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SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language for managing and manipulating relational databases.
SQL is used to perform tasks such as querying data, updating records, and managing database structures.
Common SQL commands include SELECT (to retrieve data), INSERT (to add data), UPDATE (to modify data), and DELETE (to remove data).
SQL supports various data types, including INTEGER, VARCHAR, DATE, and BOOLEAN...
The ideal team size varies, but typically ranges from 5 to 9 members for optimal collaboration and productivity.
Smaller teams (5-7 members) often communicate more effectively, like a startup environment.
Larger teams (8-12 members) can bring diverse skills but may face coordination challenges.
Agile methodologies suggest 7 +/- 2 as the ideal team size for Scrum teams.
Example: Google often uses small teams to foster ...
final is a keyword used to declare constants, finally is used in exception handling, and finalize is a method used for cleanup.
final is used to declare constants in Java, preventing them from being modified
finally is used in exception handling to define a block of code that will always be executed
finalize is a method in Java that is called by the garbage collector before an object is destroyed
Use a key-value pair approach with a flexible schema to accommodate varying columns.
Utilize a key-value store like MongoDB or a NoSQL database for flexibility.
Store data as key-value pairs where the key represents the column name and the value is the data.
Implement a dynamic schema design to allow for adding new columns without altering the database structure.
Consider using JSON or XML data formats to store the dy...
Out is used for returning multiple values from a method, while ref is used for passing a variable by reference.
Out parameters must be assigned a value inside the method before it returns.
Ref parameters must be initialized before passing them to a method.
Out parameters are used when a method needs to return multiple values.
Ref parameters are used when a method needs to modify the value of the parameter.
Example: int...
Create a global exception handler to manage all unhandled exceptions in the application.
Implement a global exception handler class that extends ExceptionHandler.
Override the uncaughtException method to handle all unhandled exceptions.
Log the exception details and notify the user about the error.
Consider implementing different strategies for handling different types of exceptions.
Test the global exception handler t...
Use a SQL query with ORDER BY and LIMIT to find the 2nd last student marks.
Use ORDER BY clause to sort the marks in descending order
Use LIMIT 1,1 to skip the last row and fetch the 2nd last row
Select single retrieves exactly one row, while select single up to 1 row retrieves at most one row.
Select single is used when exactly one row is expected to be retrieved.
Select single up to 1 row is used when at most one row is expected to be retrieved.
Select single throws an error if more than one row is found, while select single up to 1 row does not.
Java avoids multiple inheritance to prevent complexity and ambiguity, particularly the diamond problem.
Multiple inheritance can lead to the 'diamond problem', where a class inherits from two classes that have a common ancestor.
For example, if class A has methods that are overridden in classes B and C, and class D inherits from both B and C, it becomes ambiguous which method D should inherit.
Java uses interfaces to...
Find two numbers in an array that add up to a specific target value.
Use a hashmap to store the difference between the target value and each element in the array.
Iterate through the array and check if the current element's complement exists in the hashmap.
Return the indices of the two numbers that add up to the target value.
I appeared for an interview in Feb 2025.
An anagram is a word formed by rearranging the letters of another, while non-repeating characters are unique in a string.
Anagram Check: To determine if two strings are anagrams, sort both strings and compare them. Example: 'listen' and 'silent'.
Character Count: Use a hash map to count occurrences of each character in a string to find the first non-repeating character. Example: 'swiss' returns 'w'.
Case Sensitivity: Cons...
Out is used for returning multiple values from a method, while ref is used for passing a variable by reference.
Out parameters must be assigned a value inside the method before it returns.
Ref parameters must be initialized before passing them to a method.
Out parameters are used when a method needs to return multiple values.
Ref parameters are used when a method needs to modify the value of the parameter.
Example: int.TryP...
Use a SQL query with ORDER BY and LIMIT to find the 2nd last student marks.
Use ORDER BY clause to sort the marks in descending order
Use LIMIT 1,1 to skip the last row and fetch the 2nd last row
Create a global exception handler to manage all unhandled exceptions in the application.
Implement a global exception handler class that extends ExceptionHandler.
Override the uncaughtException method to handle all unhandled exceptions.
Log the exception details and notify the user about the error.
Consider implementing different strategies for handling different types of exceptions.
Test the global exception handler thorou...
I applied via Company Website and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
Projects are specific tasks or assignments that require a team to work together to achieve a common goal.
Projects involve a defined scope, timeline, and budget.
They require a team of individuals with different skills and expertise.
Examples include developing a new software application, implementing a new system, or conducting a research study.
I have worked on a variety of tech stacks including Java Spring, React, Node.js, and MongoDB.
Java Spring
React
Node.js
MongoDB
Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.
Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.
A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.
Abstract classes are used to define a common behavior for subclasses, while interfaces are used to define a contract f...
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Select single retrieves exactly one row, while select single up to 1 row retrieves at most one row.
Select single is used when exactly one row is expected to be retrieved.
Select single up to 1 row is used when at most one row is expected to be retrieved.
Select single throws an error if more than one row is found, while select single up to 1 row does not.
The ideal team size varies, but typically ranges from 5 to 9 members for optimal collaboration and productivity.
Smaller teams (5-7 members) often communicate more effectively, like a startup environment.
Larger teams (8-12 members) can bring diverse skills but may face coordination challenges.
Agile methodologies suggest 7 +/- 2 as the ideal team size for Scrum teams.
Example: Google often uses small teams to foster innov...
final, finally, and finalize are related to Java programming language.
final is a keyword used to restrict the user from changing the value of a variable.
finally is a block of code that is always executed, whether an exception is thrown or not.
finalize is a method used for cleanup operations before an object is garbage collected.
A record type is a data type that represents a structured collection of fields or attributes.
Record types are used to define structured data in programming languages.
Each field in a record type has a name and a data type.
Record types are commonly used in database systems to represent rows in tables.
Examples of record types include structs in C, classes in Java, and tuples in Python.
Data fragmentation refers to the scattering of data across different locations or storage devices, making it difficult to access or manage.
Data fragmentation can occur when data is stored in multiple databases or servers.
It can also happen when data is divided into smaller pieces and stored in different locations.
Fragmented data can lead to slower access times and increased complexity in managing data.
Examples include ...
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The duration of Infosys Senior Software Engineer interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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