400+ Interview Questions and Answers

Interview questions for Associate Software Engineer position

• Be familiar with all types of database commands and their usage

• Practice writing code to reverse a given string or sentence in Java

• Be prepared to discuss major and minor projects, as well as industrial training/internship experiences

• Have a good understanding of operating system concepts such as job scheduling, deadlock, and starvation

• Know the differences between C++ and Java programming languages

• Be able to implement l...read more

Mphasis is a leading IT solutions provider with a focus on digital transformation.

• Mphasis has a strong presence in the banking and financial services industry, providing innovative solutions to clients such as Citibank and Standard Chartered.

• The company has a focus on digital transformation and offers services such as cloud computing, data analytics, and artificial intelligence.

• Mphasis has won several awards for its work in the IT industry, including the NASSCOM Customer Serv...read more

A program for multiple inheritances

• Create a base class with common attributes and methods

• Create derived classes that inherit from the base class

• Use multiple inheritance to inherit from multiple base classes

• Resolve any naming conflicts using scope resolution operator (::)

• Example: class Derived: public Base1, public Base2 {}

• Example: class Derived: public Base1, public Base2 { public: void method() { Base1::method(); Base2::method(); } }

Structure is a collection of variables of different data types while union is a collection of variables of same data type.

• Structure allocates memory for all its variables while union allocates memory for only one variable at a time.

• Structure is used when we need to store different types of data while union is used when we need to store only one type of data.

• Example of structure: struct student { char name[20]; int age; float marks; };

• Example of union: union data { int i; floa...read more

Work-life balance is the ability to prioritize and manage both work and personal life effectively.

• It involves setting boundaries and managing time efficiently

• It allows for time to pursue personal interests and hobbies

• It reduces stress and burnout

• Examples include flexible work hours, remote work options, and time off for personal reasons

Answers to DevOps Lead interview questions

• 1. mvn clean install - builds the project

• 2. Stages in Jenkins pipeline: Build, Test, Deploy

• 3. Terraform builds resources like EC2 instances, S3 buckets. Terraform files are stored in version control systems like Git

• 4. Merge conflict tools: Git merge, Git rebase, Git cherry-pick

• 5. Git commands: git clone, git add, git commit, git push, git pull

The question asked about pronunciations in English, Hindi, and the local language.

• The question required knowledge of pronunciations in different languages.

• Candidates were expected to provide examples of words or phrases in each language.

• The question aimed to assess language proficiency and adaptability.

C code for in-order traversal on a binary tree.

• Start at the root node.

• Traverse the left subtree recursively.

• Visit the root node.

• Traverse the right subtree recursively.

• Repeat until all nodes have been visited.

• Example code: void inorderTraversal(Node* root) { if(root != NULL) { inorderTraversal(root->left); printf("%d ", root->data); inorderTraversal(root->right); } }

Runtime polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on multiple forms during runtime.

• It is achieved through inheritance and method overriding.

• The method called depends on the actual object type at runtime.

• Example: Animal class with a speak() method, and Dog and Cat classes that inherit from Animal and override the speak() method.

• When a Dog object calls speak(), the overridden method in the Dog class is executed.

• When a Cat object calls speak(), the overridden method in th...read more

Function overriding vs function overloading

• Function overloading is having multiple functions with the same name but different parameters

• Function overriding is having a function in a subclass with the same name and parameters as a function in the superclass

• Function overloading is resolved at compile-time while function overriding is resolved at runtime

To complete a task assigned at the beginning of a sprint, I follow a set of steps.

• I analyze the requirements and scope of the task.

• I break down the task into smaller sub-tasks and estimate the time required for each sub-task.

• I prioritize the sub-tasks based on their importance and dependencies.

• I create a plan and timeline for completing the sub-tasks.

• I communicate with the team and stakeholders to ensure everyone is on the same page.

• I start working on the sub-tasks and track ...read more

Yes, the key of a dictionary in Python can be changed. The criteria for selecting a key are immutability and uniqueness.

• The key of a dictionary can be any immutable data type such as strings, numbers, or tuples.

• The key must be unique within the dictionary, as duplicate keys are not allowed.

• Changing the value of a key is allowed, but changing the key itself requires creating a new key-value pair.

• Keys that are mutable, such as lists, cannot be used as dictionary keys.

Dependency injection is a design pattern where objects are passed as dependencies rather than being created within a class.

• Reduces coupling between classes

• Increases testability and maintainability

• Allows for easier swapping of dependencies

• Examples: Constructor injection, Setter injection, Interface injection

The question covers various topics such as capital, insurance, alt+tab, filter in excel, and yesterday's activities.

• Capital refers to the financial resources that a company or individual possesses.

• Insurance is a contract between an individual or organization and an insurance company that provides financial protection against potential losses.

• Alt+tab is a keyboard shortcut used to switch between open windows or applications on a computer.

• Filter in excel is used to sort and dis...read more

Process management involves planning, organizing, executing, and monitoring processes to achieve organizational goals.

