90+ UNICO India Interview Questions and Answers

Find the length of the largest subarray with equal number of 0s and 1s in a given array.

• Iterate through the array and maintain a count of 0s and 1s encountered so far.

• Store the count difference in a hashmap with the index as key.

• If the same count difference is encountered again, the subarray between the two indices has equal 0s and 1s.

The maximum number of bridges that can be connected between two sides of a river without crossing each other.

• This is a dynamic programming problem.

• Create a 2D array to store the maximum number of bridges that can be connected at each position.

• Initialize the first row and column of the array with 0.

• Iterate through the sides of the river and compare the labels.

• If the labels match, update the value in the array by adding 1 to the diagonal element.

• If the labels don't match, take ...read more

Connect adjacent nodes at the same level in a binary tree by populating each node's 'next' pointer.

• Traverse the tree level by level using a queue.

• For each node, connect it to the next node in the queue.

• If there is no next node, set the 'next' pointer to NULL.

Find the duplicate element in an array of integers.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of seen elements using a set or hashmap.

• If an element is already in the set, it is the duplicate element.

• Return the duplicate element once found.

Calculate the total sum of all root to leaf paths in an arbitrary binary tree.

• Traverse the tree from root to leaf nodes, keeping track of the current path sum.

• Add the current node value to the path sum and multiply by 10 for each level.

• When reaching a leaf node, add the final path sum to the total sum.

• Return the total sum modulo (10^9 + 7) as the final result.

Compute the skyline of given rectangular buildings in a 2D city, eliminating hidden lines and forming the outer contour of the silhouette.

• Iterate through the buildings and create a list of critical points (x, y) where the height changes.

• Sort the critical points based on x-coordinate and process them to form the skyline.

• Merge consecutive horizontal segments of equal height into one to ensure no duplicates.

• Return the final list of key points representing the skyline.

• Example: Fo...read more

Given a dictionary of words and a continuous string, generate all possible sentences by inserting spaces.

• Iterate through the continuous string and check all possible substrings to see if they are in the dictionary.

• Use recursion to generate all possible sentences by inserting spaces at different positions.

• Return the valid sentences formed using the words from the dictionary.

Count the total number of inversions in an integer array.

• Iterate through the array and for each pair of indices, check if the conditions for inversion are met.

• Use a nested loop to compare each pair of elements in the array.

• Keep a count of the inversions found and return the total count at the end.

Add two numbers represented as linked lists in reverse order and return the sum as a linked list.

• Traverse both linked lists simultaneously while keeping track of carry.

• Create a new linked list to store the sum digits.

• Handle cases where one list is longer than the other.

• Remember to consider the carry in the last step of addition.

The Word Ladder problem involves finding the shortest transformation sequence from one word to another by changing one letter at a time.

• Use breadth-first search to find the shortest transformation sequence.

• Create a graph where each word is a node and edges connect words that differ by one letter.

• Keep track of visited words to avoid cycles and optimize the search process.

• Return -1 if no transformation sequence is possible.

• Example: For input 'hit', 'cog', and dictionary ['hot',...read more

Merge two sorted arrays into one sorted array within the first array.

• Create a pointer for the end of each array to compare and merge elements.

• Start from the end of the first array and compare elements from both arrays to merge.

• Continue merging elements until all elements from the second array are merged into the first array.

The task is to find the shortest path of transformed 0s that connects two islands in a 2-D binary matrix.

• Identify the two islands in the matrix as distinct connected components of 1s.

• Construct a bridge by converting some 0s to 1s to connect the two islands.

• Output the minimal length of the bridge needed to connect the two islands for each test case.

Restore a Binary Search Tree by fixing two swapped nodes without changing its structure.

• Identify the two swapped nodes by performing an inorder traversal of the BST.

• Swap the values of the two identified nodes.

• Perform another inorder traversal to restore the BST structure.

• Ensure no extra space is used other than the recursion stack.

