Infosys RPA Consultant Interview Questions and Answers

API Gateway implementation is a centralized service that routes, manages, and secures API calls.

• API Gateway acts as a single entry point for all API calls

• It can handle authentication, rate limiting, caching, and request/response transformations

• Examples include AWS API Gateway, Apigee, Kong

Circuit breaker is a design pattern used to prevent system overload by temporarily stopping requests to a failing service.

• Circuit breaker monitors requests to a service and opens when the service fails repeatedly.

• It helps prevent cascading failures and allows the system to gracefully degrade.

• Once the circuit breaker is open, it can periodically check if the service has recovered before allowing requests again.

Deadlock is a situation in which two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource.

• Avoid circular wait by ensuring processes request resources in the same order.

• Prevent hold and wait by requiring processes to request all needed resources at once.

• Implement a timeout mechanism to break potential deadlocks.

• Use resource allocation graphs to detect and prevent deadlocks.

• ...read more

The equals() method is used to compare the contents of two objects for equality.

• The equals() method is a method of the Object class in Java.

• It is used to compare the contents of two objects for equality.

• The default implementation of equals() in the Object class compares memory addresses, so it is often overridden in custom classes to compare content.

• Example: String class overrides equals() method to compare the content

MongoDB was integrated in the application by using the official Java driver and configuring connection settings.

• Used the official MongoDB Java driver to interact with the database

• Configured connection settings such as host, port, database name, and authentication credentials

• Implemented CRUD operations using MongoDB Java driver methods

• Utilized MongoDB aggregation framework for complex queries

Hibernate is an open-source Java framework that simplifies the development of database interactions in Java applications.

• Hibernate is an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) tool that maps Java objects to database tables.

• It provides a way to perform database operations using Java objects instead of writing SQL queries.

• Hibernate handles the mapping of Java classes to database tables and vice versa, as well as the generation ...read more

Runnable is a functional interface with a single run() method, while Callable is a functional interface with a single call() method.

• Runnable is used for tasks that do not return a result, while Callable is used for tasks that return a result.

• Callable can throw checked exceptions, while Runnable cannot.

• Callable returns a Future object, which can be used to retrieve the result of the computation.

• Example: Runnable - execu...read more

The Callable interface in Java returns a Future object.

• Callable interface returns a Future object which represents the result of a computation that may not be available yet.

• The Future object can be used to retrieve the result of the computation, check if it is done, or cancel the computation.

• Example: Callable<Integer> task = () -> { return 42; }

Monitor application health using metrics, logs, alerts, and performance monitoring tools.

• Use monitoring tools like Prometheus, Grafana, or New Relic to track key metrics such as CPU usage, memory usage, response times, and error rates.

• Implement logging to record important events and errors in your application. Use tools like ELK stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) for log analysis.

• Set up alerts to notify you of any...read more

To call an API in a Microservice architecture, use HTTP requests or messaging protocols like gRPC.

• Use HTTP requests to communicate between microservices

• Implement RESTful APIs for easy integration

• Leverage messaging protocols like gRPC for efficient communication

• Consider using service discovery mechanisms for dynamic API calls

Profiles in Java are configurations that define the capabilities of a Java platform.

• Profiles allow developers to target specific types of devices or applications.

• They help in reducing the size of the Java runtime environment by including only the necessary APIs.

• Examples include Java SE Embedded Profile for embedded devices and Java SE Compact Profile for resource-constrained environments.

OpenFeign is a declarative web service client used to simplify the process of making HTTP requests in microservices architecture.

• OpenFeign allows developers to define RESTful web services as interfaces and automatically generate the necessary implementation code.

• It integrates seamlessly with Spring Cloud and other microservices frameworks to facilitate communication between services.

• OpenFeign supports features like loa...read more

Service registry and discovery involves registering services and allowing clients to discover and connect to them.

• Implement a service registry where services can register themselves with metadata

• Use a service discovery mechanism for clients to find and connect to services

• Implement health checks to ensure services are available and healthy

• Use a load balancer to distribute traffic among multiple instances of a service

Spring Boot Actuators are built-in tools that provide insight into the running application.

• Actuators expose various endpoints to monitor and manage the application.

• They can be used to check health, metrics, environment details, and more.

• Examples include /actuator/health, /actuator/metrics, and /actuator/env.

Synchronous communication is blocking, while asynchronous communication is non-blocking.

• Synchronous communication waits for a response before continuing, while asynchronous communication does not wait.

• Examples of synchronous communication include traditional function calls, while examples of asynchronous communication include callbacks and promises.

• Synchronous communication can lead to performance issues if there are d...read more

Synchronized keyword is used in Java to control access to shared resources by multiple threads.

• Synchronized keyword can be applied to methods or code blocks to ensure only one thread can access the synchronized code at a time.

• It prevents race conditions and ensures thread safety by creating a lock on the object or class.

• Example: synchronized void myMethod() { // synchronized code block }

Excessive use of synchronized blocks and methods in Java can lead to performance issues and potential deadlocks.

• Decreased performance due to increased contention for locks

• Potential deadlocks if multiple threads are waiting for each other to release locks

• Increased complexity and difficulty in debugging and maintaining code

• Use synchronized sparingly and consider alternatives like ConcurrentHashMap or Lock interface

The number of threads needed for an application can be determined based on factors like the type of tasks, hardware resources, and performance requirements.

