4000+ Infosys Interview Questions and Answers

The problem involves determining the number of distinct ways to climb from the 0th to the Nth stair by climbing one or two steps at a time.

• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.

• Define a recursive function to calculate the number of ways to reach each stair based on the number of ways to reach the previous two stairs.

• Consider base cases for 0th and 1st stair.

• Keep track of the number of ways modulo 10^9+7 to avoid overflow issues.

Find the sum of the subarray with the maximum sum among all subarrays in an array of integers.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum sum subarray encountered so far.

• Use Kadane's algorithm to efficiently find the maximum subarray sum.

• Consider the sum of an empty subarray as 0.

Count the number of unique strings in an array by allowing swapping of characters at odd and even indices.

• Iterate through each string in the array and check if it can be transformed into another string by swapping characters at odd and even indices.

• Keep track of unique strings using a set data structure.

• Return the size of the set as the number of unique strings.

The task is to determine if the given string of parentheses is balanced or not.

• Use a stack to keep track of opening parentheses

• When encountering a closing parenthesis, check if it matches the top of the stack

• If the stack is empty or the parentheses do not match, the string is not balanced

• Return 'YES' if all parentheses are balanced, 'NO' otherwise

Choose at most N/2 elements from an array A of N elements and find XOR of all the chosen elements.

• Choose the N/2 largest elements to maximize the XOR value.

• Use a priority queue to efficiently select the largest elements.

• If N is small, brute force all possible combinations of N/2 elements.

Find pairs of elements in an array that sum up to a given value, sorted in a specific order.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the complement (S - current element) exists in a hash set.

• If the complement exists, add the pair to the result list.

• Sort the result list based on the criteria mentioned in the question.

• Return the sorted list of pairs.

OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together in a single unit.

• Inheritance: Acquiring properties and behavior of a parent class by a child class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take many forms.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary information.

• Example: A car is an object that encapsulates data like speed, fuel, and functions like start, stop, and accel...read more

Generate all possible non-empty subsets of an array of distinct integers.

• Use recursion to generate subsets by including or excluding each element in the array.

• Maintain a current subset and add it to the result when reaching the end of the array.

• Ensure elements within each subset are in increasing order.

• Handle the input and output format as specified in the question.

• Consider edge cases like empty array or array with only one element.

Exception is a runtime error that can be handled, while error is a severe issue that cannot be handled.

• Exceptions are caused by the program logic, while errors are caused by external factors like hardware failure or network issues.

• Exceptions can be caught and handled using try-catch blocks, while errors require fixing the underlying issue.

• Example of exception: NullPointerException. Example of error: Out of Memory Error.

• To solve errors in code deployment, identify the root cau...read more

My strong point is Java. I have a good understanding of inheritance, modularity, and abstraction. I also have knowledge of C++.

• Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a new class is derived from an existing class. Types of inheritance are single, multiple, multilevel, and hierarchical.

• C++ is a compiled language while Java is an interpreted language. C++ supports operator overloading while Java does not.

• Modularity in C++ is achieved through the use of header files and namespac...read more

String should be preferred for frequent updates due to its immutability.

• String is immutable, so every update creates a new instance, leading to memory overhead.

• StringBuffer is mutable and allows for efficient updates without creating new instances.

• Use StringBuffer when frequent updates are required to avoid unnecessary memory allocation.

• Example: StringBuffer is preferred for building dynamic strings in loops.

Determine if it is possible to divide a string into three non-empty substrings where one is a substring of the other two.

• Check if any substring of the string is a substring of the other two substrings.

• Iterate through all possible divisions of the string into three non-empty substrings.

• Use two pointers to find all possible substrings efficiently.

To achieve NlogN complexity in the worst case, we can implement the randomized version of quicksort algorithm.

• Randomly select a pivot element to reduce the chances of worst-case scenarios.

• Implement a hybrid sorting algorithm like Introsort which switches to heap sort when the recursion depth exceeds a certain limit.

• Use median-of-three partitioning to select a good pivot element for better performance.

