200+ Interview Questions and Answers

The extensively used motor in general is the induction motor (I.M).

• Induction motors are widely used in various applications due to their simplicity, reliability, and low cost.

• They are used in industries for driving pumps, compressors, conveyors, and other machinery.

• They are also used in household appliances such as washing machines, refrigerators, and air conditioners.

• Induction motors are preferred over other types of motors because they require less maintenance and have a lo...read more

Constructing a dam in Mizoram: expected problems and logistics.

• Environmental impact assessment

• Land acquisition and compensation

• Design and engineering challenges

• Transportation of heavy equipment and materials

• Availability of skilled labor

• Power supply and communication infrastructure

• Community engagement and consultation

• Cost and funding sources

Step up and step down transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltage in electrical systems.

• Step up transformers increase the voltage from the input to the output.

• Step down transformers decrease the voltage from the input to the output.

• Step up transformers have more turns in the secondary coil than in the primary coil.

• Step down transformers have fewer turns in the secondary coil than in the primary coil.

• Step up transformers are used in power transmission to increase...read more

Explanation of 4 wheel drive and transverse/longitudinal mounting in vehicles.

• 4 wheel drive distributes power to all four wheels for better traction and off-road capabilities

• Transverse mounting places the engine perpendicular to the direction of travel, commonly found in front-wheel drive vehicles

• Longitudinal mounting places the engine parallel to the direction of travel, commonly found in rear-wheel drive vehicles

• The type of drive (front-wheel, rear-wheel, or all-wheel) can ...read more

Crawling and rolling are different locomotive motions. Crawling is not efficient for locomotives due to friction and stability issues.

• Crawling involves dragging the body along the ground using limbs, while rolling involves rotating the body along a surface.

• Crawling is not efficient for locomotives due to the high friction between the body and the ground, which requires more energy to move.

• Rolling is more efficient for locomotives as it reduces friction and allows for greater ...read more

Drawing a sketch of a system with super heating, explaining processes, work output, and heat input.

• Draw a diagram of the system

• Identify the processes involved

• Explain the super heating process

• Determine the work output

• Locate the heat input

• Provide detailed explanations for each step

Steel structures are preferred in situations where high strength, durability, and resistance to environmental factors are required.

• In high-rise buildings and skyscrapers

• In bridges and other transportation infrastructure

• In industrial facilities and warehouses

• In offshore structures and oil rigs

• In areas with high seismic activity or extreme weather conditions

• When quick construction is required

• When cost-effectiveness is a priority

Precautions for connecting transformers in parallel

• Ensure that the transformers have the same voltage ratio and phase sequence

• Use transformers with similar impedance values

• Install a synchronizing device to ensure that the transformers are in phase

• Provide separate circuit breakers for each transformer

• Ensure that the transformers have similar temperature rise characteristics

• Use transformers with the same vector group

• Ensure that the transformers have similar no-load losses and s...read more

Condensation is the process of converting steam into water. Cooling towers are used to cool down hot water. Superheated steam is used for efficiency.

• Condensation is the process of changing the state of steam into water by removing heat.

• Cooling towers are used to cool down hot water by releasing the heat into the atmosphere.

• Superheated steam is used because it has a higher energy content and is more efficient for power generation.

• The superheated steam is passed through a turbi...read more

Slip is the difference between synchronous and rotor speed. Sync speed depends on no of poles.

• Slip is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed in an AC motor.

• Synchronous speed is the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator of the motor.

• Sync speed depends on the number of poles in the motor.

• The formula for synchronous speed is (120 x frequency) / number of poles.

• For example, a 4-pole motor operating at 60 Hz has a synchronous speed of 1800 RPM.

The SAE Baja car uses 22x11-8 tires with a knobby tread pattern for better traction.

• The SAE Baja car uses 22x11-8 tires

• The tires have a knobby tread pattern

• The knobby tread pattern provides better traction

ST power plants use a Rankine cycle with a typical efficiency of 30-40%.

• ST power plants use a steam turbine to generate electricity

• The Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle used to convert heat into work

• Efficiency of the cycle depends on the temperature difference between the heat source and the cooling medium

• Typical efficiency of ST power plants is 30-40%

• Efficiency can be improved by using higher temperature and pressure steam

2 and 4 wheel drive refers to the number of wheels that receive power from the engine. 4 wheel drive is used in off-road vehicles.