• Consider the type of tasks your application needs to perform - CPU-bound tasks may benefit from more threads, while I/O-bound tasks may not.

• Take into account the hardware resources available - more threads may be beneficial on a multi-core processor compared to a si...read more

Executor framework is a framework in Java that provides a way to manage and execute tasks asynchronously.

• Allows for managing thread execution in a more efficient way

• Provides a way to decouple task submission from task execution

• Supports various types of executors like ThreadPoolExecutor and ScheduledExecutorService

• Helps in handling tasks concurrently and asynchronously

BlockingQueue is an interface in Java that represents a queue which supports operations that wait for the queue to become non-empty when retrieving an element and wait for space to become available in the queue when adding an element.

• BlockingQueue is part of the java.util.concurrent package.

• It is used for implementing producer-consumer scenarios where multiple threads are involved.

• Methods like put() and take() are used...read more

Seeking new challenges and opportunities for growth.

• Desire for career advancement

• Looking for new challenges

• Seeking better work-life balance

• Company restructuring or downsizing

• Relocation to a new area

Java 8 introduced lambda expressions, Java 11 added local-variable syntax for lambda parameters, and Java 17 included sealed classes and pattern matching.

• Java 8 introduced lambda expressions for functional programming.

• Java 11 added local-variable syntax for lambda parameters to simplify code.

• Java 17 included sealed classes to restrict inheritance and pattern matching for instanceof checks and type casts.

Count the number of words in a given string.

• Split the string by spaces and count the number of resulting elements.

• Handle edge cases like multiple spaces or empty strings.

• Consider punctuation marks as part of words unless specified otherwise.

I am a Senior Software Developer with 8 years of experience in full-stack development, specializing in Java and Angular.

• 8 years of experience in full-stack development

• Specialize in Java and Angular

• Strong problem-solving skills

• Experience with Agile methodologies

• Excellent communication and teamwork abilities

The yield() method in threading is used to give up the CPU and allow other threads to run.

• Allows other threads to run by giving up the CPU temporarily

• Useful for preventing one thread from dominating the CPU

• Can be used to implement cooperative multitasking

Hash collision occurs when two different inputs produce the same hash value. It can be handled by using techniques like chaining or open addressing.

• Hash collision is a common issue in hash tables where different keys produce the same hash value.

• One way to handle hash collisions is by using chaining, where each bucket in the hash table stores a linked list of key-value pairs with the same hash value.

• Another way to handl...read more

Method references provide a more concise way to refer to methods by name instead of using lambda expressions.

• Method references can make code more readable and maintainable by reducing boilerplate code.

• They can be used to refer to static methods, instance methods, and constructors.

• Example: list.forEach(System.out::println) is equivalent to list.forEach(item -> System.out.println(item)).

Vertical scaling increases the capacity of a single server, while horizontal scaling adds more servers to distribute the load.

• Vertical scaling involves increasing the resources of a single server, such as CPU, RAM, or storage.

• Horizontal scaling involves adding more servers to distribute the load, often done through containerization or virtualization.

• Vertical scaling is limited by the capacity of a single server, while ...read more

Java program to capitalize first letter of each word in a given string

• Split the input string by space to get individual words

• Iterate through each word and capitalize the first letter

• Join the words back together to form the final capitalized string

Escalation matrix defines the process for escalating production defects based on severity and impact.

• Escalation matrix typically includes levels of escalation, responsible parties at each level, and criteria for escalating defects.

• For example, a Level 1 escalation may involve the development team, while a Level 2 escalation may involve senior management.

• Criteria for escalation may include severity of the defect, impact...read more

Implemented a real-time data synchronization feature between multiple servers.

• Designed a custom protocol for efficient data transfer

• Implemented server-side logic to handle data conflicts

• Utilized websockets for real-time communication

Yes, I have the ability to handle tasks individually.

• I have a proven track record of successfully completing projects on my own.

• I am self-motivated and can prioritize tasks effectively.

• I have strong problem-solving skills which allow me to tackle challenges independently.

Yes, it is okay to give deliverables under pressure as long as quality is not compromised.

• Meeting deadlines is important in software development.

• Pressure can sometimes lead to increased focus and productivity.

• Communication with stakeholders about realistic timelines is key.

• Prioritizing tasks and managing time effectively can help in delivering under pressure.

I am a Senior Software Developer with 8 years of experience in developing web applications using various technologies.

• Experienced in full stack development

• Proficient in languages like Java, JavaScript, and Python

• Skilled in using frameworks like Spring, React, and Django

• Strong understanding of database management systems

• Familiar with Agile development methodologies

Seeking new challenges and growth opportunities.

• Desire for career advancement

• Looking for new challenges

• Seeking better work-life balance

• Company restructuring or changes in management

My current CTC is $100,000 and my expected CTC is $120,000.

• Current CTC: $100,000

• Expected CTC: $120,000

Yes, I have all relevant documents from previous companies.

• I have copies of offer letters, employment contracts, and performance reviews.

• I also have any relevant certifications or training records.

• I can provide references from previous employers if needed.