• Optimize the algorithm by using insertion sort for small subarrays to reduce...read more

Implement a Trie data structure supporting insertion and search operations for words.

• Create a TrieNode class with a dictionary to store children nodes.

• Implement insert(word) by iterating through each character of the word and creating nodes if necessary.

• Implement search(word) by traversing the Trie and checking for the presence of the word.

• Use a boolean flag in TrieNode to mark the end of a word.

• Handle Type 1 and Type 2 queries accordingly in the main program.

Implement the merge sort algorithm to sort a singly linked list of integers.

• Divide the linked list into two halves recursively

• Merge the sorted halves using the merge() function

• Implement the merge() function to merge two sorted subarrays

• Ensure the constraints are met for input elements

• Return the sorted linked list for each test case

Implement a function to compress a string by replacing consecutive characters with the character followed by the count of repetitions.

• Iterate through the input string and keep track of consecutive characters and their counts

• Replace consecutive characters with the character followed by the count of repetitions if count is greater than 1

• Return the compressed string

Group anagrams in a list of strings and return them as separate groups.

• Iterate through the list of strings and sort each string to find anagrams.

• Use a hashmap to group anagrams together based on their sorted versions.

• Return the grouped anagrams as separate lists of strings.

The task is to determine the number of distinct islands in a grid of 0s and 1s connected horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.

• Iterate through the grid and for each '1' encountered, perform a depth-first search to mark all connected '1's as visited.

• Use a set to store the unique shapes of islands encountered during the traversal.

• Return the size of the set as the total number of distinct islands in the grid.

Interview questions for SAP Fico Consultant

• Journal entry for Purchase with GST involves debiting the Purchases account and crediting the Input GST account

• Ind AS stands for Indian Accounting Standards, one of which is Ind AS 116 on Leases

• SAP is a software company that provides enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations

• ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning, a software system that integrates business processes and data

• IT industry offers opport...read more

AWS services, S3 storage types, troubleshooting web server, DNS hosting, static hosting, IAM policies, load balancers, NAT gateway

• Used EC2, S3, RDS, Lambda, CloudFront, etc.

• S3 storage types: Standard, Infrequent Access, Glacier

• Check server logs, network connectivity, security groups, etc.

• DNS hosting can be achieved using Route 53

• Static hosting is used to host static websites using S3 and CloudFront

• Roles define permissions for AWS resources, service rules define access to spec...read more

INNER JOIN returns only the matching rows between two tables, while OUTER JOIN returns all rows from one table and matching rows from the other.

• INNER JOIN is used to retrieve rows from both tables that have matching values based on a specified condition.

• OUTER JOIN is used to retrieve all rows from one table and only matching rows from the other table.

• Types of OUTER JOIN include LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

• Example: INNER JOIN would return a list of students who have r...read more

Integrity rules in a DBMS ensure data accuracy, consistency, and reliability.

• Constraints like primary key, foreign key, unique key enforce data integrity

• Referential integrity ensures relationships between tables are maintained

• Entity integrity ensures each row has a unique identifier

• Domain integrity enforces valid data types and values

• Check constraints validate data before insertion or update

Generate all valid parentheses combinations for a given number of pairs.

• Use backtracking to generate all possible combinations of parentheses.

• Keep track of the number of open and close parentheses used.

• Add '(' if there are remaining open parentheses, and add ')' if there are remaining close parentheses.

• Stop when the length of the generated string is equal to 2*N.

Windows app dev is for desktops, web dev is for browsers.

• Windows app dev is for desktop operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux.

• Web dev is for browsers and can be accessed from any device with an internet connection.

• Windows app dev uses GUI frameworks like Windows Forms or WPF.

• Web dev uses web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• Examples of Windows apps include Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop.

• Examples of web apps include Facebook and Google Maps.

Given an array of prime numbers representing switches and an integer K, find the Kth glowing bulb when all switches are turned on.

• Iterate through each prime number in the array and calculate the number of bulbs that will glow for each prime number.

