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Analytical functions in SQL are used to perform calculations across a set of rows related to the current row.
Analytical functions operate on a group of rows and return a single result for each row.
They can be used to calculate running totals, moving averages, rank, percentiles, etc.
Examples include ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), SUM() OVER(), AVG() OVER().
Resolved a critical bug causing data loss and implemented a new feature for better user experience.
Identified root cause of data loss bug by analyzing database queries and logs
Collaborated with cross-functional teams to prioritize and implement a fix
Designed and implemented a new feature based on user feedback to enhance usability
Procedures are used to perform an action, while functions return a value.
Procedures do not return a value, while functions do.
Functions can be used in SQL queries, while procedures cannot.
Functions can be called from within SQL statements, while procedures cannot.
Procedures can have OUT parameters to return multiple values, while functions can only return a single value.
I conducted thorough analysis by reviewing code, logs, and discussing with team members.
Reviewed code to identify potential issues
Analyzed logs for error messages and patterns
Discussed with team members to gather insights and perspectives
Used debugging tools to trace the root cause
A trigger in database management is a special type of stored procedure that is automatically executed when certain events occur in a database.
Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, maintain referential integrity, and automate repetitive tasks.
There are two main types of triggers: row-level triggers and statement-level triggers.
Row-level triggers are fired for each row affected by a triggering statement, w...
Different types of indexes include B-tree, Bitmap, Function-based, and Reverse key indexes.
B-tree indexes are the most common type and are suitable for most indexing needs.
Bitmap indexes are used for columns with low cardinality, such as gender or status columns.
Function-based indexes are created based on expressions or functions applied to columns.
Reverse key indexes store keys in reverse order to reduce contenti...
Types of cursors in database management systems include implicit, explicit, and parameterized cursors.
Implicit cursors are automatically created by the database when a SQL statement is executed.
Explicit cursors are defined by the programmer and give more control over the result set.
Parameterized cursors allow for dynamic SQL statements with parameters.
Examples: SELECT statement using implicit cursor, DECLARE, OPEN...
A package is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables, and other PL/SQL constructs.
Packages help organize and encapsulate code for easier maintenance and reuse.
They can contain both public and private elements.
Packages can be used to group related functionality together, improving code modularity.
Example: CREATE PACKAGE my_package AS ... END my_package;
Use a subquery to find the third highest salary in a table.
Use the RANK() function to assign a rank to each salary in descending order.
Filter the results to only include rows with a rank of 3.
Consider handling ties in salaries appropriately.
Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column.
Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.
Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;
Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column.
Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.
Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;
Some built-in functions in SQL include AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, and CONCAT.
AVG: Calculates the average value of a numeric column
COUNT: Counts the number of rows in a result set
MAX: Returns the maximum value in a column
MIN: Returns the minimum value in a column
SUM: Calculates the sum of values in a column
CONCAT: Concatenates two or more strings together
Types of cursors in database management systems include implicit, explicit, and parameterized cursors.
Implicit cursors are automatically created by the database when a SQL statement is executed.
Explicit cursors are defined by the programmer and give more control over the result set.
Parameterized cursors allow for dynamic SQL statements with parameters.
Examples: SELECT statement using implicit cursor, DECLARE, OPEN, FET...
Procedures are used to perform an action, while functions return a value.
Procedures do not return a value, while functions do.
Functions can be used in SQL queries, while procedures cannot.
Functions can be called from within SQL statements, while procedures cannot.
Procedures can have OUT parameters to return multiple values, while functions can only return a single value.
Use a subquery to find the third highest salary in a table.
Use the RANK() function to assign a rank to each salary in descending order.
Filter the results to only include rows with a rank of 3.
Consider handling ties in salaries appropriately.
A package is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables, and other PL/SQL constructs.
Packages help organize and encapsulate code for easier maintenance and reuse.
They can contain both public and private elements.
Packages can be used to group related functionality together, improving code modularity.
Example: CREATE PACKAGE my_package AS ... END my_package;
Resolved a critical bug causing data loss and implemented a new feature for better user experience.
Identified root cause of data loss bug by analyzing database queries and logs
Collaborated with cross-functional teams to prioritize and implement a fix
Designed and implemented a new feature based on user feedback to enhance usability
Different types of indexes include B-tree, Bitmap, Function-based, and Reverse key indexes.
B-tree indexes are the most common type and are suitable for most indexing needs.
Bitmap indexes are used for columns with low cardinality, such as gender or status columns.
Function-based indexes are created based on expressions or functions applied to columns.
Reverse key indexes store keys in reverse order to reduce contention in...
Analytical functions in SQL are used to perform calculations across a set of rows related to the current row.
Analytical functions operate on a group of rows and return a single result for each row.
They can be used to calculate running totals, moving averages, rank, percentiles, etc.
Examples include ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), SUM() OVER(), AVG() OVER().
Aggregate functions in SQL are functions that operate on a set of values and return a single value as output.
Aggregate functions include functions like SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, and MAX.