• 2 wheel drive means that only two wheels receive power from the engine, usually the front or rear wheels.

• 4 wheel drive means that power is distributed to all four wheels, providing better traction and control in off-road conditions.

• 4 wheel drive is commonly used in SUVs, trucks, and other off-road vehicles.

• Some vehicles have the option to switch be...read more

Protection of generator is necessary to prevent damage and ensure safe operation.

• Generator protection prevents damage to the generator and other equipment in the system.

• It ensures safe operation by detecting faults and tripping the generator before damage occurs.

• Drawing power from the bus bar does not guarantee protection against faults in the generator.

• Examples of generator protection include overcurrent protection, differential protection, and overvoltage protection.

We use step-up transformers to reduce power loss during transmission by increasing voltage and decreasing current.

• Step-up transformers increase voltage and decrease current, which reduces power loss during transmission.

• This is because power loss is proportional to the square of the current, so reducing current reduces power loss.

• For example, power is transmitted over long distances at high voltages (e.g. 500 kV) to reduce power loss.

• Step-down transformers are used at the end ...read more

CWIP stands for Capital Work in Progress. It is reported in the financial statement as a separate line item under Fixed Assets.

• CWIP represents the cost of assets that are under construction or in the process of being installed.

• It includes expenses such as labor, materials, and overheads.

• Once the asset is completed, it is transferred to the appropriate fixed asset category.

• CWIP is reported in the balance sheet as a separate line item under Fixed Assets.

• It is important to monit...read more

The speed of I.M decreases if load is increased.

• Increased load leads to increased resistance, which slows down the speed of I.M.

• The motor may also overheat and slow down due to increased load.

• Examples include a drill slowing down when drilling through a harder material or a fan slowing down when obstructed.

Technical problems faced by C&I Technicians and their solutions

• Calibration issues with instruments: Regularly calibrating instruments and ensuring proper maintenance can solve this problem.

• Electrical faults: Conducting regular inspections and preventive maintenance can help identify and fix electrical faults.

• Software glitches: Keeping software up to date and troubleshooting any issues can resolve software glitches.

• Communication problems: Ensuring proper communication protocol...read more

Hydro-power plants use synchronous generators.

• Synchronous generators are commonly used in hydro-power plants.

• These generators are connected to turbines which convert the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy.

• The mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy by the synchronous generators.

• The generators are designed to operate at a constant speed to maintain the frequency of the electrical output.

• The size and capacity of the generators depend on the size a...read more

To calibrate a pressure gauge, switch, and transmitter, follow these steps:

• Ensure the equipment is clean and free from any debris

• Check the manufacturer's instructions for specific calibration procedures

• Use a known reference pressure source to apply a known pressure to the equipment

• Compare the readings on the equipment to the reference pressure and make necessary adjustments

• Repeat the process at different pressure levels to ensure accuracy

• Document the calibration results for f...read more

Generators are protected by various measures to ensure safety and prevent damage.

• Circuit breakers to prevent overloading

• Ground fault circuit interrupters to prevent electrocution

• Automatic shut-off switches for low oil pressure or high temperature

• Enclosures to protect from weather and tampering

• Surge protectors to prevent damage from power surges

Variable frequency drives are electronic devices used to control the speed of electric motors.

• They are also known as VFDs or inverters.

• They can save energy by adjusting the motor speed to match the load.

• They are commonly used in HVAC systems, pumps, and conveyor belts.

• They can improve motor performance and reduce wear and tear.

• They can be programmed to provide specific motor control functions.

There are several types of dampings in case of vibration, including viscous damping, hysteretic damping, and structural damping.

• Viscous damping: It occurs when a fluid or viscous material is used to dissipate energy and reduce vibration.

• Hysteretic damping: It is caused by the internal friction within a material, which converts mechanical energy into heat.

• Structural damping: It is inherent in the structure itself and is a result of the material's internal damping properties.

• Ot...read more

Yes, we can tap lightning power.

• Lightning power can be harnessed through the use of lightning rods and conductive materials.

• The time it takes to tap lightning power depends on various factors such as location, infrastructure, and technology.

• Advancements in technology have made it possible to capture and store lightning power for later use.

• Examples of tapping lightning power include the use of lightning farms and lightning-based energy storage systems.

