10405090xyzabc Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

First round was based on logical questions and was taken on hacker earth

Q1. First question was based on rotating a matrix by 90 degrees
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Q1. What is a transaction in DBMS, what are ACID properties? Explain the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases. How would you optimize a slow running query?
Ans. 
A transaction in DBMS is a unit of work that must be executed as a whole. ACID properties ensure data integrity. SQL is relational, NoSQL is non-relational.
• A transaction in DBMS is a set of operations that must be executed as a single unit.

• ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensure data integrity in transactions.

• SQL databases are relational and use structured query language, while NoSQL data...read more
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Q2. Define encapsulation and provide an example. Discuss the principles of inheritance and polymorphism.
Ans. 
Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit. Inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class. Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.
• Encapsulation helps in data hiding and abstraction

• Example: A class 'Car' encapsulates data like make, model, and methods like start(), stop()

• ...read more
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Q3. Explain how to detect a cycle in a linked list.
Ans. 
Use Floyd's Tortoise and Hare algorithm to detect a cycle in a linked list.
• Start with two pointers, slow and fast, moving at different speeds.

• If there is a cycle, the two pointers will eventually meet at some point.

• If there is no cycle, the fast pointer will reach the end of the list.

• Example: 1->2->3->4->5->2 (cycle at node 2), slow and fast pointers will meet at node 2.
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