They are used with the GROUP BY clause to perform calculations on groups of rows.
Examples: SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees; SELECT AVG(age) FROM students GROUP BY class;
I identified and optimized slow-performing SQL queries by analyzing execution plans and indexing strategies.
Identified slow-performing SQL queries using tools like Oracle SQL Developer or TOAD.
Analyzed execution plans to understand query performance bottlenecks.
Optimized queries by rewriting SQL code, adding indexes, or restructuring data.
Used tools like Explain Plan or SQL Tuning Advisor to improve query performance.
R...
Data modeling is the process of creating a visual representation of data structures and relationships within a database.
Data modeling helps in organizing and understanding complex data systems.
It involves identifying entities, attributes, and relationships between them.
Examples include ER diagrams, UML diagrams, and relational data models.
I conducted thorough analysis by reviewing code, logs, and discussing with team members.
Reviewed code to identify potential issues
Analyzed logs for error messages and patterns
Discussed with team members to gather insights and perspectives
Used debugging tools to trace the root cause
A trigger in database management is a special type of stored procedure that is automatically executed when certain events occur in a database.
Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, maintain referential integrity, and automate repetitive tasks.
There are two main types of triggers: row-level triggers and statement-level triggers.
Row-level triggers are fired for each row affected by a triggering statement, while ...
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Delete removes rows from a table, drop removes the entire table, and truncate removes all rows from a table.
Delete is a DML operation and can be rolled back, but it is slower than truncate.
Drop is a DDL operation and cannot be rolled back. It removes the table and all associated objects.
Truncate is a DDL operation and cannot be rolled back. It removes all rows from the table but keeps the table structure.
Delete and tru...
Table stores data in a structured format while view is a virtual table created from a query.
Table is a physical object while view is a logical object.
Table can be modified while view cannot be modified directly.
Table can have indexes while view cannot have indexes.
Table can have constraints while view cannot have constraints.
View can be used to simplify complex queries by joining multiple tables.
View can be used to res...
I have used both implicit and explicit cursors in PL/SQL development.
Implicit cursors are used for single-row queries while explicit cursors are used for multi-row queries.
I have used explicit cursors with parameters to make the query more dynamic.
I have also used cursor variables to pass cursors as parameters to procedures and functions.
Examples of cursor types I have used include FOR LOOP, FETCH, and UPDATE cursors.
Primary key uniquely identifies a record in a table, while unique key ensures uniqueness of a column or set of columns.
Primary key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each record in a table
Unique key ensures that a column or set of columns have unique values
Primary key cannot have null values, while unique key can have null values
A table can have only one primary key, but multiple unique keys
Create a function based on shared logic
Identify common logic that can be reused in multiple functions
Create a separate function to encapsulate the shared logic
Call the shared function from other functions where the logic is needed
Retrieve previous and next dates for a specific department's entity in a database using PL/SQL.
Use a SELECT statement with JOINs to fetch data from relevant tables.
Utilize the LEAD() and LAG() analytic functions to get next and previous dates.
Example: SELECT department_id, date_column, LAG(date_column) OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY date_column) AS previous_date, LEAD(date_column) OVER (PARTITION BY departme...
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Developed a PL/SQL project for managing inventory and sales data in a retail store.
Designed database tables to store product information, sales transactions, and customer details.
Implemented PL/SQL procedures and functions for adding, updating, and querying data.
Created triggers to enforce business rules and maintain data integrity.
Developed reports using PL/SQL queries to analyze sales performance and inventory levels...
I work on performance optimization by analyzing query execution plans, indexing, and code refactoring.
Analyzing query execution plans to identify bottlenecks
Creating appropriate indexes to improve query performance
Refactoring code to optimize resource usage
Using tools like Explain Plan and SQL Tuning Advisor
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed before Sep 2019. There were 6 interview rounds.
posted on 21 Mar 2015
I am a software developer with experience in various programming languages and frameworks.
Proficient in Java, C++, and Python
Familiar with web development using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Experience with database management systems such as MySQL and MongoDB
Strong problem-solving and analytical skills
Worked on projects involving machine learning and artificial intelligence
Method overloading is having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding is having a subclass method with the same name and parameters as a superclass method.
Method overloading is used to provide different ways of calling the same method with different parameters.
Method overriding is used to provide a specific implementation of a method in a subclass that is already defined in the su...
Switch case is used for multiple conditions while if else is used for binary conditions.
Switch case is faster than if else for multiple conditions.
If else can handle complex conditions while switch case cannot.
Switch case can only compare values of the same data type.
If else can handle null values while switch case cannot.
Example: switch (day) { case 1: console.log('Monday'); break; case 2: console.log('Tuesday'); brea...
Interface and abstract class are both used for abstraction in object-oriented programming.
An interface is a collection of abstract methods that define a contract for a class to implement.
An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods.
Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance in Java.
Abstract classes can have non-abstract methods and instance variables.
An example of a...
Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.
It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were objects of the same class.