The problem involves determining the number of distinct ways to climb from the 0th to the Nth stair, with the ability to climb one or two steps at a time.

• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.

• Consider the base cases where N=0 and N=1 separately.

• For N>1, the number of ways to reach the Nth stair is the sum of the number of ways to reach the (N-1)th stair and the number of ways to reach the (N-2)th stair.

• Apply modulo 10^9+7 to avoid overflow issues.

• Example: ...read more

Determine if any two intervals overlap based on start and end times.

• Iterate through intervals and check for any overlapping intervals

• Consider edge cases where intervals end and start at the same time

• Return true if any two intervals overlap, otherwise false

Find pairs of elements in an array that sum up to a given value, sorted in a specific order.

• Iterate through the array and use a hashmap to store the difference between the target sum and each element.

• Check if the difference exists in the hashmap, if so, add the pair to the result list.

• Sort the result list based on the criteria mentioned in the question.

• Return the sorted list of pairs.

The number of ways to reach the nth step using 1 or 2 steps at a time.

• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem

• Create an array to store the number of ways to reach each step

• Initialize the first two elements of the array as 1, since there is only one way to reach the first and second steps

• For each subsequent step, the number of ways to reach it is the sum of the number of ways to reach the previous two steps

• Return the value at the nth index of the array

Find the maximum level sum in a binary tree with integer nodes.

• Traverse the binary tree level by level and calculate the sum of nodes at each level.

• Keep track of the maximum level sum encountered so far.

• Return the maximum level sum as the output.

Find the maximum sum of a non-empty subarray from a circular array.

• Identify the maximum sum of a non-empty subarray within the circular array

• Consider both normal and circular subarrays to find the maximum sum

• Implement a function to solve the problem efficiently

Implement a function to compute the sum of two large integers given as strings.

• Convert the input strings to integers and add them digit by digit from right to left, considering carry over.

• Handle cases where one number is longer than the other by padding with zeros.

• Return the final sum as a string.

Replace spaces in a string with '@40'.

• Iterate through the string and replace spaces with '@40'.

• Use string manipulation functions to achieve the desired output.

• Handle multiple test cases by looping through each input string.

The Josephus problem involves eliminating every k-th person in a circle until only one person remains.

• Create a circular linked list to represent the circle of people.

• Iterate through the list and eliminate every k-th person.

• Repeat the process until only one person remains.

• The position of the last person standing can be calculated using a mathematical formula.

The set of all nodes that can occur in any path from a source to a destination in both directed and undirected graphs.

• Perform a depth-first search (DFS) or breadth-first search (BFS) from the source node to the destination node.

• During the search, keep track of all visited nodes.

• Add each visited node to the set of nodes that can occur in any path.

• Repeat the search for both directed and undirected graphs.

• The resulting set will contain all nodes that can occur in any path from t...read more

Find the maximum interval that intersects the maximum number of intervals.

• Sort the intervals based on their start times.

• Iterate through the sorted intervals and keep track of the current interval with the maximum number of intersections.

• Update the maximum interval whenever a new interval intersects more intervals than the current maximum interval.

The problem involves determining the minimum time required to paint all boards with a given number of painters.

• Iterate through the array to find the maximum board length.

• Use binary search to find the minimum time required to paint all boards.

• Optimize the painting process by assigning continuous sections of boards to painters.

Given a string without spaces and a dictionary of words, generate all possible sentences by inserting spaces.

• Use backtracking to generate all possible combinations of words from the dictionary to form sentences

• Iterate through the string and try to match substrings with words from the dictionary

• Recursively build sentences by adding words that match the substrings

• Return all valid sentences formed

Check if an array can be partitioned into two subarrays with equal sum.

• Iterate through the array and calculate the total sum of all elements.

• If the sum is odd, return false as it cannot be divided into two equal parts.

• If the sum is even, try to find a subset with sum equal to half of the total sum.

• Use dynamic programming or backtracking to find the subset sum.

