Microsoft Corporation Intern Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. Given a target and a binary tree, return true if there is a path to target
Ans. 
Check if there is a path in a binary tree to a given target
• Start from the root node and traverse the tree using depth-first search (DFS)

• Keep track of the current path sum and compare it with the target value

• Return true if a path with the target sum is found, otherwise return false
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Q2. Square root of N
Ans. 
The square root of a number N is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives N.
• The square root of 9 is 3, because 3 * 3 = 9

• The square root of 16 is 4, because 4 * 4 = 16

• The square root of 25 is 5, because 5 * 5 = 25
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Multiple choice questions

Q1. Two sum Water tank problem
Ans. 
Two sum problem involves finding two numbers in an array that add up to a specific target. Water tank problem involves calculating the amount of water that can be trapped between the bars.
• For Two sum problem, use a hashmap to store the difference between the target and each element in the array. Check if the current element exists in the hashmap.

• For Water tank problem, use two pointers approach to calculate the maximum...read more
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Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - null
Online test consisted of two questions which we had to solve in 90 minutes. It was conducted on Codility.

Q1. Reverse the order of words in a given sentence(an array of characters)
Ans. 
To reverse the order of words in a given sentence, we need to split the sentence into words and then reverse the order of the resulting array.
• Split the sentence into words using a delimiter like space or comma

• Reverse the resulting array of words

• Join the reversed array of words using a delimiter to form the reversed sentence
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Q2. Given N people of an M*M grid, find the point that requires the least total distance by all people to meet at that point.
Ans. 
Given N people on an M*M grid, find the point with the least total distance for all to meet.
• Calculate the Manhattan distance for each point on the grid

• Find the point with the minimum total distance

• Use dynamic programming to optimize the solution

• Consider edge cases such as when N=1 or M=1
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Round duration - 50 minute
Round difficulty - null
This was also a coding round. The interviewer gave me two questions that I had to code.

Q1. Number of islands problem
Ans. 
The number of islands problem involves counting the number of connected islands in a grid.
• An island is a group of connected 1s in a grid of 0s and 1s.

• Use depth-first search or breadth-first search to traverse the grid and count the islands.

• Keep track of visited cells to avoid counting the same island multiple times.
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Q2. Scope resolution program
Ans. 
Scope resolution program is used to determine the scope of a variable in a program.
• It helps in identifying the location of a variable in a program

• It helps in avoiding naming conflicts between variables

• It can be done using the dot operator or the arrow operator in object-oriented programming

• It can also be done using the scope resolution operator (::) in C++
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This was a theoretical round. The Interviewer asked me questions about my college and discipline.

Q1. Explain your final year project.
Ans. 
Developed a mobile app for tracking and managing personal finances.
• Used React Native for cross-platform development

• Implemented features such as budget tracking, expense categorization, and bill reminders

• Integrated with third-party APIs for real-time stock market data

• Conducted user testing and implemented feedback for improved user experience
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Q2. What type of difficulties you faced while creating the project?
Ans. 
I faced difficulties in managing the project timeline and coordinating with team members.
• Coordinating with team members who were working remotely

• Managing the project timeline and ensuring timely delivery

• Dealing with unexpected technical issues and bugs

• Ensuring the project met the client's requirements and expectations
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Q3. A binary tree type question
Ans. 
A binary tree is a data structure in which each node has at most two children.
• Binary trees are used in computer science for efficient searching and sorting algorithms.

• Examples of binary trees include binary search trees, AVL trees, and red-black trees.

• Traversal methods for binary trees include in-order, pre-order, and post-order traversal.

• Binary trees can also be used to represent hierarchical data, such as file system
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