600+ Ernst & Young Interview Questions and Answers

Technical interview questions for Senior Consultant role

• Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM used for efficient updates

• React component life cycle includes mounting, updating, and unmounting phases

• Higher-order components are functions that take a component and return a new component with additional functionality

• Basic javascript logical codes like reversing a string can be done using built-in methods or loops

• map, reduce, and filter are array methods used for mani...read more

Maximize the number of vaccines administered on a specific day while adhering to certain rules.

• Given n days, maxVaccines available, and a specific dayNumber, distribute vaccines to maximize on dayNumber

• Administer positive number of vaccines each day with a difference of 1 between consecutive days

• Ensure sum of vaccines distributed does not exceed maxVaccines

• Output the maximum number of vaccines administered on dayNumber for each test case

Yes, I have both risk management experience and audit work experience.

• I have worked as a risk management consultant for XYZ Company for 5 years.

• During my time at XYZ Company, I successfully implemented risk management strategies for several clients, helping them identify and mitigate potential risks.

• I have also conducted numerous risk assessments and developed risk mitigation plans.

• In terms of audit work experience, I have worked as an auditor at ABC Firm for 3 years.

• I have c...read more

Supply chain consulting involves optimizing and improving the flow of goods and services from suppliers to customers.

• Supply chain consulting focuses on analyzing and improving the efficiency of the supply chain process.

• It involves identifying bottlenecks, reducing costs, and enhancing customer satisfaction.

• Consultants may suggest strategies for inventory management, transportation, and distribution.

• They may also recommend technology solutions to streamline operations.

• For exam...read more

Identify the duplicate integer in an array containing numbers between 1 and N-1.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the frequency of each element using a hashmap.

• Return the element with a frequency greater than 1 as the duplicate integer.

• Ensure the constraints are met and a duplicate number is guaranteed to be present.

Given two linked lists, find the node where they intersect, if any.

• Traverse both lists to find their lengths and the difference in lengths

• Move the pointer of the longer list by the difference in lengths

• Traverse both lists in parallel until they meet at the intersection node

As a consultant, I would analyze the Indian telecom market and provide a market entry strategy for the North American operator.

• Conduct a market analysis to understand the current telecom landscape in India

• Identify potential competitors and their market share

• Assess regulatory and legal requirements for foreign telecom operators

• Evaluate the demand for telecom services in different regions of India

• Develop a market entry strategy based on the analysis and recommend the best appro...read more

Journal entries for sales return and purchase return.

• Sales return journal entry: Debit Sales Returns and Credit Accounts Receivable/Accounts Payable.

• Purchase return journal entry: Debit Accounts Payable and Credit Purchase Returns.

Find the smallest subarray in an array with exactly K distinct elements.

• Use a sliding window approach to keep track of the subarray with K distinct elements.

• Use a hashmap to store the frequency of each element in the window.

• Update the window by expanding or shrinking based on the number of distinct elements.

• Return the smallest subarray with K distinct elements and the smallest leftmost index.

Design a HashMap data structure with operations like INSERT, DELETE, SEARCH, GET, GET_SIZE, and IS_EMPTY.

• Implement a hash table with efficient key-value mapping.

• Ensure constant time complexity for operations.

• Handle cases where key is not found or data structure is empty.

• Example: INSERT('key1', 10), SEARCH('key1'), GET('key1'), DELETE('key1'), GET_SIZE(), IS_EMPTY()

Group anagrams in a list of strings together and return each group as a list of strings.

• Iterate through the list of strings and sort each string alphabetically to identify anagrams.

• Use a hashmap to group anagrams together based on their sorted versions.

• Return the values of the hashmap as the grouped anagrams.

The duty charged on 30 gms of gold bought in London depends on the country's tax laws and regulations.

• The duty charged on gold varies from country to country.

• It is important to consider the tax laws and regulations of the specific country in question.

• Researching the customs and import duties of the destination country is necessary to determine the duty charged on gold.

• Consulting with a tax analyst or customs expert can provide accurate information on duty charges for gold pur...read more

Detect if an array contains a Pythagorean triplet by checking if there are three integers x, y, and z such that x^2 + y^2 = z^2.

• Iterate through all possible combinations of three integers in the array and check if x^2 + y^2 = z^2.

