600+ Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Institute of Technology Interview Questions and Answers

Choose at most N/2 elements from an array A of N elements and find XOR of all the chosen elements.

• Choose the N/2 largest elements to maximize the XOR value.

• Use a priority queue to efficiently select the largest elements.

• If N is small, brute force all possible combinations of N/2 elements.

OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together in a single unit.

• Inheritance: Acquiring properties and behavior of a parent class by a child class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take many forms.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary information.

• Example: A car is an object that encapsulates data like speed, fuel, and functions like start, stop, and accel...read more

SQL is a programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases.

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language.

• It is used to create, modify, and query databases.

• SQL is used in various industries such as finance, healthcare, and e-commerce.

• Examples of SQL commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.

• SQL is used to retrieve specific data from a database using queries.

To select a record from a table, use the SELECT statement with appropriate conditions.

• Use the SELECT statement with the appropriate columns to retrieve data from the table.

• Specify the table name in the FROM clause.

• Use the WHERE clause to specify the conditions for selecting the record.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name = 'value';

OOP concepts are the building blocks of Object Oriented Programming. The four pillars of OOP are Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information to the user.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together to protect data from outside interference.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting properties and methods.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multip...read more

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle.

• SDLC is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.

• It consists of several phases including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables that must be completed before moving on to the next phase.

• SDLC helps ensure that software is developed efficiently, on time, and within budget.

• Examples of SDLC m...read more

C is a procedural programming language while C++ is an extension of C with added features of object-oriented programming.

• C is a procedural language, while C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.

• C++ has additional features like classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• C++ supports function overloading and exception handling, which are not present in C.

• C++ has a standard template library (STL) that provides useful data structures and algorithms.

• C++ ...read more

A turbine is a mechanical device that converts the energy from a fluid flow into useful work.

• Turbines are commonly used in power generation, aviation, and marine applications.

• They consist of several key parts including the rotor, stator, blades, and shaft.

• The rotor is the rotating part of the turbine, while the stator is the stationary part.

• Blades are attached to the rotor and are designed to capture the energy of the fluid flow.

• The shaft connects the rotor to the external lo...read more

Yes, we can automate the process of coordinating timing of different busses for a particular route.

• We can use GPS tracking to monitor the location of busses in real-time.

• We can develop a software that can analyze the data and suggest the best route and timing for the passenger.

• We can also use machine learning algorithms to predict the traffic and suggest the best route and timing for the passenger.

• We can integrate this system with a mobile app that can provide real-time infor...read more

Interview questions for System Engineer position

• Constructor is a special method that is used to initialize an object

• Method overriding is when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already present in the parent class, while method overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters

• Program to print prime numbers between two given ranges can be achieved using nested loops and checking for prime numbers using modulus operator

• A...read more

Yes, Infosys has already diversified into product development with offerings like Finacle and EdgeVerve.

• Infosys has already developed products like Finacle, a banking software, and EdgeVerve, an AI-powered automation platform.

• The company has also acquired product-based companies like Panaya and Skava.

• Infosys has a dedicated Product Engineering Services unit that focuses on developing and maintaining software products.

• However, services still remain the primary focus of Infosys...read more

I want to switch to system engineering as it aligns with my interests and skills.

• I have always been interested in technology and how systems work

• I have gained experience in programming and software development

• I believe my skills in problem-solving and critical thinking will be valuable in system engineering

• I am excited about the opportunity to work on complex systems and contribute to their design and development

Java is a popular programming language known for its platform independence, object-oriented approach, and robustness.

• Java is platform independent, meaning it can run on any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• It is object-oriented, allowing for modular and reusable code.

• Java is known for its robustness and reliability, with features like automatic memory management and exception handling.

• Java has a rich set of APIs and libraries, making it versatile for various app...read more

A program to check if a given string is a palindrome or not.

• A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters that reads the same forward and backward.

• To check if a string is a palindrome, we can compare the characters from the beginning and end of the string.

• If the characters match at each position, the string is a palindrome.

