70+ Carrier Interview Questions and Answers

Mphasis is a leading IT solutions provider with a focus on digital transformation.

• Mphasis has a strong presence in the banking and financial services industry, providing innovative solutions to clients such as Citibank and Standard Chartered.

• The company has a focus on digital transformation and offers services such as cloud computing, data analytics, and artificial intelligence.

• Mphasis has won several awards for its work in the IT industry, including the NASSCOM Customer Serv...read more

A program for multiple inheritances

• Create a base class with common attributes and methods

• Create derived classes that inherit from the base class

• Use multiple inheritance to inherit from multiple base classes

• Resolve any naming conflicts using scope resolution operator (::)

• Example: class Derived: public Base1, public Base2 {}

• Example: class Derived: public Base1, public Base2 { public: void method() { Base1::method(); Base2::method(); } }

Structure is a collection of variables of different data types while union is a collection of variables of same data type.

• Structure allocates memory for all its variables while union allocates memory for only one variable at a time.

• Structure is used when we need to store different types of data while union is used when we need to store only one type of data.

• Example of structure: struct student { char name[20]; int age; float marks; };

• Example of union: union data { int i; floa...read more

Work-life balance is the ability to prioritize and manage both work and personal life effectively.

• It involves setting boundaries and managing time efficiently

• It allows for time to pursue personal interests and hobbies

• It reduces stress and burnout

• Examples include flexible work hours, remote work options, and time off for personal reasons

C code for in-order traversal on a binary tree.

• Start at the root node.

• Traverse the left subtree recursively.

• Visit the root node.

• Traverse the right subtree recursively.

• Repeat until all nodes have been visited.

• Example code: void inorderTraversal(Node* root) { if(root != NULL) { inorderTraversal(root->left); printf("%d ", root->data); inorderTraversal(root->right); } }

Function overriding vs function overloading

• Function overloading is having multiple functions with the same name but different parameters

• Function overriding is having a function in a subclass with the same name and parameters as a function in the superclass

• Function overloading is resolved at compile-time while function overriding is resolved at runtime

Process management involves planning, organizing, executing, and monitoring processes to achieve organizational goals.

• It includes identifying and defining processes

• Assigning responsibilities and resources

• Establishing timelines and milestones

• Monitoring progress and making adjustments as needed

• Examples include project management, supply chain management, and quality management

A dangling pointer is a pointer that points to a memory location that has been deallocated or freed.

• Dangling pointers can cause crashes or unexpected behavior when accessed.

• They can occur when a pointer is not set to NULL after the memory it points to is freed.

• Example: int *ptr = malloc(sizeof(int)); free(ptr); printf('%d', *ptr);

• In the above example, ptr becomes a dangling pointer after the memory it points to is freed.

Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a new class is derived from an existing class.

• It allows the new class to inherit the properties and methods of the existing class.

• The existing class is called the parent or base class, and the new class is called the child or derived class.

• There are different types of inheritance: single, multiple, multilevel, and hierarchical.

• Example: A car class can be a parent class, and a sedan class can be a child class that inherits the properties...read more

The OSI model is a conceptual model that describes how data is transmitted over a network.

• OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection.

• It has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has a specific function and communicates with the adjacent layers.

• Example: When you send an email, the Application layer sends it to the Presentation layer, which formats the data, and then sends it to the Session layer.

• The Session layer ...read more

Code for sum of n natural numbers

• Use a loop to iterate from 1 to n and add each number to a sum variable

• Return the sum variable

Handling customized exceptions in controller advice with example code

• Create a custom exception class that extends RuntimeException

• Create a controller advice class to handle exceptions globally

• Use @ExceptionHandler annotation in the controller advice class to handle specific exceptions

• Return a custom error response with appropriate status code and message

Object-oriented programming concepts with real-life examples

• Encapsulation: A car's engine is encapsulated and hidden from the user, who only interacts with the car's interface.

• Inheritance: A cat is a subclass of the animal class, inheriting its properties and methods.

• Polymorphism: A shape class can have different methods for calculating area depending on the shape, such as circle or rectangle.