• Keep track of the total number of glowing bulbs as you iterate through the array.

• Once the total number of glowing bulbs exceeds or equals K, calculate the Kth glowing bulb based on the last prime number that was considered.

Given an array of 0s and 1s, find the maximum count of 1s by flipping a sub-array at most once.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum count of 1s seen so far.

• If the current element is 0, consider flipping the sub-array from the previous 1 to the current 0.

• Update the maximum count of 1s if flipping the sub-array results in a higher count.

• Return the maximum count of 1s obtained after considering all possible sub-arrays.

The task is to determine if an array can be divided into pairs such that the sum of each pair is divisible by a given integer.

• Iterate through the array and calculate the remainder of each element when divided by K.

• Store the remainders in a hashmap with their frequencies.

• Check if the frequencies of remainders are even and if the sum of each pair of remainders is divisible by K.

Constructor is a special method used to initialize an object, while a method is a function that performs a specific task within a class.

• Constructors are called automatically when an object is created, while methods need to be called explicitly.

• Constructors have the same name as the class, while methods have unique names.

• Constructors do not have a return type, while methods can have a return type.

• Example: Constructor - public ClassName() { // initialization code }, Method - pu...read more

Test Engineer interview questions on frameworks, testing types, bug tracking, and regression testing.

• Worked with Selenium framework with folder structure of test cases, test data, and page objects

• Functional testing includes smoke, sanity, and regression testing while non-functional testing includes performance and security testing

• Real-time scenario: prioritize and fix critical bugs first, communicate with stakeholders, and perform thorough testing before release

• Integration te...read more

SQL is a programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases.

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language.

• It is used to create, modify, and query databases.

• SQL is used in various industries such as finance, healthcare, and e-commerce.

• Examples of SQL commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.

• SQL is used to retrieve specific data from a database using queries.

Given an array and an integer, return all subsets that sum to the given integer.

• Use backtracking to generate all possible subsets of the array.

• For each subset, check if the sum equals the given integer 'K'.

• Print the subsets that satisfy the condition.

• Example: For input [1, 2, 3] and K=3, subsets [1, 2] and [3] have sum 3.

Git stash is a feature that allows you to temporarily save changes without committing them.

• Different ways of git merge: fast-forward, recursive, octopus

• Git pull: fetches and merges changes from a remote branch, Git fetch: only fetches changes

• Branching strategy in Git: Gitflow, trunk-based development, feature branching

• To create a new branch: git branch , to switch to it: git checkout

• Secrets should not be stored in Git repo, use a secure key management system

• Staging area in G...read more

The relationship between a train's speed passing through a platform and the relative speed of two trains is influenced by their individual speeds and direction.

• The relative speed of two trains passing each other is the sum of their individual speeds in opposite directions.

• When a train passes through a platform, its speed relative to the platform is the difference between its speed and the platform's speed.

• The relative speed of two trains passing through a platform can be calc...read more

Code to filter out loans with incomplete status using Java 8 features.

• Use stream() method to convert the list of loans into a stream

• Use filter() method to filter out loans with incomplete status

• Use collect() method to collect the filtered loans into a new list

An accountant is a professional who manages financial records and prepares financial reports. There are basic rules of accounting.

• Accountants manage financial records and prepare financial reports

• Basic rules of accounting include the accounting equation, double-entry accounting, and the matching principle

• Accountants must follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and maintain ethical standards

• Examples of accounting tasks include bookkeeping, tax preparation, and f...read more

Multitasking refers to the ability of an operating system to run multiple tasks concurrently, while multithreading involves executing multiple threads within a single process.

• Multitasking allows multiple programs to run simultaneously on a single processor, switching between them quickly.

• Multithreading enables a single program to perform multiple tasks concurrently by dividing it into smaller threads that can be executed independently.

• Multitasking is at the process level, whi...read more

To select a record from a table, use the SELECT statement with appropriate conditions.

• Use the SELECT statement with the appropriate columns to retrieve data from the table.