• It includes identifying and defining processes

• Assigning responsibilities and resources

• Establishing timelines and milestones

• Monitoring progress and making adjustments as needed

• Examples include project management, supply chain management, and quality management

Yes, you can create a static method inside an abstract class or interface.

• Static methods can be defined in interfaces since Java 8.

• Static methods in interfaces are used for providing utility methods that are not tied to any specific instance of the interface.

• Static methods in abstract classes can be used for common functionality that does not require an instance of the class.

Indexing in SQL is a way to optimize database performance by creating a data structure that allows for faster retrieval of data.

• Indexing is a technique used to quickly locate and access the rows in a database table.

• It works by creating an ordered list of values from one or more columns in a table.

• By using indexes, the database engine can quickly find the rows that match a certain condition without having to scan the entire table.

• Indexes are especially useful for tables with a...read more

I am familiar with Java, Python, and JavaScript. During lockdown, I learned React and Node.js.

• Familiar with Java, Python, and JavaScript

• Learned React and Node.js during lockdown

Yes, a static local variable can be created inside a static method.

• Yes, a static local variable can be declared inside a static method in programming languages like C++.

• Static local variables retain their values between function calls.

• Example: static void myStaticMethod() { static int count = 0; count++; }

To show count in a cumulative graph, use a line graph with time on x-axis and cumulative count on y-axis.

• Use a line graph to show the cumulative count over time

• Plot time on the x-axis and cumulative count on the y-axis

• Add a label to the y-axis indicating the cumulative count

• Use different colors or markers to differentiate between different data sets

• Include a legend to explain the different colors/markers used

CSAT is a customer satisfaction metric used to measure how happy customers are with a product or service.

• CSAT is calculated by asking customers to rate their satisfaction on a scale of 1-5 or 1-10.

• To calculate CSAT, divide the number of satisfied customers by the total number of customers surveyed and multiply by 100.

• I am okay for 24/7 shift and will make customers happy by actively listening to their concerns, providing timely and accurate solutions, and going above and beyo...read more

Memory overhead issues can be fixed by optimizing code, reducing unnecessary data, and using efficient data structures.

• Analyze code to identify memory leaks and optimize it

• Reduce unnecessary data by removing unused variables and objects

• Use efficient data structures like arrays instead of linked lists

• Implement caching to reduce memory usage

• Use garbage collection to free up memory

• Consider using a memory profiler to identify memory usage patterns

• Ensure proper memory allocation a...read more

Entity framework supports left/right join to pull details from joinee table.

• Use LINQ to perform left/right join in Entity framework

• Use DefaultIfEmpty() method to perform left join

• Use join...into statement to perform right join

• Example: var result = from employee in context.Employees

• join department in context.Departments on employee.DepartmentId equals department.Id into empDept

• from department in empDept.DefaultIfEmpty() select new { employee.Name, department.Name }

Yes, I have worked with nUnit framework.

• I have used nUnit for unit testing in C# projects.

• I am familiar with its syntax and assertions.

• I have integrated nUnit with Visual Studio for continuous testing.

• I have used nUnit to test both simple and complex scenarios.

• For example, I used nUnit to test a payment processing system.

• I also used nUnit to test a complex algorithm for data analysis.

A dangling pointer is a pointer that points to a memory location that has been deallocated or freed.

• Dangling pointers can cause crashes or unexpected behavior when accessed.

• They can occur when a pointer is not set to NULL after the memory it points to is freed.

• Example: int *ptr = malloc(sizeof(int)); free(ptr); printf('%d', *ptr);

• In the above example, ptr becomes a dangling pointer after the memory it points to is freed.

Handling customized exceptions in controller advice with example code

• Create a custom exception class that extends RuntimeException

• Create a controller advice class to handle exceptions globally

• Use @ExceptionHandler annotation in the controller advice class to handle specific exceptions

• Return a custom error response with appropriate status code and message

Visual representation is preferred for learning.

• Visual representation helps in better understanding complex concepts

• Visual aids like diagrams, charts, and videos can enhance learning

• Visual learning can improve retention and recall of information

This question is about calculating the number of vowels and consonants in a string.

• Iterate through each character in the string

• Check if the character is a vowel or a consonant

• Increment the respective count variable

• Return the counts of vowels and consonants

Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a new class is derived from an existing class.

• It allows the new class to inherit the properties and methods of the existing class.

• The existing class is called the parent or base class, and the new class is called the child or derived class.

• There are different types of inheritance: single, multiple, multilevel, and hierarchical.

• Example: A car class can be a parent class, and a sedan class can be a child class that inherits the properties...read more

Angular component life cycle includes various hooks provided by Angular framework for managing component initialization, change detection, and destruction.

• ngOnChanges: Called when input properties of a component change

• ngOnInit: Called once when the component is initialized

• ngDoCheck: Called during every change detection run

• ngAfterContentInit: Called after content (ng-content) has been projected into the component

• ngAfterContentChecked: Called after every check of the projected ...read more

The box model in CSS defines the design and layout of elements on a webpage.

