Isobar Interview Questions and Answers

Network layers are a hierarchical way of organizing communication protocols.

• Network layers provide a modular approach to networking.

• Each layer has a specific function and communicates with adjacent layers.

• The OSI model has 7 layers, while the TCP/IP model has 4 layers.

• Examples of layers include the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer.

Deadlock is a situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed because they are waiting for each other to release resources.

• Occurs in multi-threaded/multi-process environments

• Can lead to system freeze or crash

• Prevention techniques include resource ordering and timeouts

• Example: Process A holds resource X and waits for resource Y, while Process B holds resource Y and waits for resource X

Paging and Segmentation are memory management techniques used by operating systems.

• Paging divides memory into fixed-size pages and stores them in physical memory.

• Segmentation divides memory into logical segments and stores them in physical memory.

• Paging allows for efficient use of physical memory and reduces fragmentation.

• Segmentation allows for protection and sharing of memory between processes.

• Examples of operating s...read more

C++ is an extension of C with object-oriented programming features.

• C++ supports classes and objects while C does not.

• C++ has better support for polymorphism and inheritance.

• C++ has a standard template library (STL) which C does not have.

• C++ allows function overloading while C does not.

• C++ has exception handling while C does not.

For loop is used for iterating over a sequence while while loop is used for iterating until a condition is met.

• For loop is used when the number of iterations is known beforehand

• While loop is used when the number of iterations is not known beforehand

• For loop is faster than while loop for iterating over a sequence

• While loop is useful for iterating until a specific condition is met

• For loop can be used with range() functio...read more

To reverse a string without using any looping and inbuilt functions, we can use recursion.

• Create a function that takes a string as input.

• If the length of the string is 0 or 1, return the string.

• Otherwise, call the function recursively with the substring starting from the second character and concatenate the first character at the end.

• Return the reversed string.

• Example: reverseString('hello') returns 'olleh'.

A priority queue can be implemented using a single queue or multiple queues.

• One approach is to use a single queue and assign priorities to elements using a separate data structure.

• Another approach is to use multiple queues, each representing a different priority level.

• For example, if there are three priority levels, three queues can be used to implement the priority queue.

An array of objects can be used to implement a heterogeneous array.

• Each element in the array can be an object that represents a different data type.

• The objects can have different properties and methods based on their respective data types.

• For example, an element can be an object representing a string with a 'value' property and a 'length' method.

Developed a web-based inventory management system for a retail company.

• Used HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the front-end development.

• Implemented a RESTful API using Node.js and Express for the back-end.

• Utilized a MySQL database to store and manage inventory data.

• Implemented features like product search, order management, and reporting.

• Ensured data security and user authentication using encryption and JWT.

• Collaborated wi...read more

The missing rupee is not actually missing. The calculation is misleading and does not account for the total amount paid.

• The initial amount paid by each person was Rs.10, totaling Rs.30.

• The owner gave them a discount of Rs.5, so they paid Rs.25 in total.

• The broker took Rs.2, leaving them with Rs.23.

• When the broker returned Rs.1 to each person, they each received Rs.1 back, totaling Rs.3.

• So, the total amount paid by the ...read more

Inheritance in Java allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Inheritance is achieved using the 'extends' keyword.

• The class that is being inherited from is called the superclass or parent class.

• The class that inherits from the superclass is called the subclass or child class.

• Subclasses can access the public and protected members of the superclass.

• Inheritance promotes code reusability and allow...read more

A program to check if a given number is a palindrome or not.

• Convert the number to a string.

• Reverse the string and compare it with the original string.

• If they are equal, the number is a palindrome.

• If not, the number is not a palindrome.

Normalisation is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

• It involves breaking down a table into smaller tables and defining relationships between them.

• Normalization helps to eliminate data inconsistencies and anomalies.

• There are different levels of normalization, with each level having specific rules to follow.

• For example, first normal form (1NF) requires that each t...read more

Yes, I am ready to relocate anywhere in India or outside upon company needs.

• I am open to exploring new locations and cultures.

• I understand that relocation may be necessary for career growth and opportunities.

• I am adaptable and willing to adjust to new environments.

• I have experience working in diverse teams and can easily integrate into new settings.

I would be ready to accept a project in Java even if I was trained in DotNet earlier.

• I have a strong foundation in programming principles and concepts, which can be applied to any language.

• I am confident in my ability to quickly learn and adapt to new technologies.

• I have experience working with multiple programming languages and frameworks.