• Specify the table name in the FROM clause.

• Use the WHERE clause to specify the conditions for selecting the record.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name = 'value';

Possible reasons for an atomic spark job running for more than an hour.

• Data size may have increased beyond the capacity of the cluster

• Issues with network connectivity or hardware failure

• Inefficient code or poorly optimized queries

• Resource contention with other jobs running on the cluster

• Data skew or data imbalance

• Incorrect configuration settings

OOP concepts are the building blocks of Object Oriented Programming. The four pillars of OOP are Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information to the user.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together to protect data from outside interference.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting properties and methods.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multip...read more

Ansible is called agentless because it does not require any agent to be installed on the target host.

• Ansible uses SSH to connect to the target host and execute commands remotely.

• The command to run an ansible-playbook is 'ansible-playbook '.

• Variables in Ansible are used to store values that can be used across multiple tasks and playbooks.

• Roles in Ansible are a way to organize tasks, handlers, and variables into reusable units.

• Ansible maintains inventory data in the inventory f...read more

Jenkins is a popular CI/CD tool with various job types, access control, build triggers, and master-slave architecture.

• Job types: Freestyle project, Pipeline project

• Access control: Role-based Authorization Strategy plugin

• Jenkins is written in Java

• Build triggers: Manual, Scheduled, SCM, Remote Trigger, etc.

• Build failure: Email notification, Console output, Build log

• Master-slave: Distributes workload across multiple nodes for faster builds

The interview questions cover various topics related to Java development, including Singleton pattern, memory management, exception handling, Spring framework, and design patterns.

• Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Auto Configuration in Spring Boot automatically configures the Spring application based on dependencies present in the classpath.

• @Primary annotation is used to give higher preference to a bean when mu...read more

Answering managerial questions for Tech Lead position

• For past issue, explain the problem and how you identified it

• Describe the mitigation strategy and its effectiveness

• For non-compliant code, assess the impact and prioritize fixes

• Communicate the issue to stakeholders and plan for a fix

• For looking to switch, explain the reasons and how it aligns with career goals

Find minimum time to rot all fresh oranges adjacent to rotten oranges in a grid.

• Use Breadth First Search (BFS) to simulate the rotting process

• Keep track of the time taken to rot all fresh oranges

• Return -1 if not all fresh oranges can be rotten

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle.

• SDLC is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.

• It consists of several phases including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables that must be completed before moving on to the next phase.

• SDLC helps ensure that software is developed efficiently, on time, and within budget.

• Examples of SDLC m...read more

Find the node where two linked lists merge, return -1 if no merging occurs.

• Traverse both lists to find their lengths and the difference in lengths

• Move the pointer of the longer list by the difference in lengths

• Traverse both lists simultaneously until they meet at the merging point

Command for CPU usage in Linux, checking free memory in GB, and creating NFS.

• Command for CPU usage: top or htop

• Checking free memory in GB: free -g

• Creating NFS: install nfs-utils, configure /etc/exports, start nfs-server and nfs-lock services

• Linux used not specified

Early binding is resolved at compile time while late binding is resolved at runtime in C++.

• Early binding is also known as static binding, where the function call is resolved at compile time based on the type of the object.

• Late binding is also known as dynamic binding, where the function call is resolved at runtime based on the actual type of the object.

• Early binding is faster as the function call is directly linked during compilation.

• Late binding allows for more flexibility a...read more

C is a procedural programming language while C++ is an extension of C with added features of object-oriented programming.

• C is a procedural language, while C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.

• C++ has additional features like classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• C++ supports function overloading and exception handling, which are not present in C.

• C++ has a standard template library (STL) that provides useful data structures and algorithms.

• C++ ...read more

Questions related to OOPs, database, and ML concepts.

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming which is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• Overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters, while overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class.

• Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. In Java, it is achieved through method overlo...read more

A turbine is a mechanical device that converts the energy from a fluid flow into useful work.

• Turbines are commonly used in power generation, aviation, and marine applications.