• Use a nested loop to generate all possible combinations efficiently.

• Return 'yes' if a Pythagorean triplet is found, otherwise return 'no'.

Interview questions on Python programming concepts and tools.

• List and tuple are both sequence data types, but tuples are immutable.

• List comprehension is a concise way to create lists based on existing lists.

• Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions.

• Sequential data types are accessed in a specific order, while non-sequential data types are not.

• Pandas is a Python library for data manipulation and analysis.

• DataFrames can be created from dictionaries us...read more

Advise P&G on cost reduction in logistics & supply chain after acquiring Gillette.

• Conduct a thorough analysis of the current logistics & supply chain processes to identify areas of improvement.

• Explore options for optimizing transportation routes and modes to reduce costs.

• Implement a demand-driven supply chain strategy to reduce inventory and improve efficiency.

• Leverage technology such as automation and data analytics to streamline operations and reduce costs.

• Collaborate with ...read more

Supply chain management is the coordination and management of activities involved in the production and delivery of products and services.

• It involves the planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery of products or services

• It aims to optimize the flow of goods and services from the supplier to the customer

• It involves managing relationships with suppliers and customers

• It helps to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and increase customer satisfaction

• Examples include inventory m...read more

Swap two numbers 'a' and 'b' and output the swapped values.

• Create a temporary variable to store one of the numbers before swapping

• Swap the values of 'a' and 'b' using the temporary variable

• Output the swapped values as 'b' followed by 'a'

• Example: If 'a' = 3 and 'b' = 4, after swapping 'a' will be 4 and 'b' will be 3

Toothpaste company facing revenue and margin decline. What to do?

• Conduct market research to identify reasons for decline

• Analyze competitors' strategies and pricing

• Revamp marketing and advertising campaigns

• Introduce new product variants or improve existing ones

• Consider cost-cutting measures to improve margins

• Explore new distribution channels

• Collaborate with dentists or dental clinics for endorsements

• Offer promotions or discounts to attract customers

• Invest in digital marketing ...read more

Java is platform independent because it can run on any system with JVM, which is platform dependent due to its need to interact with the underlying hardware.

• Java code is compiled into bytecode, which can be executed on any system with a JVM installed.

• JVM acts as an intermediary between the Java code and the underlying hardware of the system.

• JVM is platform dependent because it needs to interact with the specific hardware and operating system of the system it is running on.

• Exa...read more

Verify if two strings are anagrams of each other by rearranging their letters.

• Create character frequency maps for both strings.

• Compare the frequency of characters in both maps to check if they are anagrams.

• Return 'True' if the frequencies match, else return 'False'.

The task is to find the Kth largest element in a given list of numbers for each test case.

• Read the number of test cases 'T'

• For each test case, read the number of elements 'N' and the value of 'K'

• Sort the array in descending order and output the Kth element

The product of multiplying all the numbers on a calculator.

• To find the product, multiply all the numbers displayed on the calculator.

• Include both the digits and any mathematical symbols on the calculator.

• If there are no numbers on the calculator, the product would be 0.

• If there is a decimal point on the calculator, consider it as a number.

E&Y strengths can be leveraged to help telecom companies grow their enterprise business by...

• Providing strategic consulting services to identify growth opportunities and develop effective business strategies

• Offering financial advisory services to help telecom companies secure funding for expansion and investment in new technologies

• Leveraging E&Y's global network to connect telecom companies with potential partners and customers

• Providing technology consulting services to help ...read more

Engaged with various stakeholders internally and externally, including partnerships, donors, and clients, to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes.

• Engaged with internal stakeholders such as team members, managers, and executives to align on project goals and strategies

• Collaborated with external partners and clients to develop joint initiatives and projects

• Managed relationships with donors to secure funding for projects and ensure transparency and accountability

• Handled challeng...read more

GroupBy is used to group data based on a column while Having is used to filter grouped data based on a condition.

• GroupBy is used with aggregate functions like SUM, COUNT, AVG, etc.

• Having is used to filter data after grouping based on a condition.

• GroupBy is used before Having in a SQL query.

• Example: SELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;

• Example: SELECT department, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING AVG(salary) > 5...read more

To calculate 45 minutes using 2 unevenly greased ropes and 1 candle.