• Abstraction: A TV remote control abstracts the complex inner workings of the TV and ...read more

The question is about company info and the difference between home and house.

• Company info refers to details about the organization such as its history, mission, and values.

• Home refers to a place where one lives and feels comfortable, while house refers to a physical structure.

• A house can be a home, but not all homes are houses. For example, an apartment or a mobile home can also be a home.

• The difference between home and house is subjective and can vary based on cultural and p...read more

Lists and tuples are data structures in Python used to store collections of items.

• Lists are mutable and ordered, allowing for easy addition and removal of elements.

• Tuples are immutable and ordered, making them useful for storing related data that should not be changed.

• Both can store any type of data, including other lists or tuples.

• Lists are created using square brackets, while tuples use parentheses.

• Example: my_list = [1, 'hello', [2, 3]]

• Example: my_tuple = (4, 'world', (5, ...read more

One program I know is a simple calculator program written in Python.

• The program takes user input for two numbers and an operator (+, -, *, /).

• It then performs the operation and displays the result.

• Example: input 5, +, 3 -> output 8

Handle exceptions globally in Springboot REST API

• Use @ControllerAdvice annotation to define global exception handling for all controllers

• Create a class annotated with @ControllerAdvice and define methods to handle specific exceptions

• Use @ExceptionHandler annotation to specify which exceptions the method should handle

• Return appropriate HTTP status codes and error messages in the exception handling methods

The @SpringBootApplication annotation includes @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan annotations.

• Includes @Configuration annotation to specify that the class can be used by the Spring IoC container as a source of bean definitions.

• Includes @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation to enable Spring Boot's auto-configuration feature.

• Includes @ComponentScan annotation to specify the base packages to scan for components.

Handwork is hard work done manually, while smart work is efficient work done with the use of technology and strategy.

• Handwork involves physical effort, while smart work involves mental effort.

• Handwork is time-consuming, while smart work is time-efficient.

• Handwork may not always yield the desired results, while smart work is focused on achieving specific goals.

• Examples of handwork include farming, construction, and cleaning, while examples of smart work include automation, dat...read more

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• Objects are instances of classes, which define the structure and behavior of the objects.

• Encapsulation allows data to be hidden within objects and only accessed through methods.

• Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes and methods from other classes.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, enabling flexibility and r...read more

I worked on a project that involved developing a recommendation system using collaborative filtering algorithms.

• Implemented collaborative filtering algorithms like user-based and item-based recommendation systems

• Utilized cosine similarity and Pearson correlation coefficient for calculating similarity between users/items

• Used matrix factorization techniques like Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for recommendation

• Evaluated the performance of algorithms using metrics like RMSE ...read more

Find the 2nd greatest in 2 different ways

• Sort the array and return the second largest element

• Use a loop to find the largest element and then find the second largest element

• Use a priority queue to find the second largest element

Projects in engineering involve designing, building, and testing systems and structures to solve problems.

• Identify problem and constraints

• Design solution and create blueprints

• Build and test prototype

• Refine design based on testing results

• Implement final solution

• Examples: building a bridge, designing a new software application

Pointers in C are variables that store memory addresses. They are used to manipulate data and create dynamic data structures.

• Pointers are declared using the * symbol, and can be initialized to the address of another variable.

• Dereferencing a pointer means accessing the value stored at the memory address it points to, using the * symbol.

• Pointers can be used to pass variables by reference, allowing functions to modify the original variable.

• Dynamic memory allocation can be done u...read more

Code to remove duplicates from an array of strings

• Use a Set to store unique elements

• Iterate through the array and add each element to the Set

• Convert the Set back to an array to get the final result

I am open to any location for the job.

• I am willing to relocate for the job

• I am flexible with the location

• I am excited about the opportunity to work in different places

Program to find the smallest value from 3 inputs.

• Compare the first two inputs and store the smaller value.

• Compare the stored value with the third input and update if smaller.

• Return the final stored value as the smallest value.

Constructors are special methods used to initialize objects in Java.

• Constructors have the same name as the class they belong to.

• They are called automatically when an object is created.

• Constructors can be overloaded to accept different parameters.

• Default constructor is provided by Java if no constructor is defined.