Merge two sorted arrays with empty spaces at the end in a single pass.

• Initialize two pointers at the end of each array

• Compare the elements at the pointers and place the larger element at the end of the merged array

• Decrement the pointer of the array from which the larger element was taken

• Repeat until all elements are merged

Use 'pkill' command with '-f' option to kill all java processes.

• Open terminal or command prompt

• Type 'pkill -f java' and press enter

• All java processes will be terminated

Use a combination of weighing and counting to identify coins of different denominations.

• Separate coins by weight to identify different denominations (e.g. pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters)

• Count the number of each denomination to confirm the identification

• Use a scale to measure weight differences between coins

Rental real estate in India is a thriving market with high demand and various factors influencing its functioning.

• Rental real estate in India is driven by factors such as location, property type, and market demand.

• The rental market in India is highly competitive, especially in major cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore.

• Property owners can earn rental income by leasing out residential or commercial properties.

• Rent agreements in India typically involve a fixed term, securit...read more

Find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters in a given string.

• Use a sliding window approach to keep track of the longest substring without repeating characters.

• Use a hashmap to store the index of each character in the string.

• Update the start index of the window when a repeating character is encountered.

• Calculate the maximum length of the substring as you iterate through the string.

• Return the maximum length of the substring at the end.

Implement Ctrl+F functionality in a file using string search algorithms.

• Read the file content into a string variable

• Implement a string search algorithm like Knuth-Morris-Pratt or Boyer-Moore

• Allow user input for the search query and display the results

The code should traverse the binary tree level by level and update the next pointers accordingly.

• Use a queue to perform level order traversal of the binary tree.

• For each node, update its next pointer to point to the next node in the queue.

• If the current node is the last node in the level, update its next pointer to NULL.

Given a map with flats and their location and visibility index, show every flat with a square of 32x32.

• Create a 1024x1024 map with flats and their visibility index

• Loop through each flat and draw a 32x32 square around it

• Display the map with all the flats highlighted

Function expression is assigned to a variable, while function declaration is hoisted to the top of the scope.

• Function expression is not hoisted, while function declaration is hoisted.

• Function expression can be anonymous, while function declaration must have a name.

• Function expression can be assigned to a variable, while function declaration cannot.

The CSS position property defines the positioning method of an element.

• Static: Default position, elements are positioned according to the normal flow of the document.

• Relative: Positioned relative to its normal position.

• Absolute: Positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor.

• Fixed: Positioned relative to the viewport, does not move when the page is scrolled.

• Sticky: Acts like a combination of relative and fixed positioning.

Implement a ctlr+f (find) functionality in a file using a data structure.

• Create a data structure to store the file content, such as an array of strings.

• Implement a function that takes a search query and returns the matching lines from the file.

• Use string matching algorithms like Knuth-Morris-Pratt or Boyer-Moore for efficient searching.

• Consider optimizing the data structure for faster search operations, like using a trie or a hash table.

The exact number of women traveling in a Delhi metro line on a Saturday is not available.

• The Delhi metro authorities do not provide real-time data on the number of women passengers.

• The number of women traveling on a Saturday can vary depending on various factors such as time of day, specific metro line, and events happening in the city.

• To determine the exact number, a survey or data collection process would be required.

• The Delhi metro authorities may have historical data on t...read more

Deep copy creates a new copy of an object/array with all nested values copied, while shallow copy creates a new object/array with references to the original nested values.

• Deep copy creates a completely new copy of an object/array, including all nested values, while shallow copy only creates a new object/array with references to the original nested values.

• In JavaScript, deep copy can be achieved using methods like JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj)) or libraries like Lodash's _.cl...read more

It is not possible to add two integers that cannot be stored even in long long int.

• The maximum value that can be stored in long long int is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.

• Any two integers whose sum exceeds this value cannot be stored in long long int.

• In such cases, a different data type or approach is required to handle the large numbers.

SassScript supports data types like numbers, strings, colors, booleans, lists, and maps.