• Light both ropes at the same time

• After 30 minutes, the first rope will be completely burned and the second rope will have 30 minutes of grease left

• Light the candle at this point

• When the second rope is completely burned, 15 minutes will have passed since the candle was lit

The New Companies Act 2013 was introduced to modernize and improve corporate governance in India.

• The Companies Act 1956 was outdated and needed to be replaced with a more comprehensive and contemporary legislation.

• The new act aimed to align Indian corporate laws with international standards and best practices.

• It introduced several new provisions to enhance transparency, accountability, and investor protection.

• The Act introduced the concept of One Person Company (OPC) and made...read more

Auditing is the process of examining financial records to ensure accuracy and compliance with laws and regulations.

• Depreciation methods include straight-line, double-declining balance, and units of production.

• Basic journal entries include debits and credits to accounts such as cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable.

• Auditing involves testing internal controls, verifying transactions, and assessing financial statements.

• Examples of auditing procedures include reviewing ...read more

I have X years of experience. Anti-money laundering refers to the laws, regulations, and procedures intended to prevent criminals from disguising illegally obtained funds as legitimate income.

• I have X years of experience in the field of anti-money laundering.

• Anti-money laundering (AML) is a set of laws, regulations, and procedures designed to prevent the illegal generation of income.

• AML is intended to prevent criminals from disguising illegally obtained funds as legitimate in...read more

Investing in innovation and upskilling employees are key areas for Indian IT companies to remain competitive.

• Investing in research and development to create innovative solutions

• Upskilling employees to keep up with emerging technologies

• Focusing on customer-centric approach to deliver personalized solutions

• Adopting agile methodologies to improve efficiency and speed of delivery

• Collaborating with startups and other companies to leverage their expertise

• Expanding into new markets ...read more

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while interface can only have constants and method signatures.

• A class can extend only one abstract class, but can implement multiple interfaces.

• Abstract classes are used to define common characteristics of subclasses, while interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to implement.

• Example: Abstract cl...read more

setMaxResults() limits the number of results returned by a query, while setFetchSize() determines the number of rows fetched at a time from the database.

• setMaxResults() is used to limit the number of results returned by a query.

• setFetchSize() determines the number of rows fetched at a time from the database.

• setMaxResults() is typically used for pagination purposes, while setFetchSize() can improve performance by reducing the number of round trips to the database.

• Example: setM...read more

Top risks faced by IT companies at enterprise level

• Cybersecurity threats and data breaches

• Lack of skilled workforce and talent retention

• Dependency on third-party vendors and service providers

• Compliance and regulatory issues

• Technological obsolescence and disruption

• Financial instability and market volatility

To convert a .txt file into a .csv file in Python, you can use the csv module.

• Import the csv module

• Open the .txt file in read mode

• Open a new .csv file in write mode

• Use csv.reader to read the .txt file line by line

• Use csv.writer to write each line to the .csv file

Test Stub simulates the behavior of a module that a component depends on, while Test Driver controls the execution of the test case.

• Test Stub is used to simulate the behavior of a module that a component depends on.

• Test Driver is used to control the execution of the test case and interact with the component being tested.

• Test Stub provides canned answers to calls made during the test, while Test Driver initiates the test execution.

• Example: In a banking application, if the modu...read more

Selenium is a popular choice for web application testing due to its open-source nature, cross-browser compatibility, and robust automation capabilities.

• Selenium is open-source, making it cost-effective for organizations.

• Selenium supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, and C#, providing flexibility to automation testers.

• Selenium offers cross-browser compatibility, allowing tests to be run on different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.

• Selenium provid...read more

Assurance associate is responsible for ensuring accuracy and compliance of financial statements and reports.

• Assist in audits and reviews of financial statements

• Evaluate internal controls and identify areas for improvement

• Ensure compliance with accounting standards and regulations

• Communicate findings and recommendations to clients

• Examples: PwC Assurance Associate, EY Assurance Associate

The CTC offered for this position is competitive and includes salary, benefits, and bonuses.

• CTC includes salary, benefits, bonuses, and other perks

• Negotiation may be possible based on experience and skills

• CTC details are typically discussed during the final stages of the interview process

Packages in Java help organize code, prevent naming conflicts, and provide access control.