• We can use two pointers, one starting from the beginning and the other from the end, and compare the characters at each position....read more

Java is a versatile programming language known for its platform independence and rich set of features.

• Platform independence: Java programs can run on any operating system or device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• Object-oriented: Java supports the principles of object-oriented programming, allowing for modular and reusable code

• Garbage collection: Java automatically manages memory allocation and deallocation, reducing the risk of memory leaks

• Exception handling: Java provides ...read more

I chose myself in the programming language at a small scale and gradually increased it.

• Started with basic syntax and gradually moved to more complex concepts

• Practiced on small projects before moving to larger ones

• Learned from online resources and collaborated with peers

• Continuously updated skills and learned new languages as needed

I would create designated parking areas, implement a parking management system, and utilize efficient parking strategies.

• Create designated parking areas based on the capacity and layout of the campus.

• Implement a parking management system to track and manage the parking spaces.

• Utilize efficient parking strategies such as valet parking, shuttle services, and carpooling.

• Ensure proper signage and directions to guide the drivers to available parking spaces.

• Coordinate with event or...read more

C++ has three types of loops: for, while, and do-while.

• For loop is used when the number of iterations is known beforehand.

• While loop is used when the number of iterations is not known beforehand.

• Do-while loop is similar to while loop, but it executes at least once before checking the condition.

A machine is a device that performs a specific task using power and mechanisms.

• Machines can be simple or complex, ranging from a simple lever to a complex computer.

• Machines use energy to perform work, such as lifting, moving, or transforming materials.

• Examples of machines include cars, airplanes, washing machines, and robots.

• Machines can be classified into six types: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw.

Python manages data structures and variables using dynamic memory allocation.

• Python uses a heap to manage memory allocation for data structures and variables.

• Variables are created dynamically and stored in memory as objects.

• Python uses reference counting to keep track of the number of references to an object.

• Garbage collection is used to reclaim memory for objects that are no longer referenced.

• Examples of data structures in Python include lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets...read more

I would analyze the requirements and constraints of the parking task and devise a plan accordingly.

• Understand the size and type of vehicles that need to be parked

• Analyze the available space and layout of the parking area

• Consider any regulations or restrictions on parking

• Determine the optimal parking arrangement for maximum efficiency

• Implement a system for monitoring and managing the parking area

Procedural programming focuses on procedures and functions while object-oriented programming focuses on objects and classes.

• Procedural programming is based on top-down approach while object-oriented programming is based on bottom-up approach.

• Procedural programming is more suitable for small programs while object-oriented programming is more suitable for large programs.

• Procedural programming is less secure while object-oriented programming is more secure.

• Examples of procedural...read more

I will manage the parking section of the event by implementing a systematic approach and utilizing technology.

• Create a parking plan and layout to efficiently accommodate 500 cars.

• Assign dedicated parking spots for VIPs, disabled individuals, and event staff.

• Implement a ticketing system or RFID technology to track and manage parking spaces.

• Deploy parking attendants to guide drivers and ensure smooth traffic flow.

• Utilize digital signage or mobile apps to provide real-time parki...read more

Basic gating logic includes And, Or, Nand, and Nor gates. Nand gate can be built using other gates.

• And gate outputs true only when all inputs are true.

• Or gate outputs true when at least one input is true.

• Nand gate outputs the negation of the And gate.

• Nor gate outputs the negation of the Or gate.

• Nand gate can be built by combining an And gate followed by a Not gate.

I am passionate about technology and have always been interested in IT. I believe my skills and experience can be better utilized in the IT industry.

• I have always had a strong interest in technology and IT

• I enjoy problem-solving and working with computers

• I believe my skills and experience align well with the demands of the IT industry

Machine learning can ease human life by automating tasks, improving healthcare, and enhancing personalization.

• Automating repetitive tasks can save time and increase efficiency

• Machine learning can improve healthcare by predicting diseases and identifying effective treatments

• Personalization can be enhanced through recommendation systems and targeted advertising

• Natural language processing can improve communication and accessibility for individuals with disabilities

I primarily use Python for programming.

