Infosys Interview Questions, Process, and Tips for Freshers

Q1. What is boxing and unboxing
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Q2. What is garbage collection
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Q1. What is mvc and razor
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Q2. What is software development
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Q1. Write the program -> input -> aabbccc. Output -> a2b2c3
Ans. 
Program to count consecutive characters in a string
• Iterate through the string and compare each character with the next one

• Maintain a count for each character and append to the output string when a different character is encountered

• Example: input 'aabbccc' -> output 'a2b2c3'
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Q2. Write the dynamic xpath (both relative and absolute)
Ans. 
Dynamic xpath is a way to locate elements on a web page based on changing attributes or positions.
• Use functions like contains(), starts-with(), or ends-with() to create dynamic xpaths

• Avoid using indexes in xpaths as they can change with page updates

• Consider using unique attributes or text within the element to create a reliable xpath
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Q3. API difference between put and patch
Ans. 
PUT is used to update or replace an entire resource, while PATCH is used to update specific fields of a resource.
• PUT is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests will have the same effect as a single request.

• PATCH is not necessarily idempotent, as multiple identical requests may have different effects.

• PUT requires the client to send the entire updated resource, while PATCH only requires the client to send the spe
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Q4. Basic SQL query
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Q1. Introduce yourself.
Ans. 
I am a highly motivated and experienced Senior Associate Consultant with a strong background in project management and client relations.
• Over 5 years of experience in consulting industry

• Managed multiple projects simultaneously, exceeding client expectations

• Skilled in data analysis and presentation

• Excellent communication and interpersonal skills
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Q2. Tell me about your current project and the domain you have worked on.
Ans. 
I am currently working on a project in the finance domain, specifically focusing on risk management for a large investment bank.
• Developing risk models to assess potential losses in different market scenarios

• Analyzing historical data to identify trends and patterns in market behavior

• Collaborating with traders and portfolio managers to understand their risk appetite and constraints
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Q3. What is the logic of the code for finding duplicate numbers in an array?
Ans. 
Code logic to find duplicate numbers in an array
• Iterate through the array and store each element in a hash set

• If an element is already in the hash set, it is a duplicate

• Return the set of duplicate numbers found
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Q4. What is the solution for resolving conflicts in a git merge?
Ans. 
Conflicts in a git merge can be resolved by manually editing the conflicting files and then committing the changes.
• Use 'git status' to identify the conflicting files

• Open the conflicting files in a text editor and resolve the conflicts manually

• Use 'git add' to stage the resolved files

• Commit the changes using 'git commit'
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Q5. Why is object creation not possible for abstract classes?
Ans. 
Object creation is not possible for abstract classes because they cannot be instantiated directly.
• Abstract classes are meant to be used as base classes for other classes to inherit from.

• They contain abstract methods that must be implemented by the child classes.

• Attempting to create an object of an abstract class will result in a compilation error.

• Example: abstract class Shape { abstract void draw(); }
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Q6. What is the purpose of exception handling in Java?
Ans. 
Exception handling in Java is used to handle runtime errors and prevent program crashes.
• Purpose is to handle runtime errors and prevent program crashes

• Allows for graceful handling of unexpected situations

• Helps in separating error-handling code from regular code

• Improves code readability and maintainability

• Examples: try-catch blocks, throw keyword, finally block
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Q7. What are the key differences between LinkedList and HashSet?
Ans. 
LinkedList is a linear data structure that stores elements in a sequential order, while HashSet is a collection that does not allow duplicate elements.
• LinkedList maintains the insertion order of elements, while HashSet does not guarantee any specific order.

• LinkedList allows duplicate elements, while HashSet does not allow duplicates.

• LinkedList uses pointers to connect elements, while HashSet uses a hash table for stori...read more
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Q8. Is it possible to achieve method overloading within a private class in Java?
Ans. 
No, method overloading is not possible within a private class in Java.
• Method overloading is achieved by having multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters.

