mapping in different scenarios.
Ans. 
Memory management involves allocating and deallocating memory efficiently, while mapping involves associating memory addresses with physical locations.
• Memory management is crucial for optimizing performance and preventing memory leaks.

• Mapping involves translating virtual memory addresses to physical memory locations.

• Different scenarios may require different memory management strategies, such as stack allocation vs heap...read more
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Q3. Program to find length of bits assigned in memory using recursion.
Ans. 
Program to find length of bits assigned in memory using recursion.
• Define a recursive function to count the bits in memory

• Base case: if input is 0, return 0

• Recursive case: return 1 + function(input / 2)
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Q1. Volatile usage w.r.t to gpio initialization, how volatile can help in overwriting compiler optimization.
Ans. 
Volatile keyword prevents compiler optimization by telling the compiler that the variable's value can change unexpectedly.
• Volatile keyword is used to indicate that a variable may be changed unexpectedly, such as in the case of hardware registers.

• When initializing GPIO pins, using volatile keyword ensures that the compiler does not optimize away the initialization code.

• Without volatile keyword, the compiler may optimize...read more
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Q2. Union usage for bit assignments.
Ans. 
Unions in C/C++ can be used for bit assignments by allowing multiple variables to share the same memory location.
• Unions allow different data types to be stored in the same memory location, which can be useful for bit manipulation.

• By defining a union with multiple variables of different data types, you can access the same memory location using different variable names.

• For example, you can use a union to access individua...read more
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Q3. Explain static const usage with an example .
Ans. 
static const is used to declare constants that are known at compile time and cannot be modified
• static const int MAX_SIZE = 100; // declaring a constant integer

• static const double PI = 3.14159; // declaring a constant double

• static const char* MESSAGE = "Hello, World!"; // declaring a constant string
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Q4. Program to find the sum of all the digital in the number .
Ans. 
Program to find the sum of all the digits in a number.
• Iterate through each digit in the number and add them together.

• Convert the number to a string to easily access each digit.

• Use modulo operator to extract each digit from the number.

• Handle negative numbers by taking the absolute value before processing.
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Q5. Create a linkedlist check if list is circular if not then reverse it .
Ans. 
Check if a linked list is circular, if not reverse it.
• Create two pointers, one moving at double the speed of the other to detect a cycle

• If a cycle is detected, the list is circular. If not, reverse the list by changing the pointers' directions
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Q1. Define Architecture to process real-time data .
Ans. 
Architecture to process real-time data involves designing systems that can efficiently collect, process, and analyze data in real-time.
• Utilize distributed systems to handle high volumes of data in real-time

• Implement stream processing frameworks like Apache Kafka or Apache Flink

• Use microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility

• Employ in-memory databases for fast data retrieval

• Ensure fault tolerance and data
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Q2. Various data filtering techniques.
Ans. 
Various data filtering techniques include sorting, grouping, aggregating, and applying filters based on specific criteria.
• Sorting: arranging data in a specific order, such as ascending or descending

• Grouping: categorizing data into distinct groups based on common attributes

• Aggregating: combining multiple data points into a single value, such as summing or averaging

• Filtering: selecting only the data that meets certain cr
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Q3. Mock code to initialize gpio using hal functions as well as write a function to set and clear gpio status .
Ans. 
Initialize and control GPIO using HAL functions in embedded systems.
• Use HAL_GPIO_Init() function to initialize GPIO pins

• Use HAL_GPIO_WritePin() function to set or clear GPIO status

• Example: HAL_GPIO_Init(&GPIO_InitStruct)

• Example: HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOx, GPIO_PIN_x, GPIO_PIN_SET)
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Q4. Structure which can take input as 0 or 1 , based on the input traverse the linkedlist and return the decimal equivalent of the traversed data .
Ans. 
Traverse a linked list based on input 0 or 1 to return decimal equivalent.
• Create a function that takes input 0 or 1 and traverses the linked list accordingly.

• For each node in the linked list, multiply the current decimal value by 2 and add the data of the node if input is 1.