• They consist of several key parts including the rotor, stator, blades, and shaft.

• The rotor is the rotating part of the turbine, while the stator is the stationary part.

• Blades are attached to the rotor and are designed to capture the energy of the fluid flow.

• The shaft connects the rotor to the external lo...read more

Different languages used in DBMS include SQL, PL/SQL, T-SQL, and NoSQL.

• SQL (Structured Query Language) is the standard language for relational database management systems.

• PL/SQL (Procedural Language/SQL) is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension for SQL.

• T-SQL (Transact-SQL) is Microsoft's proprietary extension to SQL.

• NoSQL encompasses a wide range of database technologies that can store unstructured, semi-structured, or structured data.

Yes, I am willing to learn front end and back end technologies and have a learning strategy in place.

• I believe in continuous learning and growth as a developer.

• I have experience in learning new technologies quickly and efficiently.

• My learning strategy involves breaking down concepts into smaller parts and practicing regularly.

• I also utilize online resources and seek guidance from experienced colleagues.

• Examples of technologies I have learned include React, Node.js, and MongoD...read more

Find the length of the longest strictly increasing subsequence in an array of integers.

• Use dynamic programming to keep track of the longest increasing subsequence ending at each element.

• Initialize an array to store the length of the longest increasing subsequence ending at each index.

• Iterate through the array and update the length of the longest increasing subsequence for each element.

• Return the maximum value in the array as the length of the longest increasing subsequence.

Yes, we can automate the process of coordinating timing of different busses for a particular route.

• We can use GPS tracking to monitor the location of busses in real-time.

• We can develop a software that can analyze the data and suggest the best route and timing for the passenger.

• We can also use machine learning algorithms to predict the traffic and suggest the best route and timing for the passenger.

• We can integrate this system with a mobile app that can provide real-time infor...read more

Interview questions for System Engineer position

• Constructor is a special method that is used to initialize an object

• Method overriding is when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already present in the parent class, while method overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters

• Program to print prime numbers between two given ranges can be achieved using nested loops and checking for prime numbers using modulus operator

• A...read more

Count the number of unival sub-trees in a binary tree where all nodes below the root have the same value as the root node.

• Traverse the binary tree recursively and check if each subtree is a unival tree by comparing values with the root node.

• Keep track of the count of unival trees while traversing the tree.

• Return the total count of unival trees at the end of traversal.

Child records can be made read-only when parent record's field is updated using validation rules.

• Create a validation rule on child object

• Use ISCHANGED() function to check if parent field is updated

• Use PRIORVALUE() function to get the previous value of parent field

• Use ISBLANK() function to check if the previous value of parent field is blank

• Use ISNEW() function to allow creation of child records

• Use OR() function to combine all conditions

• Throw an error message if all conditions...read more

I am an Automation Test Engineer with knowledge of STLC, test plan, test case, test scenario, Selenium framework, and writing Selenium test cases.

• STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle and is a process followed to ensure quality in software testing.

• Test plan is a document that outlines the testing strategy, objectives, and scope of testing.

• Test case is a set of steps and conditions that are executed to verify the functionality of a software application.

• Test scenario is a...read more

Yes, Infosys has already diversified into product development with offerings like Finacle and EdgeVerve.

• Infosys has already developed products like Finacle, a banking software, and EdgeVerve, an AI-powered automation platform.

• The company has also acquired product-based companies like Panaya and Skava.

• Infosys has a dedicated Product Engineering Services unit that focuses on developing and maintaining software products.

• However, services still remain the primary focus of Infosys...read more

Garbage collector in Java is a built-in mechanism that automatically manages memory by reclaiming unused objects.

• Garbage collector runs in the background to identify and delete objects that are no longer needed.

• It helps in preventing memory leaks and optimizing memory usage.

• Examples of garbage collectors in Java include Serial, Parallel, CMS, and G1.

I want to switch to system engineering as it aligns with my interests and skills.