• Private methods are not visible outside the class, so overloading them would not be useful.

• If you need to achieve method overloading, the methods should be public or protected.
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Q9. What are the different types of dependency injection?
Ans. 
Dependency injection is a design pattern in which an object receives other objects that it depends on.
• Constructor injection: Dependencies are provided through a class constructor.

• Setter injection: Dependencies are set through setter methods.

• Interface injection: Dependencies are set through an interface.

• Example: In constructor injection, a class may have a constructor that takes the dependencies as parameters.
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Q10. What is the flow of dependency injection in Spring Boot?
Ans. 
Dependency injection in Spring Boot allows objects to be injected into a class, promoting loose coupling and easier testing.
• In Spring Boot, dependency injection is achieved through @Autowired annotation.

• Dependencies are managed by the Spring container and injected into classes at runtime.

• Constructor injection, setter injection, and field injection are common ways to inject dependencies in Spring Boot.

• Example: @Autowire...read more
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Q11. How do you call a private method in another class?
Ans. 
You can call a private method in another class by using reflection in Java.
• Use the getDeclaredMethod() method from the Class class to get the private method

• Set the accessibility of the private method to true using the setAccessible() method

• Invoke the private method using the invoke() method
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Q12. Which tree is used in TreeMap and what is the implementation of it?
Ans. 
TreeMap in Java uses Red-Black tree for implementation.
• TreeMap in Java uses Red-Black tree for implementation

• Red-Black tree is a self-balancing binary search tree

• Red-Black tree ensures logarithmic time complexity for operations like get, put, remove
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Q13. What is the inversion of control and how does it work?
Ans. 
Inversion of control is a design principle where the control flow of a program is inverted, with the framework or container calling the code instead of the code calling the framework.
• Inversion of control allows for decoupling of components, making the code more modular and easier to maintain.

• Common examples of inversion of control include dependency injection and event-driven programming.

• Inversion of control is often u...read more
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Q14. What is the difference between @RestController and @Request mapping?
Ans. 
Difference between @RestController and @RequestMapping
• RestController is a specialized version of @Controller that includes @ResponseBody by default

• @RequestMapping is used to map web requests to specific handler methods

• RestController is typically used for RESTful web services, while @RequestMapping can be used for any type of web request handling
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Q15. Tell me the flow of HTTP requests for the backend in Java.
Ans. 
HTTP requests in Java backend flow from client to server through various layers like servlets, filters, and controllers.
• Client sends HTTP request to server

• Request is received by servlet container (e.g. Tomcat)

• Servlet container forwards request to appropriate servlet based on URL mapping

• Servlet processes request and generates response

• Response is sent back to client
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Q16. When can we use multiple catch blocks?
Ans. 
Multiple catch blocks can be used to handle different types of exceptions in a try-catch block.
• Multiple catch blocks can be used to handle different types of exceptions separately.

• Each catch block can specify a different type of exception to catch.

• The catch blocks are evaluated in order, so the most specific exception types should be caught first.

• Using multiple catch blocks can make the code more readable and maintaina
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Q17. How can we achieve inheritance in Java?
Ans. 
Inheritance in Java allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class.
• Create a new class using the 'extends' keyword followed by the name of the class you want to inherit from

• Use super keyword to call the constructor of the parent class

• Child class can override methods from the parent class
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Q18. What is the purpose of dependence injection?
Ans. 
Dependency injection is a design pattern used to remove hard-coded dependencies and make components more reusable and testable.
• Allows for easier testing by injecting dependencies rather than hard-coding them

• Promotes reusability of components by decoupling them from their dependencies

• Improves maintainability by making it easier to swap out dependencies without changing the component's code
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Q19. What is the difference between stream and collection in Java?
Ans. 
Streams represent a sequence of elements and support functional-style operations, while collections are data structures that store and manipulate groups of objects.
• Streams are used for processing sequences of elements, while collections are used for storing and manipulating groups of objects.

