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Medium level leetcide qsns
System design problems involve designing scalable and efficient software systems.
Identify the requirements and constraints of the system
Break down the system into smaller components
Consider scalability, reliability, and performance
Use appropriate data structures and algorithms
Design for fault tolerance and load balancing
I applied via Recruitment Consulltant and was interviewed before Apr 2023. There were 7 interview rounds.
Design a coffee machine with various functionalities like brewing different types of coffee, adding milk, and adjusting temperature.
Include options for different types of coffee (espresso, latte, cappuccino)
Allow users to add milk or cream to their coffee
Provide options to adjust the temperature of the coffee
Include a water reservoir for brewing coffee
Add a display screen for user interaction
I appeared for an interview in Jun 2017.
Ajax calls allow for asynchronous communication between client and server without reloading the page.
Ajax stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
Uses XMLHttpRequest object to send and receive data
Allows for partial page updates without reloading the entire page
Can handle data in various formats such as JSON, XML, HTML, and plain text
Example: $.ajax({url: 'example.com', success: function(data){console.log(data)}});
REST is lightweight and uses HTTP while SOAP is XML-based and has more features.
REST uses HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE while SOAP uses XML messaging.
REST is stateless while SOAP can maintain state.
REST is faster and easier to use while SOAP is more secure and reliable.
REST is used for web services while SOAP is used for enterprise-level services.
Example of REST: Twitter API. Example of SOAP: Amazon Web Serv
GET and POST are HTTP methods used for sending data to a server.
GET is used to retrieve data from a server
POST is used to submit data to a server
GET requests can be cached and bookmarked
POST requests are not cached and cannot be bookmarked
GET requests have length restrictions
POST requests have no length restrictions
GET requests are less secure than POST requests
Observer pattern is a design pattern in which an object maintains a list of its dependents and notifies them automatically of any state changes.
Also known as publish-subscribe pattern
Used in event-driven systems
Allows loose coupling between objects
Example: A weather station broadcasts weather updates to multiple displays
Example: A stock market ticker notifies multiple investors of stock price changes
Singleton is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a single object.
Singleton ensures that only one instance of a class exists in the entire application.
It provides a global point of access to the instance.
Commonly used in scenarios where a single instance needs to coordinate actions across the system.
Example: Database connection manager, logger, configuration manager.
Immutable in Java refers to objects whose state cannot be changed after creation.
String, Integer, and other wrapper classes are immutable in Java.
Immutable objects are thread-safe and can be shared without synchronization.
To create an immutable class, make all fields final and private, and don't provide setters.
Examples of immutable classes in Java include LocalDate, LocalTime, and LocalDateTime.
Creating immutable in Java
Use final keyword to make variables immutable
Use private constructor to prevent object modification
Use defensive copying to prevent modification of mutable objects
Use enum to create immutable objects
Use String class to create immutable strings
Dependency injection is a design pattern that allows objects to receive dependencies rather than creating them internally.
It helps to decouple the code and makes it more testable and maintainable.
It allows for easier swapping of dependencies without changing the code.
There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.
Example: Instead of creating a database co...
CORS stands for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing. It is a security feature implemented in web browsers to restrict access to resources from different origins.
CORS allows web servers to specify which origins are allowed to access its resources
It is implemented using HTTP headers
CORS prevents malicious websites from accessing sensitive data from other websites
Examples of resources that may be restricted by CORS include cook
CORS can be overcome by configuring the server to allow cross-origin requests.
Configure the server to include the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header
Use JSONP (JSON with Padding) to bypass CORS restrictions
Use a proxy server to make the request on behalf of the client
Use a browser extension to disable CORS restrictions during development
Use a server-side proxy to forward requests to the target server
I appeared for an interview in Dec 2017.
To find the maximum water pond formed between buildings.
Identify the lowest point between the buildings.
Calculate the area of the pond using the distance between the buildings and the depth of the pond.
Consider any obstacles or uneven ground that may affect the pond's shape.
Use a surveying tool or satellite imagery to get accurate measurements.
Take into account any drainage systems or natural water flow that may affect
Design a dictionary using trie with insert, update and delete operations.
Implement a Trie data structure with nodes containing a character and a boolean flag to indicate end of word
For insert operation, traverse the trie and add nodes for each character in the word
For update operation, delete the existing word and insert the updated word
For delete operation, mark the end of word flag as false and delete the node if it ...
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Sep 2016. There were 4 interview rounds.
I am a passionate software developer with experience in Java, Python, and web development.
Experienced in Java, Python, and web development technologies
Strong problem-solving skills
Team player with excellent communication skills
My resume highlights my experience in software development and showcases my skills in various programming languages and technologies.
Worked on multiple projects using Java, Python, and C++
Developed web applications using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Experience with databases such as MySQL and MongoDB
Familiarity with Agile methodology and version control systems like Git
Participated in hackathons and coding competitions
I want to go for VISA to explore new opportunities and gain international experience.
To gain exposure to different cultures and work environments
To expand my skill set and learn new technologies
To work on challenging projects and contribute to the growth of the company
To build a global network of professionals and enhance my career prospects
A binary tree is a data structure in which each node has at most two children.
Start with a root node
Each node has a left and right child
Nodes can be added or removed
Traversal can be done in-order, pre-order, or post-order
Code a basic linked list
Create a Node class with data and next pointer
Create a LinkedList class with head pointer
Implement methods to add, delete, and search nodes in the linked list
A circular linked list is a data structure where the last node points back to the first node, forming a loop.
Create a Node class with data and next pointer
Initialize the head node and set its next pointer to itself
To add a node, create a new node and set its next pointer to the head node's next pointer, then update the head node's next pointer to the new node
To traverse the circular linked list, start from the head nod...
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Dec 2016. There were 5 interview rounds.
Implement Binary Search Tree using given array of strings.
Sort the array in ascending order
Find the middle element and make it the root of the tree
Recursively create left and right subtrees using the left and right halves of the array
Repeat until all elements are added to the tree
Print the given Binary search tree in ascending order
Traverse the left subtree recursively
Print the root node
Traverse the right subtree recursively
Find buy and sell points for maximum profit in an array of stock prices in O(n)
Iterate through the array and keep track of the minimum price seen so far
Calculate the profit at each index by subtracting the minimum price from the current price
Update the maximum profit and buy/sell points accordingly
Return the buy and sell points for maximum profit
Chennai faces problems related to water scarcity, traffic congestion, and pollution.
Water scarcity due to inadequate rainfall and poor management of water resources.
Traffic congestion due to the increasing number of vehicles and poor road infrastructure.
Pollution caused by industries, vehicular emissions, and improper waste disposal.
Need more context on the question to provide an answer.
Please provide more information on the problem to be solved.
Without context, it is difficult to provide a solution.
Can you please provide more details on the problem statement?
Visa is a global payments technology company that connects consumers, businesses, banks and governments in more than 200 countries and territories.
Visa operates the world's largest retail electronic payments network.
VisaNet, the company's global processing system, handles more than 65,000 transaction messages a second.
Visa is constantly innovating to improve payment security and convenience, with initiatives such as Vi...
Developed a web application using Python and Django framework for managing inventory and sales.
Used Python programming language for backend development
Implemented Django framework for building web application
Designed database schema for inventory and sales data
Integrated frontend using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Implemented user authentication and authorization features
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