• I have always been interested in technology and how systems work

• I have gained experience in programming and software development

• I believe my skills in problem-solving and critical thinking will be valuable in system engineering

• I am excited about the opportunity to work on complex systems and contribute to their design and development

Explanation of Dockerfile, Docker Compose, and differences between them and Kubernetes.

• Dockerfile is a script that contains instructions to build a Docker image.

• Fields in Dockerfile include FROM, RUN, COPY, ADD, CMD, and more.

• Docker Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.

• Docker Compose uses a YAML file to define services, networks, and volumes.

• Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, and manag...read more

Explanation of COMP, COMP-2, COMP-3, Display, Continue, Next Sentence, and SOC7.

• COMP is a binary data type, COMP-2 is a packed decimal data type, COMP-3 is a packed decimal data type with sign, and Display is a character data type.

• Continue is used to transfer control to the next statement within the same paragraph, while Next Sentence is used to transfer control to the first statement of the next paragraph.

• SOC7 occurs due to a data exception error, such as an invalid numeric ...read more

Java is a popular programming language known for its platform independence, object-oriented approach, and robustness.

• Java is platform independent, meaning it can run on any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• It is object-oriented, allowing for modular and reusable code.

• Java is known for its robustness and reliability, with features like automatic memory management and exception handling.

• Java has a rich set of APIs and libraries, making it versatile for various app...read more

In case of a long sick leave for one of the key resources prior to Transition Go Live, I would take the following steps:

• Assess the impact of the absence on the project timeline and deliverables

• Identify if there are any backup resources available to temporarily fill the gap

• If no backup resources are available, prioritize the remaining KR and allocate additional resources if necessary

• Communicate the situation to the project stakeholders and manage their expectations

• Re-evaluate ...read more

Call by Value passes a copy of the actual parameter, while Call by Reference passes the address of the actual parameter.

• Call by Value: Changes made to the formal parameter inside the function do not affect the actual parameter.

• Call by Reference: Changes made to the formal parameter inside the function affect the actual parameter.

• Example: void swap(int a, int b) vs void swap(int &a, int &b)

The Diamond Problem in C++ occurs when a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class, leading to ambiguity in method resolution.

• Diamond Problem arises in multiple inheritance in C++ when a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class.

• Ambiguity occurs when the derived class tries to access a method or attribute from the common base class.

• To resolve the Diamond Problem, virtual inheritance can be used to ensure that only one instance of the co...read more

A program to check if a given string is a palindrome or not.

• A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters that reads the same forward and backward.

• To check if a string is a palindrome, we can compare the characters from the beginning and end of the string.

• If the characters match at each position, the string is a palindrome.

• We can use two pointers, one starting from the beginning and the other from the end, and compare the characters at each position....read more

Java is a versatile programming language known for its platform independence and rich set of features.

• Platform independence: Java programs can run on any operating system or device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• Object-oriented: Java supports the principles of object-oriented programming, allowing for modular and reusable code

• Garbage collection: Java automatically manages memory allocation and deallocation, reducing the risk of memory leaks

• Exception handling: Java provides ...read more

I chose myself in the programming language at a small scale and gradually increased it.

• Started with basic syntax and gradually moved to more complex concepts

• Practiced on small projects before moving to larger ones

• Learned from online resources and collaborated with peers

• Continuously updated skills and learned new languages as needed

Determine the maximum time Ninja can survive in a space survival game challenge.

• Create a function that takes initial health and armour as input for each test case

• Simulate Ninja's movement between planets and update health and armour accordingly

• Keep track of the maximum time Ninja can survive before health or armour reaches 0

To check RAM usage in Linux EC2 instance, use the 'free' command.

• Open the terminal or SSH into the EC2 instance

• Type 'free' command and press enter

• The output will show the total, used, and free memory in kilobytes

• Use '-h' option to display the output in human-readable format

• Use 'top' command to see the real-time memory usage of processes

Counting letter-pairs with same no. of letters left between them in the word SERVANT.

• Identify the letter-pairs in the word SERVANT.

• Count the number of letters between each pair.