• I can leverage my knowledge of DotNet to understand similar concepts in Java.

• I a...read more

I want to join Sapient because of its reputation for innovative projects and collaborative work environment.

• Sapient is known for working on cutting-edge projects that push the boundaries of technology

• I value the collaborative work environment at Sapient, where team members support each other to achieve success

• I am impressed by Sapient's commitment to professional development and growth opportunities for employees

My expectations from Sapient

• I expect Sapient to provide a challenging and innovative work environment

• I expect Sapient to offer opportunities for professional growth and learning

• I expect Sapient to have a collaborative and supportive team culture

• I expect Sapient to provide competitive compensation and benefits

• I expect Sapient to have a strong focus on quality and delivering excellent software solutions

C is a procedural programming language while C++ is an object-oriented programming language.

• C is a low-level language while C++ is a high-level language.

• C++ supports object-oriented programming concepts like classes, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• C++ has better support for exception handling and templates.

• C++ is more complex than C and requires more memory.

• C++ is used for developing applications like video games, while...read more

A class is a blueprint for creating objects that have similar attributes and behaviors.

• Classes are used in object-oriented programming.

• They define the properties and methods that objects of that class will have.

• Objects are instances of a class.

• Classes can inherit properties and methods from other classes.

• Examples of classes include 'Person', 'Car', and 'Animal'.

An object is a self-contained entity that contains data and behavior.

• An object is an instance of a class.

• It has attributes (data) and methods (behavior).

• Objects can interact with each other through their methods.

• Examples include a car object with attributes like color and model, and methods like start and stop.

• Another example is a person object with attributes like name and age, and methods like walk and talk.

A variable that is associated with a class rather than with instances of the class.

• Static variables are declared using the static keyword.

• They are initialized only once, at the start of the program execution.

• They retain their value throughout the program's execution.

• They can be accessed without creating an instance of the class.

• Example: public static int count = 0;

Static variables have local scope but retain their value between function calls, while global variables have global scope.

• Static variables are declared inside a function and retain their value between function calls

• Global variables are declared outside of any function and can be accessed from any part of the program

• Static variables have local scope, while global variables have global scope

• Static variables are initializ...read more

Pointers are variables that store memory addresses of other variables.

• Pointers allow for dynamic memory allocation and manipulation.

• They are commonly used in programming languages like C and C++.

• Example: int *ptr; // declares a pointer to an integer variable

• Example: ptr = # // assigns the memory address of num to ptr

• Example: *ptr = 5; // assigns the value 5 to the variable pointed to by ptr

Structures are arrangements of elements that form a framework or framework-like support.

• Structures can be found in various fields such as engineering, architecture, and biology.

• They can be made of different materials such as steel, wood, or bone.

• Examples include bridges, buildings, and the skeletal system.

• Structures can be designed to withstand different types of forces such as compression, tension, or bending.

A stack is a data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

• Push: adds an element to the top of the stack

• Pop: removes the top element from the stack

• Peek: returns the top element without removing it

• IsEmpty: checks if the stack is empty

• Size: returns the number of elements in the stack

Three steps for using functions in C.

• Declare the function with its return type, name, and parameters.

• Define the function by writing the code for it.

• Call the function by using its name and passing arguments if necessary.

The limit for the number of arguments passed to functions is not fixed. Arrays or structures can be used to pass more parameters.

• The limit for the number of arguments passed to functions is not fixed and depends on the programming language and system architecture.

• In C programming language, there is no limit on the number of arguments that can be passed to a function.

• In Java, the maximum number of arguments that can be ...read more

A union is an organization formed by workers to protect their rights and interests in the workplace.

• Unions negotiate with employers for better wages, benefits, and working conditions.

• They also provide support and representation for workers in disputes with management.

• Membership in a union is voluntary, but members pay dues to support the union's activities.

• Unions can be industry-specific, such as the United Auto Worker...read more

if else is used for simple conditions while switch case is used for multiple conditions.

• if else is a sequential decision-making statement while switch case is a multi-branch decision-making statement

• if else is used when there are only a few conditions to be checked while switch case is used when there are multiple conditions to be checked

• if else can have multiple conditions in a single statement while switch case can o...read more

Member functions are functions that are defined inside a class and can access the class's private and protected members.

• Member functions are also known as methods.

• They can be used to manipulate the data members of an object.

• They can be overloaded, meaning multiple functions with the same name but different parameters can exist within a class.

• They can be declared as const, meaning they do not modify the object's state.