• Constructors can also call other constructors using 'this' keyword.

Microservices design pattern involves breaking down a large application into smaller, independent services.

• Each microservice is responsible for a specific function or feature

• Communication between microservices is typically done through APIs

• Microservices can be deployed independently, allowing for easier scalability and maintenance

• Examples include Netflix (uses microservices for different functionalities like recommendation, user management) and Amazon (uses microservices for ...read more

Smart work is the key to success, but hard work is equally important.

• Smart work involves using your resources efficiently to achieve your goals.

• Hard work involves putting in a lot of effort and time to achieve your goals.

• A combination of both smart work and hard work is ideal for success.

• For example, a student who studies smartly by focusing on important topics and practicing previous year papers along with putting in hard work by studying for long hours is more likely to suc...read more

Map method transforms each element in a stream, while flatMap method transforms each element into a stream and then flattens the result.

• Map method applies a function to each element in the stream and returns a new stream with the transformed elements.

• FlatMap method applies a function that returns a stream for each element in the original stream, then flattens these streams into a single stream.

• Example: Using map to convert a list of strings to uppercase - List names = Arrays....read more

Linear search checks each element in a list sequentially, while binary search divides the list in half at each step.

• Linear search has a time complexity of O(n), while binary search has a time complexity of O(log n).

• Linear search is used for unsorted lists, while binary search is used for sorted lists.

• Example: Linear search - searching for a name in a phone book. Binary search - searching for a word in a dictionary.

To create a table, use SQL CREATE TABLE statement with column names and data types.

• Specify the table name after CREATE TABLE keyword

• List column names and data types separated by commas inside parentheses

• Add any constraints like PRIMARY KEY or FOREIGN KEY if needed

• Example: CREATE TABLE customers (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50), email VARCHAR(100))

Overloading is the ability to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Overloading allows for more flexibility in method naming and usage.

• The methods must have different parameters, such as different data types or different numbers of parameters.

• Example: public void print(int num) and public void print(String str) are both methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Overloading is determined at compile time based on the method signature.

Overriding is a feature in object-oriented programming where a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Overriding allows a subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• The method signature (name, parameters, and return type) must be the same in both the superclass and subclass.

• The subclass method must have the same or a more accessible access modifier than the supercl...read more

Abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details and exposing only the necessary information.

• Abstraction is a way to manage complexity by breaking down a system into smaller, more manageable parts.

• It allows us to focus on the essential features of a system while ignoring the non-essential details.

• Abstraction can be achieved through the use of interfaces, abstract classes, and encapsulation.

• For example, a car can be abstracted as a vehicle with certain prope...read more

Implement a function to filter out strings starting with a specific letter using Java 8.

• Use Java 8 Stream API to filter the strings based on a condition.

• Use lambda expressions to define the filtering condition.

• Use the 'filter' method of Stream to apply the filtering condition.

Object class is the superclass of all classes in Java.

• Object class provides basic functionalities like toString(), equals(), hashCode() etc.

• All classes in Java directly or indirectly inherit from Object class.

• Object class is located in java.lang package.

• Example: String class extends Object class.

Code writing task for Automation Test Engineer position

• Open Notepad

• Write code for the given task

• Share screen to show the code

• Ensure code is well-structured and follows best practices

I would focus on implementing automation testing and improving communication with development team.

• Implement automation testing to increase efficiency and reduce manual errors

• Improve communication with development team to ensure timely bug fixes

• Create a comprehensive test plan to cover all possible scenarios

• Regularly review and update testing processes to stay current with industry standards

My automation framework is a hybrid framework that uses both data-driven and keyword-driven approaches.

• The framework is built using Selenium WebDriver and TestNG.

• It uses Excel sheets to store test data and Apache POI library to read/write data from/to Excel.

• The framework has a modular structure with reusable functions and libraries.

• It uses Page Object Model design pattern to maintain object repository.

• The framework generates detailed HTML reports using ExtentReports library.