• Organize code into logical groups for easier maintenance and readability

• Prevent naming conflicts by using unique package names

• Provide access control by using access modifiers like public, private, protected, and default

• Facilitate reusability by allowing classes to be easily imported and used in other packages

The Purchase Method and Pooling of Interests Method are two different accounting methods used for amalgamations.

• Purchase Method involves recording the amalgamation as an acquisition, with the acquiring company recognizing the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the acquired company.

• Pooling of Interests Method involves combining the financial statements of the merging companies as if they had always been a single entity.

• Under Purchase Method, goodwill is recognized as ...read more

GST is Goods and Services Tax, a comprehensive indirect tax levied on the supply of goods and services in India.

• GST was implemented in India on July 1, 2017, replacing multiple indirect taxes like VAT, excise duty, and service tax.

• It is a destination-based tax system, where the tax is collected at the point of consumption.

• GST aims to simplify the tax structure, eliminate cascading effect, and create a unified market across the country.

• It has different tax slabs for different ...read more

Filtering data in PySpark based on a particular condition.

• Use the filter() function to filter data based on a condition.

• Conditions can be specified using logical operators such as ==, >, <, etc.

• Multiple conditions can be combined using logical operators such as and, or, not.

• Example: df.filter(df['age'] > 25).filter(df['gender'] == 'Male')

• This will filter the data where age is greater than 25 and gender is Male.

To run a selected test from a group of tests in Cucumber, you can use tags to specify which test to run.

• Add tags to the scenarios in your feature files

• Use the @CucumberOptions annotation in your test runner class to specify the tags to include or exclude

• Run the test using the test runner class with the specified tags

Consulting a client on opening an outsourcing center in India

• Understand the client's goals and objectives for outsourcing to India

• Research the market trends and potential locations in India for the outsourcing center

• Assess the legal and regulatory requirements for setting up a business in India

• Evaluate the cost savings and benefits of outsourcing to India compared to other countries

• Provide guidance on cultural differences and communication strategies when working with Indian ...read more

Some standard Java pre-defined functional interfaces include Function, Consumer, Predicate, and Supplier.

• Function: Represents a function that accepts one argument and produces a result. Example: Function<Integer, String>

• Consumer: Represents an operation that accepts a single input argument and returns no result. Example: Consumer<String>

• Predicate: Represents a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one argument. Example: Predicate<Integer>

• Supplier: Represents a supplier of re...read more

Spring Boot offers annotations like @SpringBootApplication, @RestController, @Autowired, @Component, @RequestMapping, etc.

• @SpringBootApplication - Used to mark the main class of a Spring Boot application.

• @RestController - Used to define a class as a controller in a RESTful web service.

• @Autowired - Used for automatic dependency injection.

• @Component - Used to indicate that a class is a Spring component.

• @RequestMapping - Used to map web requests to specific handler methods.

Designing a Power BI dashboard involves creating a visually appealing layout, writing DAX queries to retrieve data, and scheduling refreshes.

• Identify the key metrics and KPIs to display on the dashboard

• Choose appropriate visualizations to represent the data

• Write DAX queries to retrieve and manipulate data

• Create calculated columns and measures to perform calculations

• Set up data refresh schedules to ensure the dashboard is up-to-date

• Consider user experience and design a user-fr...read more

Managing conflicts in a team and stakeholders requires effective communication, active listening, and problem-solving skills.

• Identify the root cause of the conflict and involve all parties in finding a solution

• Encourage open and honest communication to avoid misunderstandings

• Actively listen to all parties involved and acknowledge their concerns

• Use problem-solving techniques such as brainstorming and compromise to find a mutually beneficial solution

• When managing stakeholders, ...read more

Count the number of windows in Delhi by dividing the city into smaller areas and conducting a sample survey.

• Divide Delhi into smaller areas

• Conduct a sample survey in each area to count the number of windows in a few buildings

• Calculate the average number of windows per building in each area

• Multiply the average by the total number of buildings in the area to estimate the total number of windows

• Add up the estimates from each area to get the total number of windows in Delhi

EY's core values include integrity, respect, teamwork, and excellence.

• Integrity: Upholding the highest ethical standards in all actions

• Respect: Valuing diversity and treating everyone with dignity

• Teamwork: Collaborating effectively to achieve common goals

• Excellence: Striving for the highest quality in everything we do

Single linked list has one link per node, double linked list has two links per node, and circular linked list connects the last node to the first node.