• E...read more

Find the output of c=++a+b-- where a=5 and b=4.

• The value of a is incremented by 1 before the addition operation

• The value of b is decremented by 1 after the addition operation

• The final value of c is 10

• The value of a becomes 6 and the value of b becomes 3

10 plants can be planted in 5 rows with 4 plants in each row.

• Divide the plants into groups of 4.

• Arrange the groups in 5 rows.

• Each row will have 4 plants.

Exceptions handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors in Java programs.

• Exceptions are objects that are thrown at runtime when an error occurs

• Java provides try-catch-finally blocks to handle exceptions

• Checked exceptions must be handled or declared in the method signature

• Unchecked exceptions can be handled or left unhandled

• Custom exceptions can be created by extending the Exception class

I have experience in project management, data analysis, and consulting across various industries.

• Managed multiple projects simultaneously, ensuring timely delivery and client satisfaction

• Analyzed data to identify trends and provide insights for clients

• Consulted with clients to develop and implement strategies for growth and efficiency

• Worked with clients in industries such as healthcare, finance, and retail

• Collaborated ...read more

To gain experience in consulting and develop skills in project management, team leadership, and client relations.

• Gain experience in consulting

• Develop skills in project management

• Develop skills in team leadership

• Develop skills in client relations

I am a software developer with experience in various programming languages and frameworks.

• Proficient in Java, C++, and Python

• Familiar with web development using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

• Experience with database management systems such as MySQL and MongoDB

• Strong problem-solving and analytical skills

• Worked on projects involving machine learning and artificial intelligence

Method overloading is having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding is having a subclass method with the same name and parameters as a superclass method.

• Method overloading is used to provide different ways of calling the same method with different parameters.

• Method overriding is used to provide a specific implementation of a method in a subclass that is already defined in the su...read more

Switch case is used for multiple conditions while if else is used for binary conditions.

• Switch case is faster than if else for multiple conditions.

• If else can handle complex conditions while switch case cannot.

• Switch case can only compare values of the same data type.

• If else can handle null values while switch case cannot.

• Example: switch (day) { case 1: console.log('Monday'); break; case 2: console.log('Tuesday'); brea...read more

Interface and abstract class are both used for abstraction in object-oriented programming.

• An interface is a collection of abstract methods that define a contract for a class to implement.

• An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods.

• Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance in Java.

• Abstract classes can have non-abstract methods and instance variables.

• An example of a...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were objects of the same class.

• It is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Example: A shape class can have multiple subclasses like circle, square, etc. and all can be treated as shapes.

• Example: A method can have different implementations in different classes but with the sa

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a new class is created by inheriting properties of an existing class.

• Inheritance allows code reusability and saves time and effort in writing new code.

• The existing class is called the parent or base class, and the new class is called the child or derived class.

• The child class inherits all the properties and methods of the parent class and can also add its ...read more

Default case in switch case statement

• Default case is executed when no other case matches the switch expression

• It is optional and can be placed anywhere in the switch statement

• It is often used to handle unexpected input or errors

• It should always be the last case in the switch statement

I am a passionate software developer with a strong background in web development and a love for problem-solving.

• Experienced in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and various web development frameworks

• Proficient in backend development using languages like Java, Python, and Node.js

• Familiar with database management systems such as MySQL and MongoDB

• Strong problem-solving skills and ability to work well in a team environment

I tend to get overly focused on details, which can sometimes slow down my progress.

• I have a tendency to spend too much time on perfecting small details

• I sometimes struggle with prioritizing tasks due to my focus on details

• I am working on improving my time management skills to balance detail-oriented work with efficiency

Yes, I have received offers from two other companies.

• Received offers from Company A and Company B

• Currently evaluating all offers to make an informed decision

• Considering factors like company culture, growth opportunities, and compensation

I would like to join Google because of their innovative projects and work culture.

• Google is known for its cutting-edge technology and innovative projects.

• They have a strong focus on employee well-being and work-life balance.

• Google offers opportunities for career growth and development.

• The company has a diverse and inclusive work culture.

• Google is a leader in the tech industry with a global presence.

Yes, I have worked in multiple teams in various projects.

• Worked in a team of developers to create a new software application

• Collaborated with designers, testers, and project managers to meet project deadlines

• Participated in daily stand-up meetings to discuss progress and roadblocks

Yes, they are similar.

• All 8 metal balls are of the same material.

• They have the same size and weight.

• They have the same physical properties.

• They are interchangeable in any given situation.