• Compare the count with the position of the pair in the word.

• If they match, increment the count of such pairs.

• Answer the total count of such pairs.

I would create designated parking areas, implement a parking management system, and utilize efficient parking strategies.

• Create designated parking areas based on the capacity and layout of the campus.

• Implement a parking management system to track and manage the parking spaces.

• Utilize efficient parking strategies such as valet parking, shuttle services, and carpooling.

• Ensure proper signage and directions to guide the drivers to available parking spaces.

• Coordinate with event or...read more

Count the total number of inversions in an integer array.

• Iterate through the array and for each pair of elements, check if the conditions for inversion are met.

• Use a nested loop to compare each element with all elements to its right.

• Keep a count of the inversions found and return the total count at the end.

Yes, there is an entry for purchase sales.

• The entry for purchase sales is a double-entry accounting system.

• The purchase is recorded as a debit to the inventory account and a credit to the accounts payable account.

• The sale is recorded as a credit to the sales account and a debit to the accounts receivable account.

• The cost of goods sold is recorded as a debit to the cost of goods sold account and a credit to the inventory account.

• Examples include recording the purchase of inven...read more

The task is to determine the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using given denominations of coins.

• Create a dynamic programming table to store the number of ways to make change for each value up to the target value.

• Iterate through each denomination and update the table accordingly based on the current denomination.

• The final value in the table will represent the total number of ways to make change for the specified value.

• Consider edge cases such as when ...read more

Terraform variables can be of different types. Terraform resource is a declarative representation of infrastructure.

• Terraform variables can be of type string, number, bool, list, map, object, set.

• Terraform resource is a block of code that defines a piece of infrastructure.

• Examples of resources are AWS EC2 instance, Azure Virtual Machine, Google Cloud Storage bucket.

• Yes, I have used Terraform in my project.

An interface in OOP is a blueprint of a class that defines a set of methods that a class must implement.

• Interfaces in Java are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance.

• Interfaces contain only method signatures, not method bodies.

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one class.

• Example: interface Shape { void draw(); }

• Example: class Circle implements Shape { public void draw() { // draw circle } }

The starter dependency of the Spring Boot module is spring-boot-starter-parent.

• The starter dependency provides a set of default configurations and dependencies to kickstart a Spring Boot project.

• It includes commonly used dependencies like spring-boot-starter-web, spring-boot-starter-data-jpa, etc.

• By including the spring-boot-starter-parent in your project, you inherit all the default configurations and dependencies managed by Spring Boot.

Transform a 2D array into a 'Good' matrix by setting rows and columns to 0 if a 0 is found.

• Iterate through the matrix to find 0s

• For each 0 found, set all elements in its row and column to 0

• Update the input matrix accordingly

SCOM monitoring tool uses a database to store and process data. It also requires management packs for monitoring different components.

• Data flows from agents to management servers and then to the database

• SCOM uses SQL Server as its database

• Data grooming queries can be found in the OperationsManagerDW database

• Operations Console grooming values can be set in the Administration workspace

• To unseal a management pack, use the 'Unseal-ManagementPack' PowerShell cmdlet

• Examples of mana...read more

A dataframe is a two-dimensional tabular data structure in which data is organized in rows and columns. It differs from a dataset in terms of structure and functionality.

• A dataframe is a data structure in which data is organized in a tabular format with rows and columns.

• It is commonly used in data analysis and manipulation tasks.

• Dataframes can handle both structured and semi-structured data.

• They provide a convenient way to store and manipulate large datasets.

• Dataframes offer ...read more

Thrashing in operating systems occurs when a system is spending more time swapping data between memory and disk than actually executing tasks.

• Occurs when the system is overwhelmed with too many processes competing for limited resources

• Results in a decrease in system performance as the CPU is constantly switching between processes

• Can be alleviated by optimizing resource allocation and reducing the number of active processes

• Example: A system running multiple memory-intensive ap...read more

A machine is a device that performs a specific task using power and mechanisms.