• Python is versatile and easy to read, making it great for system engineering tasks.

• I also have experience with languages like Java, C++, and Bash scripting.

• Python's extensive libraries and frameworks make it ideal for automation and scripting tasks.

Call by reference passes the memory address of a variable, while call by value passes a copy of the variable's value.

• Call by reference allows the function to modify the original variable

• Call by value does not affect the original variable

• Example: int x = 5; function(x); //call by reference modifies x

• Example: int y = 10; function(y); //call by value does not modify y

Drop, delete and truncate are SQL commands used to remove data from a database.

• DROP command removes a table from the database

• DELETE command removes specific rows from a table

• TRUNCATE command removes all rows from a table

• DROP and TRUNCATE are DDL commands while DELETE is a DML command

• DROP and TRUNCATE cannot be rolled back while DELETE can be rolled back

My favorite language is Java and I would rate it 9 out of 10.

• I prefer Java because of its platform independence and vast community support.

• C and C++ are also good languages but require more attention to memory management.

• Java's object-oriented approach and extensive libraries make it a versatile language.

• Example: I have developed a web application using Java Spring framework.

• Example: I have also worked on C++ projects for embedded systems.

Exception handling is a way to handle errors and unexpected events in a program.

• Try block contains the code that might throw an exception

• Catch block catches the exception thrown by the try block

• Throw keyword is used to explicitly throw an exception

• Exception handling helps in preventing program crashes and provides a way to gracefully handle errors

• Example: try { //code that might throw an exception } catch (Exception e) { //code to handle the exception }

C language can be used to develop various software applications.

• Operating systems like Unix, Linux, and Windows are written in C

• Database systems like MySQL and PostgreSQL are written in C

• Networking protocols like TCP/IP are implemented in C

• Graphics and game engines like OpenGL and Unity are written in C

• System utilities like compilers, debuggers, and interpreters are written in C

OOP concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Static variables are shared among all instances of a class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class)

• Inheritance: Allowing a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: Ability for objects to be treated as instances of their parent class

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary featur...read more

Interview questions for System Engineer

• Different types of databases include relational, NoSQL, graph, and document

• Components of a web app include client-side scripting, server-side scripting, and database technology

• Program life cycle of CPP includes editing, preprocessing, compiling, linking, and executing

Data structures: trees and graphs. Difference between them.

• Trees are a type of graph with a hierarchical structure

• Graphs are a collection of nodes and edges that can be connected in any way

• Trees have a single root node and each node has at most one parent

• Graphs can have multiple disconnected components

• Trees are used for hierarchical data like file systems, organization charts

• Graphs are used for modeling relationships between objects like social networks, road networks

I am familiar with multiple programming languages.

• I am proficient in Java and Python.

• I have experience with C++, JavaScript, and SQL.

• I am also familiar with HTML and CSS for web development.

• I am constantly learning and expanding my knowledge of new languages and technologies.

Interview questions for System Engineer position

• Project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product or service

• Constructor is a special method used to initialize objects

• Multiple inheritance is the ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from multiple parent classes

• Access modifier is a keyword that determines the visibility and accessibility of a class, method, or variable

Program to find all prime numbers between two given numbers.

• Take input of two numbers from user

• Loop through the range of numbers between the two given numbers

• Check if each number is prime or not

• Print all the prime numbers found

Assignments do not return a value and cannot be used in expressions.

• Assignments are used to store a value in a variable, but they do not return a value that can be used in an expression.

• Expressions are used to evaluate a value, but an assignment does not evaluate to a value.

• For example, you cannot use an assignment in a conditional statement like if(x = 5), as it will always evaluate to true.

do-while, while, and for loops are used for iteration in programming, but differ in their syntax and conditions.

• while loop checks the condition before executing the code block

• do-while loop executes the code block once before checking the condition

• for loop is used for iterating over a sequence of values

• for loop has three parts: initialization, condition, and increment/decrement

• Example: while(i < 10){...}, do{...}while(i < 10), for(i=0; i<10; i++){...}

Truncate and delete are SQL commands used to remove data from a table.