Differential is the process of finding the rate of change of a quantity with respect to another related quantity.

• It is used in calculus to find the derivative of a function.

• It involves finding the limit of the difference quotient as the change in the independent variable approaches zero.

• For example, the differential of y = x^2 is dy/dx = 2x.

• Differential equations are used to model many physical phenomena, such as the motion of objects and the flow of fluids.

Upgrading the system to pickup resume data and synchronize to required jobs is a good idea.

• Upgrading the system can save time and effort in manually inputting data.

• It can also reduce errors and improve accuracy.

• Examples of systems that do this include applicant tracking systems and job matching software.

• However, it is important to ensure that the system is secure and protects sensitive information.

• Regular maintenance and updates are also necessary to ensure the system functio...read more

Latest trends in communication include 5G, IoT, AI, and cloud computing. 3G, GPS, and GSM are existing technologies.

• 5G is the latest wireless communication technology that promises faster speeds and lower latency.

• IoT (Internet of Things) is the interconnectivity of devices and objects through the internet.

• AI (Artificial Intelligence) is being used to improve communication through chatbots and voice assistants.

• Cloud computing allows for remote storage and access to data and ap...read more

A green building is a sustainable and energy-efficient building that minimizes its impact on the environment.

• Green buildings use renewable energy sources like solar power

• They are designed to reduce energy consumption and waste production

• They use eco-friendly materials and technologies

• Examples include LEED-certified buildings and net-zero energy buildings

The speed torque characteristics of I.M can be represented by a graph showing the relationship between speed and torque.

• The graph shows that as the torque increases, the speed decreases.

• The maximum torque occurs at zero speed, which is known as the stall torque.

• The maximum speed occurs at zero torque, which is known as the no-load speed.

• The slope of the curve represents the motor's torque capability.

• The shape of the curve depends on the motor's design and the type of load it ...read more

Brayton and Carnot cycles are thermodynamic cycles used in power generation. They can be explained using PV and TS diagrams.

• Brayton cycle is used in gas turbine engines while Carnot cycle is an idealized cycle.

• In a Brayton cycle, air is compressed, heated, expanded, and then exhausted to produce work.

• The PV diagram of a Brayton cycle consists of four processes: isentropic compression, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant pressure heat rejection....read more

Modes of heat transfer include conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between objects or substances.

• Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids or gases.

• Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

• The governing laws for each mode of heat transfer are as follows:

• - Conduction: Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction

• - Convection: Newton's Law of Cooling

• - Radiation: Stefan-Boltzmann Law

• Exa...read more

Steam exhauster blades break at welding joint due to corrosion.

• Corrosion weakens the welding joint, leading to blade breakage.

• Moisture and high temperatures in steam exhausters promote corrosion.

• Corrosion can occur due to improper material selection or inadequate protective coatings.

• Examples of corrosion include pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.

• Regular inspection and maintenance can help prevent corrosion-related blade failures.

MAT is Minimum Alternate Tax which is a tax levied on companies that have zero or low tax liabilities.

• MAT is applicable to companies that have claimed deductions and exemptions, resulting in zero or low tax liabilities.

• MAT rate is 18.5% of book profits.

• MAT credit can be carried forward for up to 15 years.

• MAT reporting is done in the financial statement under the head 'Provisions and Contingencies'.

Footings of transmission tower support columns are subjected to vertical, horizontal, and moment loads. When the transmission line snaps, the load on the footing decreases.

• Vertical loads are due to the weight of the tower and the weight of the transmission line.

• Horizontal loads are due to wind pressure and unbalanced tension in the transmission line.

• Moment loads are due to the eccentricity of the vertical loads.

• When the transmission line snaps, the load on the footing decreas...read more

A power plant generates electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy using a generator. The speed of the generator is controlled by a device called a governor.

• A power plant uses a fuel source, such as coal, natural gas, or nuclear energy, to heat water and produce steam.

• The steam drives a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity.

• The speed of the generator is controlled by a device called a governor, which regulates the amount ...read more

Bourdon tube is a mechanical device used to measure pressure in various applications.

• It is a type of pressure gauge that consists of a curved tube that expands or contracts based on the pressure applied to it.

• The tube is connected to a pointer that moves along a calibrated scale to indicate the pressure.