• I...read more

Explaining marker interfaces, Singleton design pattern, and immutability of strings

• Marker interfaces are interfaces with no methods, used to mark a class as having a certain behavior or capability

• Singleton design pattern ensures only one instance of a class is created and provides a global point of access to it

• Strings are immutable in Java to ensure their values cannot be changed once created, which improves security and performance

• Immutable objects are thread-safe and can be...read more

QA prepares various reports to track and analyze quality metrics.

• Test execution report

• Defect report

• Test summary report

• Test coverage report

• Test trend report

There are three types of constructors in Java: default, parameterized, and copy constructors.

• Default constructor: no arguments passed

• Parameterized constructor: arguments passed

• Copy constructor: creates a new object as a copy of an existing object

• Example: public class Person { public Person() {} public Person(String name) { this.name = name; } public Person(Person person) { this.name = person.name; } }

Microservice architecture is a software design pattern where an application is divided into small, independent services.

• Benefits of microservice architecture:

• - Scalability: Each service can be scaled independently, allowing for better performance and resource utilization.

• - Flexibility: Services can be developed, deployed, and updated independently, enabling faster development cycles.

• - Fault isolation: If one service fails, it doesn't affect the entire application.

• - Technology...read more

Spring Boot is an opinionated framework that simplifies Spring development.

• Spring Boot provides auto-configuration and embedded servers.

• Spring Boot reduces boilerplate code and configuration.

• Spring Boot is ideal for microservices and standalone applications.

• Spring provides a more flexible and customizable framework.

• Spring requires more configuration and setup.

• Spring is ideal for large-scale enterprise applications.

Compiler translates entire code into machine code before execution, while interpreter translates code line by line during execution.

• Compiler converts entire code into machine code before execution

• Interpreter translates code line by line during execution

• Compiler generates intermediate object code or executable file

• Interpreter does not generate intermediate object code

• Examples: C, C++ compilers vs Python, Ruby interpreters

Java 8 introduced new features like lambda expressions, functional interfaces, and Stream API.

• Lambda expressions allow functional programming in Java.

• Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method.

• Stream API provides a functional way of processing collections.

• Default methods allow adding new methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations.

• Date and Time API provides a more comprehensive way of handling date and time.

• Nashorn JavaScript engine...read more

Java is a popular programming language known for its versatility and compatibility with various platforms.

• Java is an object-oriented language

• It is used for developing desktop, web, and mobile applications

• Java Virtual Machine (JVM) enables cross-platform compatibility

Yes, constructor can be overridden.

• Constructor can be overridden in Java using method overloading.

• The subclass constructor can call the superclass constructor using super() keyword.

• Overriding constructor can be used to provide different ways of initializing an object.

Functional programming focuses on functions and immutability, while object oriented programming focuses on objects and classes.

• Functional programming uses pure functions that do not have side effects

• Object oriented programming uses objects that encapsulate data and behavior

• In functional programming, data is immutable and functions are first-class citizens

• In object oriented programming, objects interact with each other through methods and inheritance

• Example: Functional program...read more

A constructor is a special method that is used to initialize objects in a class.

• Constructors have the same name as the class they are in.

• They are called automatically when an object is created.

• They can take parameters to set initial values for object properties.

• Example: public class Car { public Car(String make, String model) { this.make = make; this.model = model; } }

• Example: Car myCar = new Car("Toyota", "Corolla");

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, it allows users to securely access a private network over a public network.

• VPN creates a secure and encrypted connection between the user's device and the private network

• It masks the user's IP address and location, providing anonymity and privacy

• VPN can be used to access geo-restricted content, bypass censorship, and enhance security when using public Wi-Fi networks

The 4 C's of credit are important for veteran loans.

• The 4 C's are: credit, capacity, collateral, and character.

• Credit refers to the borrower's credit score and history.

• Capacity refers to the borrower's ability to repay the loan.

• Collateral refers to the assets that can be used to secure the loan.

• Character refers to the borrower's reputation and willingness to repay the loan.

• These factors are important for determining the borrower's eligibility for a veteran loan.