• Single linked list: Each node has a reference to the next node only.

• Double linked list: Each node has references to both the next and previous nodes.

• Circular linked list: Last node's reference points back to the first node, forming a circle.

STLC is a systematic approach to software testing that defines the testing process from start to finish.

• STLC consists of phases like requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• Each phase has specific goals and deliverables to ensure the quality of the software.

• STLC helps in identifying defects early in the development cycle, reducing the cost of fixing them later.

• It ensures that the software meets the specified requirements and is ready...read more

A test automation framework consists of different components that help in organizing and executing automated tests efficiently.

• Test scripts: Actual test cases written in a programming language like Java or Python.

• Test data: Input data required for executing the test cases.

• Test environment: Configuration settings for executing tests on different platforms.

• Reporting: Generation of test reports to analyze test results.

• Logging: Recording of events and activities during test execu...read more

Best practices in test automation include proper planning, maintenance, collaboration, and continuous improvement.

• Create a solid test automation strategy before starting automation efforts.

• Use version control to manage test scripts and ensure traceability.

• Regularly review and update test scripts to maintain relevance and accuracy.

• Collaborate with developers and other team members to align automation efforts with development cycles.

• Implement continuous integration to run autom...read more

Top-level directories in Redux should be structured based on functionality and feature modules.

• Separate directories for actions, reducers, and components

• Group related functionality together in separate directories

• Use feature modules to encapsulate related actions, reducers, and components

• Example: 'actions', 'reducers', 'components', 'utils', 'constants'

CMMI is a process improvement model. Sweep account is a bank account. Marginal cost is the cost of producing one additional unit. Expense is a cost incurred in the normal course of business. Expenditure is a payment made for goods or services.

• CMMI stands for Capability Maturity Model Integration and is a process improvement model used in software development.

• Sweep account is a bank account that automatically transfers funds from a checking account to an interest-earning accou...read more

I would use various coding approaches in Pega based on different scenarios and business requirements.

• Analyze the business requirements thoroughly before starting the development process

• Leverage Pega's built-in features and functionalities to minimize custom coding

• Use decision tables and decision trees for complex business logic

• Implement reusable components and frameworks to ensure scalability and maintainability

• Follow best practices and design patterns recommended by Pega for...read more

Analytics is using data to find patterns and insights that help make better decisions.

• Analytics is like solving a puzzle with data

• It helps us understand what happened, why it happened, and what might happen in the future

• For example, it can help a business figure out which products are selling well and why

• Or it can help a doctor predict which patients are at risk for certain diseases

• It's like having a crystal ball that helps us make smarter choices

Limited review is a review of financial statements, less in scope than a full audit. Statutory audit is a comprehensive audit of financial statements.

• Limited review is a less extensive review of financial statements than a full audit.

• It provides a moderate level of assurance on the financial statements.

• Statutory audit is a comprehensive audit of financial statements that provides a high level of assurance.

• Statutory audit is mandatory for certain companies, while limited revie...read more

Use a connected lookup to obtain more than 1 return value in an unconnected lookup

• Use a connected lookup transformation to retrieve multiple values based on a common key

• Join the output of the connected lookup with the main pipeline using a joiner transformation

• Configure the connected lookup to return multiple rows for a single input key

Class components are ES6 classes that extend from React.Component and have access to state and lifecycle methods, while functional components are simple functions that take props as arguments and return JSX.

• Class components are defined using ES6 classes and extend from React.Component

• Functional components are simple functions that take props as arguments and return JSX

• Class components have access to state and lifecycle methods, while functional components do not

• Functional com...read more

Stateless components do not have internal state, while stateful components have internal state.

• Stateless components are functional components that do not have internal state.

• Stateful components are class components that have internal state.

• Stateless components are simpler and easier to test.

• Stateful components are more complex and can hold and update internal state.

• Example: Stateless component - const Button = () => <button>Click me</button>

• Example: Stateful component - class...read more

mapStateToProps() is used to access the Redux state in a component, while mapDispatchToProps() is used to dispatch actions to update the state.

• mapStateToProps() is used to access the Redux state and return data as props for a component.

• mapDispatchToProps() is used to dispatch actions to update the Redux state.