• Numbers: Can be integers or decimals, with or without units (e.g. 10, 2.5px)

• Strings: Can be enclosed in single or double quotes (e.g. 'Hello', "World")

• Colors: Represented in various formats like hex, RGB, or named colors (e.g. #FF0000, rgb(255, 0, 0), red)

• Booleans: Represented as true or false values

• Lists: Ordered collection of values separated by commas (e.g. 1, 2, 3)

• Maps: Key-value pairs...read more

Absolute positioning is relative to the nearest positioned ancestor, while fixed positioning is relative to the viewport.

• Absolute positioning is relative to the nearest positioned ancestor.

• Fixed positioning is relative to the viewport.

• Absolute positioned elements are removed from the normal document flow.

• Fixed positioned elements stay in the same position even when the page is scrolled.

You can kill all Java processes with a single command using pkill or killall commands.

• Use pkill command followed by the process name 'java' to kill all Java processes: pkill java

• Alternatively, you can use killall command with the process name 'java' to achieve the same result: killall java

Yes, by using regular expressions to match phone number patterns.

• Use regular expressions to match phone number patterns

• Common phone number patterns include (XXX) XXX-XXXX and XXX-XXX-XXXX

• Consider international phone number formats as well

• Use a programming language with regex support, such as Python or JavaScript

The function decodes a URL-encoded string by replacing specific characters with their corresponding symbols.

• Iterate through each character in the input string

• If the character is '%', check the next two characters to determine the replacement symbol

• Replace the '%XX' sequence with the corresponding symbol

• Continue until all occurrences of '%XX' are replaced

The number of Nike shoes sold in India during sale season is not available.

• Data on the number of Nike shoes sold in India during sale season is not provided.

• The exact number of Nike shoes sold during sale season can vary each year.

• Sales data for Nike shoes in India during sale season is not publicly available.

Sockets allow real-time bidirectional communication between client and server, while Ajax enables asynchronous communication for updating parts of a web page without reloading.

• Sockets provide a continuous connection for real-time data exchange, while Ajax makes asynchronous requests to update specific parts of a web page.

• Sockets are commonly used in applications requiring real-time updates like chat applications, online gaming, and live streaming, while Ajax is used for fetch...read more

Use inotifywait command to monitor file changes in Linux.

• Install inotify-tools package

• Use inotifywait command with options like -m for continuous monitoring and -e for specific events

• Example: inotifywait -m /var/log/messages -e modify

• Output will show the file path, event type and timestamp

Airtel's revenue sources include mobile services, digital TV, enterprise services, and others. Approximate figure is around $12 billion.

• Mobile services including voice and data

• Digital TV services

• Enterprise services such as cloud and connectivity solutions

• Other sources such as payments bank and Airtel Xstream

• Approximate revenue figure is around $12 billion

Chef is a configuration management tool used in DevOps to automate infrastructure deployment and management.

• Automating server configuration and management

• Ensuring consistency across environments

• Enabling infrastructure as code practices

• Automating application deployment processes

• Managing complex infrastructure at scale

Chef is a configuration management tool used for automating infrastructure deployment and management.

• Chef helps in automating the process of configuring and managing servers and applications.

• It allows for consistent and repeatable infrastructure deployments.

• Chef can be used to manage both on-premises and cloud-based infrastructure.

• It provides a centralized platform for managing configurations and enforcing policies.

• Chef can be integrated with other DevOps tools like Jenkins a...read more

The maximum contiguous circular sum in an array is the maximum sum that can be obtained by wrapping the array around in a circular manner.

• To find the maximum contiguous circular sum, we can use Kadane's algorithm twice.

• First, we find the maximum sum using Kadane's algorithm for the non-circular array.

• Then, we find the maximum sum using Kadane's algorithm for the circular array by subtracting the minimum sum subarray from the total sum of the array.

• The maximum of these two sum...read more

Financial markets have a significant impact on real estate by influencing interest rates, investment flows, and property values.