• Machines can be simple or complex, ranging from a simple lever to a complex computer.

• Machines use energy to perform work, such as lifting, moving, or transforming materials.

• Examples of machines include cars, airplanes, washing machines, and robots.

• Machines can be classified into six types: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw.

Python manages data structures and variables using dynamic memory allocation.

• Python uses a heap to manage memory allocation for data structures and variables.

• Variables are created dynamically and stored in memory as objects.

• Python uses reference counting to keep track of the number of references to an object.

• Garbage collection is used to reclaim memory for objects that are no longer referenced.

• Examples of data structures in Python include lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets...read more

C++ has three types of loops: for, while, and do-while.

• For loop is used when the number of iterations is known beforehand.

• While loop is used when the number of iterations is not known beforehand.

• Do-while loop is similar to while loop, but it executes at least once before checking the condition.

Calculate total instances of equivalent prime groups in a day divided into equal parts.

• Divide the day into equal parts and find prime numbers in each part.

• Identify prime groups with prime numbers at the same position in different parts.

• Count the total instances of equivalent prime groups.

• Ensure DAY_HOURS is divisible by PARTS and handle constraints.

• Return the number of equivalent prime groups for each test case.

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructor, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one abstract class.

• Abstract class is used to define common characteristics of subclasses, while interface is used to define a contract for classes to implement.

• Example: Abstract class 'Animal' with abst...read more

Check if a given graph is bipartite by dividing vertices into two independent sets.

• Use BFS or DFS to traverse the graph and assign colors to vertices to check for bipartiteness.

• If an edge connects vertices of the same color, the graph is not bipartite.

• Return true if all edges connect vertices of different colors, else return false.

Boundary traversal of a binary tree in anti-clockwise direction starting from the root node.

• Implement a function to calculate the boundary traversal of a binary tree

• Include nodes from left boundary, leaf nodes, and right boundary in sequence

• Ensure only unique nodes are included in the output

• Print the boundary nodes separated by single spaces for each test case

The task is to create and return a 2D vector containing diagonal elements of a given 2D matrix.

• Iterate through the matrix diagonally to extract elements

• Store the elements in a 2D vector in the required order

• Handle cases where the matrix is not square by adjusting the diagonal traversal

Find all possible paths for a rat in a maze from start to finish.

• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths in the maze.

• Keep track of visited cells to avoid loops.

• Return all valid paths sorted in alphabetical order.

I would analyze the requirements and constraints of the parking task and devise a plan accordingly.

• Understand the size and type of vehicles that need to be parked

• Analyze the available space and layout of the parking area

• Consider any regulations or restrictions on parking

• Determine the optimal parking arrangement for maximum efficiency

• Implement a system for monitoring and managing the parking area

Types of constructors in OOP include default, parameterized, copy, and static constructors.

• Default constructor: Constructor with no parameters.

• Parameterized constructor: Constructor with parameters to initialize object properties.

• Copy constructor: Constructor that creates a new object as a copy of an existing object.

• Static constructor: Constructor used to initialize static data members of a class.

Limitations of inheritance in OOP include tight coupling, lack of flexibility, and potential for creating deep class hierarchies.

• Tight coupling: Subclasses are tightly bound to their superclasses, making it difficult to make changes without affecting other classes.

• Lack of flexibility: Subclasses inherit all attributes and methods from their superclasses, limiting the ability to customize behavior.

• Deep class hierarchies: Inheritance can lead to deep class hierarchies with mult...read more

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. Denormalization is the opposite process.

• Normalization involves breaking down data into smaller, more manageable tables to reduce redundancy and dependency.

• Denormalization involves combining tables to improve query performance by reducing the number of joins needed.

• Normalization helps maintain data integrity by reducing the risk of anomalies such as update, insert, an...read more

I use multiple programming languages depending on the task at hand.

• Python for automation and scripting

• Java for building applications

• Bash for shell scripting

• SQL for database management

• JavaScript for web development

• Go for microservices

• Perl for text processing

• C/C++ for system-level programming