• Return the final decimal value after traversing the linked list.
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Basic apptitude and digital and analog mcqs

Q1. Design a 3 input xor gate using 4:1mux
Ans. 
Use a 4:1 mux to create a 3 input XOR gate.
• Connect two of the inputs to the select lines of the mux.

• Connect the third input to one of the data inputs of the mux.

• Connect the other data input of the mux to the output of an XOR gate between the first two inputs.

• Use the output of the mux as the output of the 3 input XOR gate.
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Q1. Wasn't selected to hr round
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Q1. Introduce Yourself.
Ans. 
I am a dedicated Automation Engineer with a strong background in programming and problem-solving skills.
• Experienced in developing automated test scripts using tools like Selenium and Appium

• Proficient in programming languages such as Java, Python, and C#

• Skilled in identifying and resolving software defects to ensure high-quality products

• Familiar with Agile methodologies and continuous integration practices
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Q2. Basic programming and testing concepts.
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Q1. Detect endianness using C program
Ans. 
Detect endianness using C program
• Use a union to create a variable with a known value

• Check the value of the first byte to determine endianness

• Big endian systems store the most significant byte first

• Little endian systems store the least significant byte first

• Example: union { int i; char c; } u; u.i = 1; if (u.c == 1) { /* Little endian */ } else { /* Big endian */ }
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Q2. Count set bits using C
Ans. 
Count set bits in a number using C programming language.
• Use bitwise AND operation with 1 to check if the rightmost bit is set.

• Shift the number to the right by 1 bit each time to check all bits.

• Repeat the process until the number becomes 0, counting the set bits each time.
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Q1. Mostly on C, OS and wireless comm fundamentals.
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Q2. What does malloc return?
Ans. 
malloc returns a pointer to a block of memory allocated from the heap.
• malloc returns a void pointer (void*)

• The returned pointer can be cast to the desired data type

• If malloc fails to allocate memory, it returns NULL
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Q3. What is RTOS and how does it differ from OS?
Ans. 
RTOS stands for Real-Time Operating System. It is designed to handle time-sensitive tasks and provide deterministic behavior.
• RTOS is optimized for real-time applications that require precise timing and responsiveness.

• Unlike general-purpose operating systems, RTOS provides deterministic behavior, meaning tasks are guaranteed to be completed within a specific time frame.

• RTOS typically uses priority-based scheduling algor...read more
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Q4. Why not to use malloc?
Ans. 
malloc should be avoided due to potential memory leaks and security vulnerabilities.
• malloc does not initialize memory, leading to potential bugs and crashes.

• It does not provide any bounds checking, leading to buffer overflows.

• Memory allocated with malloc must be explicitly freed with free() to avoid memory leaks.

• Using malloc can be less efficient than using stack memory for small allocations.

• Alternatives like calloc() ...read more
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Q5. What happens at stack/memory level when a null ptr is dereferenced?
Ans. 
When a null pointer is dereferenced, it leads to a segmentation fault or access violation, causing the program to crash.
• Dereferencing a null pointer means trying to access the memory location pointed by the null pointer.

• This results in a segmentation fault or access violation, as the null pointer does not point to a valid memory address.

• The operating system detects the illegal memory access and terminates the program t...read more
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Q1. OOPs Concepts: Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance , Polymorphism
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Q2. Count number of elements in an array in python.
Ans. 
Use len() function to count number of elements in an array in Python.
• Use len() function with the array as argument to get the count of elements.

• Example: array = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] Count = len(array) # Output: 3
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Q3. Merge two arrays in sorted order.
Ans. 
Merge two sorted arrays nums1 and nums2 into nums1 in-place.
• Initialize pointers for nums1 and nums2 at the end of their elements

• Compare elements pointed by the two pointers and place larger element at end of nums1

• Repeat until all elements from nums2 have been merged into nums1
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Q4. Difference between list and tuple
Ans. 
List is mutable, tuple is immutable in Python.
• List can be modified after creation, tuple cannot.

• List is defined using square brackets [], tuple using parentheses ().

• List is used for collections of items that may change, tuple for fixed collections.

• Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3], tuple_example = (4, 5, 6)
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Q5. One regex question and one file handling question in python
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Psuedo code of binary search. and some OOPs concept.