• Interest rates: Changes in interest rates affect mortgage rates, making it more or less affordable for individuals to buy homes.

• Investment flows: Investors often allocate funds between financial markets and real estate, impacting property prices and demand.

• Property values: Economic conditions and investor sentiment in financial markets can influence ...read more

Grunt modules or plugins are extensions that provide additional functionality to the Grunt task runner.

• Grunt modules or plugins are used to automate tasks in web development.

• They can be used for tasks like minification, compilation, unit testing, etc.

• Examples of Grunt plugins include grunt-contrib-uglify for minifying JavaScript files and grunt-sass for compiling Sass files.

Optimise SQL query by identifying bottlenecks and improving indexing and query structure.

• Identify slow performing queries using profiling tools

• Improve indexing by adding or removing indexes

• Rewrite query structure to reduce complexity and improve performance

• Use query optimisation techniques like subqueries and joins

• Consider caching frequently accessed data

Yes, event delegation can be achieved by attaching an event listener to a parent element and then checking the target element of the event.

• Attach an event listener to a parent element that contains the child elements you want to delegate events to.

• Check the target element of the event to determine if it matches the desired child element.

• Perform the appropriate action based on the target element.

Ruby program to check directory existence and write permissions.

• Use File.exist? method to check if directory exists.

• Use File.writable? method to check if directory has write permissions.

• Combine both methods to get the desired result.

Good is subjective and can vary based on context. Bad can be improved by identifying and addressing the root cause.

• Good can be good because it meets a specific need or requirement

• Good can also be good because it exceeds expectations or provides additional benefits

• Bad can be improved by identifying the root cause of the issue

• Once the root cause is identified, a plan can be put in place to address it

• Regular evaluation and feedback can help ensure continued improvement

Use binary search algorithm with slight modifications to handle rotated sorted array efficiently.

• Find the pivot point where the array is rotated.

• Determine which half of the array the target value lies in based on the pivot point.

• Perform binary search on the appropriate half of the array.

The estimated money spent on rental housing in Bombay for 1BHK and 2BHK apartments depends on various factors such as location, amenities, and demand.

• The rental prices for 1BHK and 2BHK apartments vary depending on the location in Bombay.

• The rental prices are higher in areas like South Bombay, Bandra, and Juhu compared to suburbs like Thane and Navi Mumbai.

• The rental prices also depend on the amenities provided by the apartment complex such as gym, swimming pool, and parking ...read more

Find the length of the longest substring without any repeating characters.

• Use a sliding window approach to iterate through the string.

• Keep track of the characters seen so far using a set.

• Update the maximum length of the substring whenever a repeating character is encountered.

Report the scam to the appropriate authorities and seek legal action.

• Gather evidence of the scam such as emails, contracts, and receipts.

• Report the scam to the local real estate board or regulatory agency.

• Consider seeking legal action against the broker.

• Inform others in the industry about the scam to prevent future incidents.

• Be cautious when working with new brokers and thoroughly research their reputation and track record.

Position property in CSS

• position: static is the default value

• position: relative is relative to its normal position

• position: absolute is relative to the nearest positioned ancestor

• position: fixed is relative to the viewport

You can monitor file changes in Linux using tools like inotifywait, auditd, or by writing custom scripts.

• Use inotifywait command to monitor file changes in real-time

• Set up auditd to track file changes and system calls

• Write custom scripts using tools like inotify or diff to monitor specific files or directories

SQL query optimization techniques improve performance by reducing query execution time.

• Use indexes to speed up data retrieval

• Avoid using SELECT * and only retrieve necessary columns

• Optimize joins by using appropriate join types (e.g. INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN)

• Use WHERE clause to filter data early in the query

• Avoid using subqueries if possible

A browser renders a webpage by parsing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, constructing the DOM tree, rendering the layout, and painting the pixels on the screen.