Program to print Fibonacci series

• Declare two variables to store the first two numbers of the series

• Use a loop to generate the next numbers in the series

• Print each number as it is generated

Program to print average of number series

• Create a variable to store the sum of the numbers in the series

• Create a variable to store the count of numbers in the series

• Loop through the series and add each number to the sum variable

• Increment the count variable for each number in the series

• Calculate the average by dividing the sum by the count

• Print the average

QA's KRA is to ensure that the software meets the quality standards and requirements.

• Develop and implement quality assurance policies and procedures

• Identify and resolve defects and bugs

• Perform testing and analysis to ensure software meets quality standards

• Collaborate with development teams to improve product quality

• Provide feedback and recommendations for improvement

• Ensure compliance with industry standards and regulations

The 4 pillars of OOP are Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation restricts access to certain components within a class, protecting the data.

• Abstraction hides the complex implementation details and only shows the necessary features.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

Program to print sum of 2 numbers

• Declare 2 variables to store the numbers

• Add the variables and store the result in another variable

• Print the result

Shortest path algo is a method to find the most efficient route between two points in a graph or network.

• Shortest path algorithms are used in various applications such as GPS navigation systems, network routing, and logistics planning.

• Examples of shortest path algorithms include Dijkstra's algorithm, Bellman-Ford algorithm, and Floyd-Warshall algorithm.

• These algorithms calculate the shortest path based on different criteria such as distance, time, or cost.

• The goal is to find ...read more

A program in Java to separate words and numbers.

• Use regular expressions to separate words and numbers.

• Iterate through the input string and check if each character is a word or a number.

• Store the words and numbers in separate arrays.

CICD setups involve integrating various tools for automation and continuous delivery.

• Use Jenkins for building, testing, and deploying code

• Integrate with version control systems like Git for source code management

• Utilize Docker for containerization and Kubernetes for orchestration

• Implement monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana for tracking performance

• Automate testing with tools like Selenium or JUnit

Primary and secondary are terms used to describe different levels or stages of importance or priority.

• Primary refers to something that is of utmost importance or the main focus.

• Secondary refers to something that is of lesser importance or comes after the primary.

• Primary and secondary can be used in various contexts, such as education, healthcare, or business.

• In education, primary education refers to the first stage of formal schooling, while secondary education refers to the ...read more

Stock refers to the ownership shares of a company that are publicly traded on a stock exchange.

• Stock represents ownership in a company.

• Investors buy and sell stocks to earn a return on their investment.

• Stocks are traded on stock exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or NASDAQ.

• Stock prices can fluctuate based on supply and demand, company performance, and market conditions.

• Dividends may be paid to stockholders as a share of the company's profits.

• Examples of well-kn...read more

Regression testing is the process of retesting a software application to ensure that new code changes have not adversely affected existing functionality.

• Regression testing is performed after code changes to verify that the existing functionality still works correctly.

• It helps in identifying any defects introduced by new code changes.

• Automated testing tools are often used for regression testing to save time and effort.

• Regression testing is an important part of the software dev...read more

Ad hoc testing is informal testing without any specific test cases or plans.

• Ad hoc testing is performed randomly without any predefined test cases.

• It is usually done to explore the system and find defects that are not covered in regular testing.

• Testers use their domain knowledge and experience to perform ad hoc testing.

• It is not documented and can be difficult to reproduce.

• Examples include randomly clicking on buttons, entering unexpected data, or testing edge cases.

Troubleshooting with EKS involves identifying and resolving issues within an Amazon EKS cluster.

• Check the status of EKS nodes and pods

• Review logs for errors and warnings

• Verify network connectivity within the cluster

• Monitor resource utilization to identify bottlenecks

• Use kubectl commands to inspect and troubleshoot

Program to print palindrome

• A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters that reads the same forward and backward

• To check if a string is a palindrome, we can compare the first and last characters, then the second and second-to-last characters, and so on

• If all pairs match, the string is a palindrome

• We can use a loop to iterate through the string and compare the characters

Capital refers to financial assets or resources owned by a business or individual that can be used for generating income or investment.

• Capital can include cash, equipment, property, investments, and other assets.

• It is essential for businesses to have enough capital to cover expenses and invest in growth.

• Capital can be raised through equity financing (selling ownership stakes) or debt financing (borrowing money).