• Truncate removes all data from a table and resets the identity column

• Delete removes specific rows from a table based on a condition

• Truncate is faster than delete as it doesn't log individual row deletions

• Delete can be rolled back, but truncate cannot

• Example: TRUNCATE TABLE myTable; DELETE FROM myTable WHERE id = 1;

Oops stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. The four pillars are Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.

• Oops stands for Object-Oriented Programming System

• The four pillars are Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Encapsulation refers to the bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data

• Abstraction focuses on hiding the implementation detai...read more

Answering technical questions on definition, initialization, and recursion function.

• Definition is the act of declaring a variable, while initialization is the act of assigning a value to that variable.

• Recursion function is a function that calls itself until a base condition is met.

• Example of definition: int x;

• Example of initialization: int x = 5;

• Example of recursion function: int factorial(int n) { if (n == 0) return 1; else return n * factorial(n-1); }

The person can escape the island by creating a firebreak or finding a body of water.

• Create a firebreak by clearing a path of grass around oneself to prevent the fire from spreading.

• Look for a body of water such as a lake, river, or ocean to escape the fire.

• If no water source is available, try to find a sheltered area with less dry grass to wait for the fire to pass.

• Use any available tools or materials to help create a firebreak or signal for help.

This question tests the candidate's knowledge of C programming language and output formatting.

• The code initializes an integer variable 'a' with value 100.

• The printf statement uses two format specifiers: '%0' and '%x'.

• The '%0' specifier is invalid and will not print anything.

• The '%x' specifier prints the value of 'a' in hexadecimal format.

• The output will be '64' in hexadecimal format.

C++ is a compiled language with pointers, while Java is interpreted with garbage collection.

• C++ is faster and more efficient than Java due to its compiled nature.

• Java is more secure and portable than C++ due to its interpreted nature.

• C++ uses pointers to directly access memory, while Java uses references to objects.

• Programming principles include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Pointers are variables that store memory addresses, used for direct memory access and m...read more

Control structures are used to control the flow of a program. Loops are a type of control structure that allow for repeated execution of code.

• Control structures are used to make decisions and control the flow of a program.

• Loops are a type of control structure that allow for repeated execution of code.

• A for loop is a type of loop that is used to iterate over a sequence of values.

• For example, a for loop can be used to iterate over the elements of an array or the characters in a...read more

Program to find prime numbers with DML and DDL comments

• Create a program that checks if a number is prime or not

• Use a loop to iterate through numbers and check for divisibility

• Add DML comments to explain the logic of the code

• Add DDL comments to describe the structure of the program

I know multiple coding languages including Java, Python, and C++.

• Java

• Python

• C++

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. Spring annotations are used to simplify the configuration of Spring applications. Web services use functions like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. Hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their own class or as instances of their parent class.

• Spring annotations are used to define the behavior of Spring components and simplify the configuration pro...read more

Data types include integers, floats, strings, and booleans. Variables store data. For loops iterate a set number of times. While loops iterate until a condition is met.

• Data types include int, float, string, and bool

• Variables store data and can be assigned values

• For loops iterate a set number of times based on a range or sequence

• While loops iterate until a condition is met

• Example: int x = 5; float y = 3.14; string name = 'John'; bool isTrue = true;

Exception handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors. throw is used to throw an exception while throws is used to declare an exception.

• Exception handling is used to handle runtime errors and prevent the program from crashing.

• throw keyword is used to throw an exception explicitly.

• throws keyword is used to declare an exception that can be thrown by a method.

• throw keyword is used inside a method while throws keyword is used in the method signature.

• Example: public void meth...read more

Access modifiers in OOPS and project explanation

• Access modifiers control the visibility of class members

• Public: accessible from anywhere

• Private: accessible only within the class

• Protected: accessible within the class and its subclasses

• Project: accessible within the same package

• Example: public class Car { private int speed; protected String model; }

• My project involved developing a web application for managing inventory

• Used Java, Spring framework, and MySQL database

• Implemented C...read more

Answers to technical and HR questions for System Engineer interview

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming which is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects

• Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time and runtime

• Abstraction is the process of hiding implementation details while showing only the necessary information to the user

• SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle which is a proces...read more

Data science is a rapidly growing field that uses algorithms and techniques to extract insights and knowledge from data.