• Bourdon tubes are commonly used in industrial applications such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and HVAC systems.

• They are also used in medical equipment such as blood pre...read more

The size of instruments can vary depending on their purpose. CRC and WD40 are both types of lubricants commonly used in maintenance and repair work.

• Instrument size can range from small handheld devices to large machinery.

• CRC is a brand that produces various types of lubricants, cleaners, and corrosion inhibitors.

• WD40 is a specific type of lubricant known for its ability to displace moisture and prevent rust.

• Both CRC and WD40 are commonly used in industrial settings for mainte...read more

The position of cylinders and switch valves in a C&I Technician role is crucial for controlling and regulating fluid flow in industrial processes.

• Cylinders and switch valves are typically positioned strategically along pipelines and equipment to control the flow of fluids or gases.

• The position of cylinders and switch valves depends on the specific process requirements and the desired control parameters.

• Cylinders are often placed near actuators or mechanical devices that requi...read more

Insulation can be categorized into three types: thermal, acoustic, and electrical.

• Thermal insulation is used to reduce heat transfer between objects with different temperatures.

• Acoustic insulation is used to reduce sound transmission between spaces.

• Electrical insulation is used to prevent electric current from flowing through conductive materials.

• Examples of thermal insulation include fiberglass, foam board, and cellulose.

• Examples of acoustic insulation include mineral wool, ...read more

The gas turbine cycle is used for power generation from gas.

• Gas turbine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that converts the energy of a fuel gas into mechanical energy.

• It involves the compression of air, combustion of fuel, and expansion of hot gases to drive a turbine.

• Examples of gas turbine power plants include natural gas power plants and combined cycle power plants.

To tackle vibrations in axial fans, proper balancing, alignment, and maintenance are essential.

• Perform dynamic balancing of the fan blades to minimize vibrations.

• Ensure proper alignment of the fan with the motor and the surrounding structure.

• Regularly inspect and maintain the fan components to prevent wear and tear.

• Use vibration analysis techniques to identify and address any potential issues.

• Consider installing vibration isolation mounts or dampers to reduce vibrations trans...read more

Power steering is a system that helps drivers steer their vehicles more easily by using hydraulic or electric power.

• Power steering uses a pump to pressurize hydraulic fluid or an electric motor to assist with steering.

• The system senses the amount of force applied to the steering wheel and adjusts the level of assistance accordingly.

• Power steering can be found in most modern cars and trucks.

• Without power steering, it would be much more difficult to turn the steering wheel, esp...read more

The efficiency of a turbine is less due to various factors such as friction, heat losses, and mechanical losses.

• Friction between the moving parts of the turbine reduces its efficiency.

• Heat losses occur due to the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy.

• Mechanical losses include losses in bearings, seals, and other components.

• Efficiency equation: Efficiency = (Useful output energy / Input energy) * 100%

When command or feedback is not received, I follow a systematic process to identify and resolve the issue.

• Check the communication channels for any disruptions or malfunctions

• Verify the connections and wiring to ensure they are properly connected

• Inspect the equipment for any faults or errors

• Troubleshoot the control system or software for any issues

• Collaborate with other technicians or experts to gather insights and potential solutions

• Implement necessary repairs or adjustments ...read more

UPS stands for United Parcel Service. It is a package delivery company used for shipping and logistics worldwide.

• UPS is a global package delivery and logistics company.

• It was founded in 1907 in Seattle, Washington.

• UPS delivers over 20 million packages and documents daily.

• It offers a range of services including air, ground, and freight shipping.

• UPS is used by individuals and businesses for shipping and logistics needs.

My high CPI is a result of my consistent hard work and dedication towards my academics.

• I have always been passionate about learning and have consistently put in efforts to excel in my academics.

• I have maintained a disciplined study routine and have always been proactive in seeking help from my teachers and peers.

• I have also actively participated in extracurricular activities, which have helped me develop a well-rounded personality.

• My high CPI is a reflection of my commitment ...read more

A circuit breaker is an electrical switch that automatically interrupts the flow of current in a circuit.

• It is designed to protect electrical circuits from damage caused by excessive current or short circuits.

• When the current exceeds a certain limit, the circuit breaker trips and interrupts the flow of electricity.

• It can be manually reset after tripping or may automatically reset once the fault is cleared.