• Browser requests the HTML file from the server

• Browser parses the HTML and constructs the DOM tree

• Browser fetches external resources like CSS and JavaScript files

• Browser applies CSS styles to the DOM elements and constructs the render tree

• Browser executes JavaScript code and updates the DOM accordingly

• Browser calculates the la...read more

Ruby program to check if a directory exists

• Use the File.directory? method in Ruby to check if a directory exists

• Provide the directory path as an argument to the method

• Return true if the directory exists, false otherwise

A server is a computer or software that provides functionality for other programs or devices, typically over a network.

• A server receives requests from clients and processes them to provide the requested services or data.

• Servers can host websites, store files, manage databases, or perform other specialized tasks.

• Examples of servers include web servers like Apache or Nginx, database servers like MySQL or PostgreSQL, and file servers like FTP or NFS.

• Servers often run continuousl...read more

A server is a computer program that provides services to other computer programs or clients over a network.

• A server listens for incoming requests from clients

• It processes the requests and sends back the response

• Servers can be dedicated or shared

• Examples include web servers, email servers, and file servers

Linux boot process involves several stages including BIOS, bootloader, kernel initialization, and user space initialization.

• BIOS performs a power-on self-test and loads the bootloader from the boot device.

• Bootloader loads the kernel into memory and initializes it.

• Kernel initializes hardware, mounts the root file system, and starts the init process.

• Init process starts user space processes and services.

• Linux boot process can be customized by modifying bootloader configuration a...read more

Sorry, I cannot answer this question without available data.

• No data available to calculate revenue of the government electricity board of Maharastra.

The Linux boot process involves several stages including BIOS, bootloader, kernel initialization, and user space initialization.

• BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) performs hardware initialization and loads the bootloader

• Bootloader (such as GRUB) loads the Linux kernel into memory and starts its execution

• Kernel initializes devices, mounts the root filesystem, and starts the init process

• Init process (systemd or SysVinit) initializes user space components and services

A process in Linux is an instance of a running program, identified by a unique process ID (PID) and containing information about its execution.

• A process is an executing instance of a program in Linux.

• Each process is identified by a unique process ID (PID).

• Processes can be managed using commands like ps, top, and kill.

• Processes can run in the foreground or background.

• Examples of processes include web servers, database servers, and user applications.

Given a binary tree, print sum of each level

• Use a breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm to traverse the tree level by level

• Keep track of the sum of each level using a separate variable for each level

• Print the sum of each level after traversing the entire tree

Closures in JavaScript are functions that have access to variables from their outer scope even after the outer function has finished executing.

• Closures allow functions to access variables from their parent function's scope

• They are created whenever a function is defined within another function

• Closures can be used to create private variables and functions in JavaScript

Node is a popular server-side JavaScript runtime environment.

• Node is fast and efficient for handling I/O operations.

• It has a large and active community with a vast number of modules available.

• Node allows for easy scalability and can handle a large number of concurrent connections.

• It is cross-platform and can run on various operating systems.

• Node is commonly used for building real-time applications, APIs, and microservices.

A product manager should have strong leadership, communication, and analytical skills.

• Leadership: Ability to inspire and motivate cross-functional teams towards a common goal.

• Communication: Excellent communication skills to effectively convey product vision, strategy, and roadmap to stakeholders.

• Analytical skills: Ability to analyze data and make data-driven decisions to improve product performance.

• Customer-focused: Understanding customer needs and pain points to develop prod...read more

Good products solve problems and provide value, while bad products are poorly designed and fail to meet user needs.

• Good products are intuitive and easy to use

• Good products have a clear value proposition

• Good products are reliable and perform well

• Bad products have confusing interfaces and are difficult to navigate

• Bad products lack key features or have unnecessary ones

• Bad products are prone to bugs and crashes

• Example of good product: iPhone

• Example of bad product: Juicero

Interstellar is a science fiction movie that explores the concept of time travel and the survival of humanity.

• The movie is based on the theory of relativity and the concept of wormholes.

