20+ Interview Questions and Answers

Extern and static are storage classes in C programming language.

• Extern is used to declare a variable or function that is defined in another file.

• Static is used to declare a variable or function that is only accessible within the same file.

• Extern variables have global scope while static variables have local scope.

• Extern functions can be used in other files while static functions cannot be used outside the file they are defined in.

Compilation process is the process of converting source code into machine code by a compiler.

• Source code is written in a high-level programming language

• Compiler translates the source code into machine code

• Compilation involves multiple steps like lexical analysis, syntax analysis, optimization, and code generation

The default value of reg keyword is garbage value due to performance optimization.

• Garbage value is faster to assign than initializing to a specific value.

• Initializing to a specific value would require additional instructions and memory access.

• The value of reg keyword is expected to be overwritten before use.

• Garbage value can help in detecting uninitialized variables during testing.

• Example: int x; // x will have a garbage value until assigned a value.

Data structures are ways of organizing and storing data in a computer so that it can be accessed and used efficiently.

• Types of data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables.

• Arrays are a collection of elements stored in contiguous memory locations, accessed using an index.

• Linked lists are a series of nodes where each node contains data and a reference to the next node.

• Stacks follow the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle, where ele...read more

Using auto keyword in local scope only ensures type safety and avoids unintended side effects.

• Auto keyword deduces the type of the variable from its initializer expression.

• Using auto in local scope avoids unintended type conversions and promotes type safety.

• Auto keyword should not be used for function parameters or class members.

• Example: auto x = 10; // x is deduced as int

• Example: auto y = 3.14; // y is deduced as double

Use super() method to call parent's init method in child class.

• Use super() method in child class to call parent's init method.

• Pass the child class and self as arguments to super() method.

• Access the parent class attributes and methods using super().

Pointers are variables that store memory addresses of other variables or functions.

• Pointers are used to access and manipulate memory directly.

• They are often used in dynamic memory allocation.

• Pointers can be used to pass variables by reference.

• Example: int *ptr; ptr = # *ptr = 10; // num now equals 10

Object-oriented programming concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class). Example: class Car with properties like make, model, and methods like start(), stop().

• Inheritance: creating new classes based on existing classes, inheriting their attributes and methods. Example: class SUV inheriting from class Car.

• Polymorphism: ability of objects to take on multip...read more

A class is a blueprint for creating objects in object-oriented programming. Objects are instances of classes.

• A class defines the properties and behaviors of objects. For example, a 'Car' class may have properties like 'color' and 'model', and behaviors like 'drive' and 'stop'.

• An object is an instance of a class. For example, 'myCar' can be an object of the 'Car' class with specific values for 'color' and 'model'.

• Code example in Python: class Car: def __init__(self, color, mod...read more

Virtual functions are functions in a base class that are overridden in derived classes, while static functions belong to the class itself rather than instances.

• Virtual functions allow for dynamic binding and polymorphism in object-oriented programming.

• Static functions are associated with the class itself and can be called without creating an instance of the class.

• Example: virtual void display() = 0; // pure virtual function in C++

• Example: static void printMessage() { cout << ...read more

randc behavior generates random complex numbers with specified distribution

• Use randc to generate random complex numbers

• Specify distribution using arguments like mean, variance, etc.

• Example: randc(10, 1, 2) generates 10 random complex numbers with mean 1 and variance 2

Scrum Metrics include burndown charts, velocity, sprint burndown, and team velocity.

• Burndown charts track the remaining work in a sprint.

• Velocity measures the amount of work completed in a sprint.

• Sprint burndown shows the daily progress of the team during a sprint.

• Team velocity calculates the average amount of work completed by the team in a sprint.

Polymorphism is the ability of a function or method to behave differently based on the object it is acting upon.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• It enables a single interface to represent multiple data types.

• Examples include method overloading and method overriding in object-oriented programming.

Angular life cycle hooks are methods that allow you to tap into specific points in a component's life cycle.

• ngOnChanges: Called when an input property changes

• ngOnInit: Called once the component is initialized

• ngDoCheck: Called during every change detection run

• ngAfterContentInit: Called after content (ng-content) has been projected into the component

• ngAfterContentChecked: Called after every check of the projected content

• ngAfterViewInit: Called after the component's view has bee...read more

Unordered Map is a container that stores key-value pairs with unique keys. Map is a container that stores key-value pairs with unique keys. Multimap is a container that stores key-value pairs with duplicate keys.

• Unordered Map does not maintain any particular order of elements.

• Map maintains the order of elements based on the key's comparison function.

• Multimap allows duplicate keys and stores them in sorted order.

Angular file structure organizes code into modules, components, services, and assets.

• Angular projects have a src folder containing app and assets folders

• App folder contains modules, components, services, and other files

• Components have their own folder with HTML, CSS, and TypeScript files

• Services are placed in a separate folder for reusability

• Assets folder stores static files like images and fonts

Http client module is a module in programming languages that allows communication with HTTP servers.

• Http client module is used to send requests to servers and receive responses.

• It can handle various HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.

• It can also handle headers, cookies, and other request/response parameters.

• Examples include HttpClient in Java, requests module in Python, axios in JavaScript.

CSS box model is a fundamental concept in web design that defines the structure and layout of elements on a webpage.

• The box model consists of content, padding, border, and margin.

• Content area is where text or images are displayed.

• Padding is the space between the content and the border.

• Border is the line that surrounds the padding.

• Margin is the space outside the border.

• Each of these components can be styled using CSS properties like padding, border, and margin.

I resolve conflicts by facilitating open communication, active listening, and finding mutually agreeable solutions.

• Encourage open communication between parties involved in the conflict

• Practice active listening to understand each party's perspective

• Facilitate a discussion to find common ground and mutually agreeable solutions

• Mediate the conflict by focusing on the issue at hand rather than personal differences

Reverse a given string

• Use a loop to iterate through the characters of the string

• Append each character to a new string in reverse order

• Return the reversed string

Auth guards are used in software development to control access to certain resources based on user authentication and authorization.

• Auth guards are used in web applications to restrict access to certain routes or resources based on user authentication.

• They are commonly used in frameworks like Angular and Laravel to protect routes from unauthorized access.

• Auth guards can check if a user is authenticated and authorized to access a specific resource before allowing them to procee...read more

Angular lifecycle refers to the sequence of events that occur from the creation of a component to its destruction.

• Angular components go through various lifecycle hooks such as ngOnInit, ngOnChanges, ngOnDestroy, etc.

• These hooks allow developers to perform actions at specific points in the component's lifecycle.

• For example, ngOnInit is used to initialize data in a component when it is first created.

• ngOnChanges is called whenever the input properties of a component change.

• ngOnD...read more

Find the frequency of each character in a given string.

• Iterate through the string and count the occurrences of each character

• Store the frequencies in a map or array

• Return the map or array with the frequencies

I am open to relocating to the client's location if required.

• I am willing to relocate for the right opportunity

• I understand the importance of being on-site for certain projects

• I have previous experience relocating for work, such as when I moved for my last job