• Data science involves analyzing large amounts of data to uncover patterns, trends, and insights.

• It plays a crucial role in decision-making processes for businesses, governments, and organizations.

• Data science uses a combination of statistics, machine learning, and programming to make sense of complex data sets.

• The future of data science looks promising with ...read more

A database is a collection of data that is organized in a way that allows for easy retrieval and manipulation.

• Types of databases include relational, NoSQL, object-oriented, and graph databases.

• Arrays are a data structure that stores a collection of elements of the same type.

• Object-oriented programming concepts include inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

• Inheritance allows for the creation of new classes based on existing classes.

• Polymorphism allows for the use of a s...read more

Use SQL query with MAX function to retrieve person with highest salary.

• Use SELECT statement to retrieve data

• Use MAX function to find the highest salary

• Use WHERE clause to filter out the person with highest salary

To copy files from one folder to another, use the copy command in the command prompt or drag and drop the files.

• Open the source folder and the destination folder in separate windows

• Select the files you want to copy in the source folder

• Right-click on the selected files and click on 'Copy' or use the 'Ctrl+C' shortcut

• Go to the destination folder and right-click on an empty space

• Click on 'Paste' or use the 'Ctrl+V' shortcut

• Alternatively, open the command prompt and use the 'copy...read more

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language used for developing applications and software.

• Java is platform-independent due to its bytecode and JVM.

• JVM, JDK, and JRE are essential components of Java.

• JVM is responsible for executing Java bytecode.

• JDK is a software development kit used for developing Java applications.

• JRE is a runtime environment required to run Java applications.

• java.lang is a package that contains fundamental classes and interfaces.

• Libraries in ...read more

Yes, I am familiar with programming languages and have recently used Python for its versatility and ease of use.

• I have experience with Python, Java, C++, and SQL

• Python is my recent choice due to its readability, flexibility, and vast libraries

• I have used Python for data analysis, automation, and web development projects

A database is a collection of organized data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. There are different types of databases such as relational, NoSQL, and object-oriented databases.

• Types of databases include relational databases (e.g. MySQL, Oracle), NoSQL databases (e.g. MongoDB, Cassandra), and object-oriented databases (e.g. db4o).

• We use database joins to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Database joins help in retrievin...read more

Yes, Python is a case sensitive language.

• Variable names 'myVar' and 'myvar' are different in Python.

• Keywords like 'if', 'else', 'while' are case sensitive.

• Function names and method names are also case sensitive.

Inner join returns only the matching rows from both tables while outer join returns all rows from both tables.

• Inner join only returns the rows that have matching values in both tables.

• Outer join returns all rows from both tables, even if there are no matching values.

• Left outer join returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

• Right outer join returns all rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.

• Full outer join returns all ...read more

Multiple web servers differ in their hardware, software, and configuration.

• Hardware differences include CPU, RAM, and storage capacity.

• Software differences include operating system, web server software, and scripting languages.

• Configuration differences include load balancing, caching, and security settings.

• Examples of web servers include Apache, Nginx, and IIS.

Recursion is a process in which a function calls itself. Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a class inherits properties of another class. Heap is a region of memory used for dynamic memory allocation.

• Recursion can be used to solve problems that can be broken down into smaller sub-problems.

• Inheritance allows for code reuse and helps in creating a hierarchy of classes.

• Heap is used for dynamic memory allocation in languages like C and C++.

• Code to find largest element in an ...read more

Method overloading is having multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding is having a method in a subclass with the same name and parameters as a method in the superclass.

• Method overloading involves multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in the same class.

• Method overriding involves a method in a subclass with the same name and parameters as a method in the superclass.

• Method overloading is determined at...read more