• Circuit breakers are commonly used in residential, commercial, and indu...read more

Accident investigation is the process of analyzing incidents to determine their causes and prevent future occurrences.

• Accident investigation involves gathering information, examining evidence, and interviewing witnesses to understand the sequence of events leading to an accident.

• It helps identify root causes, such as equipment failure, human error, or unsafe work practices.

• By understanding the causes, organizations can implement corrective actions to prevent similar accidents...read more

To establish a 100MW power plant, preliminary steps include site selection, obtaining permits, securing financing, designing the plant, and procuring equipment.

• Site selection for optimal location and access to necessary resources

• Obtaining permits and approvals from local authorities and regulatory bodies

• Securing financing through investors or financial institutions

• Designing the power plant layout and infrastructure

• Procuring equipment such as turbines, generators, transformers...read more

Mounting refers to the process of attaching or fixing something in a specific position, while accessories are additional items that enhance or complement the main object or system.

• Mounting involves securing or affixing an object to a surface or structure.

• Accessories are optional components that provide added functionality or aesthetic appeal.

• Mounting is typically a permanent or semi-permanent attachment, while accessories can be easily added or removed.

• Examples of mounting in...read more

RTD and thermocouples are used to measure temperature in different ways.

• RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) measures temperature by sensing the change in electrical resistance of a metal wire as temperature changes.

• Thermocouples measure temperature by utilizing the principle of the Seebeck effect, which generates a voltage when two dissimilar metals are joined at two different temperatures.

• To calculate temperature using an RTD, the resistance value is measured and then conv...read more

Parameters of transmission line include resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance.

• Resistance: opposition to the flow of current

• Inductance: ability to store energy in a magnetic field

• Capacitance: ability to store energy in an electric field

• Conductance: ability to conduct electric current

• Examples: coaxial cable, waveguide, twisted pair cable

Yes, cast iron can be welded.

• Cast iron can be welded using various welding techniques such as stick welding, MIG welding, and TIG welding.

• However, it is important to preheat the cast iron before welding to prevent cracking.

• Cast iron welding requires special electrodes and filler materials.

• Welding cast iron can be challenging due to its high carbon content and brittleness.

• It is recommended to seek professional help for welding cast iron.

Turbo generators are machines that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy using a turbine and a generator.

• They are commonly used in power plants to generate electricity.

• The turbine is driven by steam or gas, which in turn rotates the generator.

• They can produce large amounts of electricity quickly and efficiently.

• Examples include gas turbines, steam turbines, and hydro turbines.

• They are often used in conjunction with other power generation methods, such as solar or w...read more

A transformer works by transferring electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.

• Transformers consist of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary coils, wrapped around a core made of iron or other magnetic materials.

• When an alternating current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field which induces a voltage in the secondary coil.

• The ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of tu...read more

Vacuum is needed in turbines to create a pressure difference that drives the turbine blades and generates power.

• Vacuum creates a pressure difference that drives the turbine blades.

• The pressure difference causes the blades to rotate, converting kinetic energy into mechanical energy.

• The mechanical energy is then used to generate power.

• Vacuum is necessary for efficient turbine operation and power generation.

Increasing livelihood opportunities in rural areas can be achieved through various measures.

• Providing access to credit and financial services for small businesses and farmers

• Investing in infrastructure such as roads, electricity, and water supply

• Promoting entrepreneurship and skill development programs

• Encouraging value addition and processing of local produce

• Creating market linkages and improving supply chain management

• Supporting community-based tourism and eco-tourism initia...read more

FT stands for Financial Times, a leading international daily newspaper focused on business and economic news.

• FT is a renowned newspaper known for its in-depth coverage of financial and economic topics.

• It provides analysis, insights, and news on global markets, companies, and economies.

• FT is trusted by professionals, investors, and decision-makers for its accurate and reliable reporting.

• The newspaper offers a wide range of content including articles, opinion pieces, and specia...read more

A level transmitter is a device used to measure the level of a substance in a tank or vessel.

• There are various types of level transmitters, including ultrasonic, radar, capacitance, and differential pressure transmitters.

• Ultrasonic level transmitters use sound waves to measure the distance between the transmitter and the substance's surface.

• Radar level transmitters use radio waves to determine the level of the substance.

• Capacitance level transmitters measure the change in cap...read more