• The box model consists of content, padding, border, and margin.

• Content is the actual content of the element, padding is the space between the content and the border, border is the border around the element, and margin is the space outside the border.

• To create responsive websites and web applications, use media queries to adjust styles based on screen size, use flexible units like percentages or ems, a...read more

Stock market & insurance are both financial instruments used for investment and risk management.

• Stock market involves buying and selling of shares of publicly traded companies

• Insurance is a contract between an individual and an insurance company to protect against financial loss

• Both involve risk management and investment

• Stock market investments can be insured through options and futures contracts

• Insurance companies may invest in the stock market to generate returns for policy...read more

String memory allocation is dynamic and depends on the length of the string.

• String memory allocation is dynamic and can change based on the length of the string.

• In Java, a String object is stored in the heap memory.

• Each character in a String typically takes up 2 bytes of memory.

• String objects in Java are immutable, meaning once a String object is created, it cannot be changed.

Find the 2nd greatest in 2 different ways

• Sort the array and return the second largest element

• Use a loop to find the largest element and then find the second largest element

• Use a priority queue to find the second largest element

RAM and ROM are types of computer memory. Control Panel is a settings menu. Shortcuts are quick ways to open programs.

• RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is used for temporary storage of data that the computer is currently using.

• ROM stands for Read-Only Memory and is used for permanent storage of data that cannot be changed.

• Control Panel is a settings menu in Windows that allows users to change various system settings such as display, sound, and network settings.

• Shortcuts...read more

Endpoints are URLs that clients use to access resources in a WebAPI.

• Endpoints are the entry points for a WebAPI.

• They define the resources that can be accessed by clients.

• Endpoints are identified by a URL and HTTP method.

• Examples of endpoints include /api/users and /api/products.

• Endpoints can have parameters that are passed in the URL or request body.

Excel uses IF, SUMIF, COUNTIF, AVERAGEIF, and other formulas for condition based scenarios.

• IF formula checks if a condition is met and returns one value if true and another if false.

• SUMIF formula adds up values in a range that meet a certain condition.

• COUNTIF formula counts the number of cells in a range that meet a certain condition.

• AVERAGEIF formula calculates the average of values in a range that meet a certain condition.

• Other formulas like MAXIF, MINIF, and CONCATENATEIF ...read more

Partitions in Informatica help in parallel processing and improving performance.

• Partitions in databases and Informatica serve different purposes

• Informatica partitions help in parallel processing of data

• Improves performance by distributing data processing across multiple nodes

• Allows for better resource utilization and faster data processing

• Example: Partitioning in Informatica can be used to process large volumes of data efficiently

Handle exceptions globally in Springboot REST API

• Use @ControllerAdvice annotation to define global exception handling for all controllers

• Create a class annotated with @ControllerAdvice and define methods to handle specific exceptions

• Use @ExceptionHandler annotation to specify which exceptions the method should handle

• Return appropriate HTTP status codes and error messages in the exception handling methods

The @SpringBootApplication annotation includes @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan annotations.

• Includes @Configuration annotation to specify that the class can be used by the Spring IoC container as a source of bean definitions.

• Includes @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation to enable Spring Boot's auto-configuration feature.

• Includes @ComponentScan annotation to specify the base packages to scan for components.

Change management is the process of planning, implementing, and monitoring changes to improve business processes.

• Identify the need for change

• Plan and design the change

• Implement the change

• Monitor and evaluate the change

• Communicate the change to stakeholders

• Ensure proper training and support for the change

• Continuously improve the change process

The transaction would not have been completed and the user account would not have been updated.

• Transaction would be in an incomplete state

• User account would not reflect the transaction

• Data integrity may be compromised

DI can be achieved through method, constructor, and property level patterns.

• Method level DI involves passing dependencies as method parameters.

• Constructor level DI involves passing dependencies as constructor parameters.

• Property level DI involves setting dependencies as properties of an object.

• Examples of DI frameworks that use these patterns include Spring and Unity.

• Choosing the appropriate pattern depends on the specific use case and design considerations.

A class not exception refers to a class that does not inherit from the Exception class, while a no definition class refers to a class that has not been defined or declared.

• A class not exception does not have the built-in exception handling capabilities provided by the Exception class.

• A no definition class means that the class has not been defined or declared in the code.

• An example of a class not exception could be a custom class created for data manipulation, which does not n...read more

Explaining the difference between findElement and findElements and defining interface.

• findElement returns the first matching element on the page while findElements returns a list of all matching elements.

• Both methods are used to locate web elements on a page using locators such as ID, class name, name, etc.

• An interface is a collection of abstract methods that can be implemented by a class. It defines a contract that the implementing class must follow.

• In Java, interfaces are u...read more

Using Java 8, filter names starting with 'A' and in department 2 and add them to a new list.

• Use Java 8 stream to filter names starting with 'A' and in department 2

• Collect the filtered names into a new list