• Streams support functional-style operations like filter, map, reduce, while collections provide methods like add, remove, get.

• Str...read more
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Q20. What is the play framework and how is it different from spring boot? (I have majorly worked on play framework that's why this question was asked to me)
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Q21. How do you create a spring boot application?
Ans. 
To create a Spring Boot application, you can use Spring Initializr to generate a project with necessary dependencies and configurations.
• Go to https://start.spring.io/

• Select the project metadata like group, artifact, dependencies, etc.

• Click on 'Generate' to download the project zip file.

• Extract the zip file and import the project into your IDE.

• Start coding your application logic.
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Q22. What are starter dependencies in spring boot?
Ans. 
Starter dependencies in Spring Boot are pre-configured dependencies that help in quickly setting up a Spring Boot project.
• Starter dependencies are included in the pom.xml file of a Spring Boot project to provide necessary dependencies for specific functionalities.

• They help in reducing the manual configuration required to set up a Spring Boot application.

• Examples of starter dependencies include spring-boot-starter-web f...read more
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Q23. What is a B-tree index?
Ans. 
A B-tree index is a data structure used in databases to efficiently store and retrieve data in sorted order.
• B-tree indexes are commonly used in database management systems to speed up data retrieval operations.

• They are balanced tree data structures that allow for efficient insertion, deletion, and search operations.

• B-tree indexes are particularly useful for range queries and sequential access.

• Example: In a database tab...read more
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Q24. What is a trigger in SQL and how is it used?
Ans. 
A trigger in SQL is a special type of stored procedure that is automatically executed when certain events occur in a database.
• Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, maintain referential integrity, and automate repetitive tasks.

• There are two main types of triggers in SQL: BEFORE triggers and AFTER triggers.

• An example of a trigger is a BEFORE INSERT trigger that automatically sets a default value for a column if
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Q25. What are ACID properties?
Ans. 
ACID properties are a set of properties that guarantee the reliability of database transactions.
• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

• Atomicity ensures that either all operations in a transaction are completed successfully or none are.

• Consistency ensures that the database remains in a consistent state before and after the transaction.

• Isolation ensures that the concurrent execution of transac...read more
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Q26. What are the types of joins and what is the difference between them?
Ans. 
Types of joins in SQL include inner join, outer join (left, right, full), cross join, and self join.
• Inner join: returns rows when there is a match in both tables based on the join condition.

• Outer join: returns all rows from one table and only matching rows from the other table.

• Left outer join: returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right outer join: returns all rows from the righ...read more
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Q27. What is normalization?
Ans. 
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• Normalization involves breaking down data into smaller, more manageable tables

• It helps in reducing data redundancy by eliminating duplicate data

• Normalization ensures data integrity by enforcing relationships between tables

• There are different levels of normalization such as 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF
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Q28. Suppose there are two tables: A Customer table and an Order table. The Order table has a column OrderID CustomerID, OrderStatus, and TotalAmount. The Customer table has the columns CustomerID, CustomerNa...read more
Ans. 
Query to print CustomerID, CustomerName, OrderStatus, and TotalAmount excluding orders placed in August.
• Join Customer and Order tables on CustomerID

• Filter out orders placed in August using WHERE clause

• Select CustomerID, CustomerName, OrderStatus, and TotalAmount columns
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Q1. Tell me about your family background, education, work experience, and project, on which you have worked.
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Q2. Write a Java code and Angular code to retrieve the data from the given URL. "-----/"
Ans. 
Retrieve data from a given URL using Java and Angular code.
• Use Java's HttpURLConnection class to make a GET request to the URL and retrieve the data.

• In Angular, use HttpClient module to send a GET request to the URL and fetch the data.

• Parse the retrieved data in both Java and Angular to extract the required information.
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Aptitude test consists of topics like percentages ,profits and loss like this they covered all the topics there is verbal ability also

Q1. Explain four pillars of oops
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Q2. About projects
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