• It explores the idea of time dilation, where time moves slower in a strong gravitational field.

• The movie also touches upon the consequences of climate change and the need for humanity to find a new habitable planet.

• The plot revolves around a group of astronauts who travel through a wormhole in...read more

Webpack is a module bundler for JavaScript applications.

• Webpack takes modules with dependencies and generates static assets representing those modules.

• It can handle various types of assets like JavaScript, CSS, and images.

• Webpack allows for code splitting, lazy loading, and hot module replacement.

• Common configuration options include entry, output, loaders, and plugins.

Sockets and Ajax are both used for real-time communication, but sockets are more efficient for continuous data transfer.

• Sockets provide a persistent connection between client and server, while Ajax uses HTTP requests.

• Sockets are faster and more efficient for real-time data transfer.

• Ajax is better suited for occasional data updates or small amounts of data.

• Examples of socket-based applications include chat rooms and online gaming.

• Examples of Ajax-based applications include soc...read more

It is not clear what 'it' refers to in the question.

• Please provide more context or clarify the question.

• Without additional information, it is impossible to answer the question.

• Can you please rephrase the question or provide more details?

Inheritance with prototypes allows objects to inherit properties and methods from other objects in JavaScript.

• Create a constructor function for the parent object

• Add properties and methods to the parent object's prototype

• Create a constructor function for the child object

• Set the child object's prototype to be an instance of the parent object

The average value of sales made per transaction till date.

• Sales ticket size till date is the average value of sales made per transaction.

• It is calculated by dividing the total sales revenue by the number of transactions.

• For example, if a company has made $100,000 in sales from 1,000 transactions, the sales ticket size till date would be $100.

• This metric can help identify trends in customer spending habits and inform pricing strategies.

• It can also be used to track the effectiv...read more

Prototypal Inheritance is a way of creating objects based on existing objects.

• Objects inherit properties and methods from their prototype object

• Allows for efficient use of memory and code reuse

• Can lead to unexpected behavior if not used carefully

Pricing of a product

• Consider the cost of production, marketing, and distribution

• Analyze the competition and market demand

• Determine the value proposition and target audience

• Set a price that is competitive and profitable

• Regularly review and adjust pricing strategy

ES6 (ECMAScript 2015) is a major update to JavaScript that introduced new features and syntax.

• let and const for variable declaration

• arrow functions for concise syntax

• template literals for string interpolation

• destructuring for easy assignment of object properties

• spread and rest operators for manipulating arrays and objects

• classes for object-oriented programming

• modules for better code organization

Implement a generics method map in Java

• Create a generic method that takes an array and a function as parameters

• Use a lambda expression to apply the function to each element in the array

• Return a new array with the transformed elements

Rotated sorted array problem involves finding a target element in a rotated sorted array.

• Use binary search to find the pivot point where the array is rotated.

• Divide the array into two subarrays and perform binary search on the appropriate subarray.

• Handle cases where the target element is at the pivot point or not present in the array.

Closures are functions that have access to variables in their outer scope.

• Closures are created when a function is defined inside another function.

• The inner function has access to the outer function's variables, even after the outer function has returned.

• Closures can be used to create private variables and methods in JavaScript.

• Example: function outer() { let x = 10; function inner() { console.log(x); } return inner; } const closure = outer(); closure(); // logs 10

Closure in JS is when a function is able to remember and access its lexical scope even when it is executed outside that scope.

• Closure allows a function to access variables from its outer function even after the outer function has finished executing.

• Functions in JavaScript form closures, which means they 'remember' the variables in the scope where they were created.

• Closures are commonly used in event handlers, callbacks, and in modules to create private variables.

Design a heap tree data structure

• A heap is a complete binary tree where the value of each node is greater than or equal to the values of its children

• There are two types of heaps: min heap (parent node is smaller than children) and max heap (parent node is larger than children)

• Heap can be implemented using arrays where parent node at index i has children at indices 2i+1 and 2i+2