It is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.
Example: A shape class can have multiple subclasses like circle, square, etc. and all can be treated as shapes.
Example: A method can have different implementations in different classes but with the sa...
Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a new class is created by inheriting properties of an existing class.
Inheritance allows code reusability and saves time and effort in writing new code.
The existing class is called the parent or base class, and the new class is called the child or derived class.
The child class inherits all the properties and methods of the parent class and can also add its ...
Default case in switch case statement
Default case is executed when no other case matches the switch expression
It is optional and can be placed anywhere in the switch statement
It is often used to handle unexpected input or errors
It should always be the last case in the switch statement
I am a passionate software developer with a strong background in web development and a love for problem-solving.
Experienced in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and various web development frameworks
Proficient in backend development using languages like Java, Python, and Node.js
Familiar with database management systems such as MySQL and MongoDB
Strong problem-solving skills and ability to work well in a team environment
I tend to get overly focused on details, which can sometimes slow down my progress.
I have a tendency to spend too much time on perfecting small details
I sometimes struggle with prioritizing tasks due to my focus on details
I am working on improving my time management skills to balance detail-oriented work with efficiency
Yes, I have received offers from two other companies.
Received offers from Company A and Company B
Currently evaluating all offers to make an informed decision
Considering factors like company culture, growth opportunities, and compensation
I would like to join Google because of their innovative projects and work culture.
Google is known for its cutting-edge technology and innovative projects.
They have a strong focus on employee well-being and work-life balance.
Google offers opportunities for career growth and development.
The company has a diverse and inclusive work culture.
Google is a leader in the tech industry with a global presence.
Yes, I have worked in multiple teams in various projects.
Worked in a team of developers to create a new software application
Collaborated with designers, testers, and project managers to meet project deadlines
Participated in daily stand-up meetings to discuss progress and roadblocks
Yes, they are similar.
All 8 metal balls are of the same material.
They have the same size and weight.
They have the same physical properties.
They are interchangeable in any given situation.
To reverse a string without using any looping and inbuilt functions, we can use recursion.
Create a function that takes a string as input.
If the length of the string is 0 or 1, return the string.
Otherwise, call the function recursively with the substring starting from the second character and concatenate the first character at the end.
Return the reversed string.
Example: reverseString('hello') returns 'olleh'.
Developed a web-based inventory management system for a retail company.
Used HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the front-end development.
Implemented a RESTful API using Node.js and Express for the back-end.
Utilized a MySQL database to store and manage inventory data.
Implemented features like product search, order management, and reporting.
Ensured data security and user authentication using encryption and JWT.
Collaborated wi...
The missing rupee is not actually missing. The calculation is misleading and does not account for the total amount paid.
The initial amount paid by each person was Rs.10, totaling Rs.30.
The owner gave them a discount of Rs.5, so they paid Rs.25 in total.
The broker took Rs.2, leaving them with Rs.23.
When the broker returned Rs.1 to each person, they each received Rs.1 back, totaling Rs.3.
So, the total amount paid by the ...
Inheritance in Java allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.
Inheritance is achieved using the 'extends' keyword.
The class that is being inherited from is called the superclass or parent class.
The class that inherits from the superclass is called the subclass or child class.
Subclasses can access the public and protected members of the superclass.
Inheritance promotes code reusability and allow...
A program to check if a given number is a palindrome or not.
Convert the number to a string.
Reverse the string and compare it with the original string.
If they are equal, the number is a palindrome.
If not, the number is not a palindrome.
Normalisation is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
It involves breaking down a table into smaller tables and defining relationships between them.
Normalization helps to eliminate data inconsistencies and anomalies.
There are different levels of normalization, with each level having specific rules to follow.
For example, first normal form (1NF) requires that each t...
Yes, I am ready to relocate anywhere in India or outside upon company needs.
I am open to exploring new locations and cultures.
I understand that relocation may be necessary for career growth and opportunities.
I am adaptable and willing to adjust to new environments.
I have experience working in diverse teams and can easily integrate into new settings.
I would be ready to accept a project in Java even if I was trained in DotNet earlier.
I have a strong foundation in programming principles and concepts, which can be applied to any language.
I am confident in my ability to quickly learn and adapt to new technologies.
I have experience working with multiple programming languages and frameworks.
I can leverage my knowledge of DotNet to understand similar concepts in Java.
I a...
I want to join Sapient because of its reputation for innovative projects and collaborative work environment.
Sapient is known for working on cutting-edge projects that push the boundaries of technology
I value the collaborative work environment at Sapient, where team members support each other to achieve success
I am impressed by Sapient's commitment to professional development and growth opportunities for employees
My expectations from Sapient
I expect Sapient to provide a challenging and innovative work environment
I expect Sapient to offer opportunities for professional growth and learning
I expect Sapient to have a collaborative and supportive team culture
I expect Sapient to provide competitive compensation and benefits
I expect Sapient to have a strong focus on quality and delivering excellent software solutions
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