• mapStateToProps() is a function that takes the current state as an argument and returns an object with props that will be passed to the component.

• mapDispatchToProps() is...read more

JUnit annotations like @Before, @Test, @After are used in Selenium for setup, execution, and teardown of test cases.

• Annotations like @Before are used to set up preconditions before each test method is executed.

• Annotations like @Test are used to mark a method as a test method.

• Annotations like @After are used to clean up after each test method is executed.

• Annotations like @BeforeClass and @AfterClass are used for setup and teardown tasks that need to be performed once for the e...read more

An interface in OOP is a blueprint of a class that defines a set of methods without implementation.

• Interfaces in Java are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance.

• All methods in an interface are abstract by default and do not have a body.

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one class.

• Example: interface Shape { void draw(); }

• Example: class Circle implements Shape { public void draw() { // implementation } }

The @RestController annotation in Spring Boot is used to define a class as a RESTful controller.

• Used to create RESTful web services in Spring Boot

• Combines @Controller and @ResponseBody annotations

• Eliminates the need to annotate every method with @ResponseBody

The @SpringBootApplication annotation is used to mark a class as a Spring Boot application and enables auto-configuration and component scanning.

• 1. Enables auto-configuration by scanning the classpath for specific types and configuring beans based on their presence.

• 2. Enables component scanning to automatically discover and register Spring components such as @Component, @Service, @Repository, and @Controller.

• 3. Combines @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @Component...read more

Hibernate provides several concurrency strategies like optimistic locking, pessimistic locking, and versioning.

• Optimistic locking: Allows multiple transactions to read and write to the database without locking the data. It checks for concurrent modifications before committing the transaction.

• Pessimistic locking: Locks the data to prevent other transactions from accessing or modifying it until the lock is released.

• Versioning: Uses a version number to track changes to an entity...read more

N+1 SELECT problem in Hibernate occurs when a query results in N+1 additional queries being executed.

• Occurs when a query fetches a collection of entities and then for each entity, an additional query is executed to fetch related entities

• Can be resolved by using fetch joins or batch fetching to fetch all related entities in a single query

• Example: Fetching a list of orders and then for each order, fetching the customer information separately

Microservice Architecture is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services.

• Each service is self-contained and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.

• Services communicate with each other over a network, typically using HTTP/REST or messaging protocols.

• Microservices allow for better scalability, flexibility, and resilience compared to monolithic architectures.

• Examples of companies using microservices include Netf...read more

Spring Cloud addresses issues related to distributed systems and microservices architecture.

• Service discovery and registration

• Load balancing

• Circuit breakers

• Distributed configuration management

• Routing and gateway

• Monitoring and tracing

To check cash & bank balance more than 30 in nos., use bank statements & cash receipts.

• Check bank statements for balances over 30

• Review cash receipts for amounts over 30

• Add up all balances and receipts to get total balance

Autowiring in Spring Boot is a way to automatically inject dependencies into a Spring bean.

• Autowiring is a feature in Spring that allows the container to automatically inject the dependencies of a bean.

• There are different modes of autowiring in Spring: 'byName', 'byType', 'constructor', 'autodetect', and 'no'.

• For example, in 'byName' autowiring, Spring looks for a bean with the same name as the property being autowired.

The stages involved in the Loan Lifecycle include application, underwriting, approval, funding, and repayment.

• Application: Borrower submits loan application with necessary documents.

• Underwriting: Lender evaluates borrower's creditworthiness and risk.

• Approval: Lender approves the loan based on underwriting results.

• Funding: Loan amount is disbursed to the borrower.

• Repayment: Borrower makes regular payments to repay the loan.

There are two main sets of accounting rules: GAAP and IFRS.

• Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are used in the United States.

• International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are used in many other countries.

• GAAP and IFRS have some differences in their rules and guidelines.

• There are also industry-specific accounting rules, such as those for healthcare or real estate.

• Overall, there is no set number of accounting rules as they can vary depending on the context.

GAAP stands for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and is a set of accounting standards used in the US.

• GAAP is a set of guidelines for financial reporting that ensures consistency and transparency in financial statements.

• It includes principles for revenue recognition, expense recognition, and asset valuation.

• Examples of GAAP include the matching principle, which requires expenses to be recognized in the same period as the revenue they helped generate, and the going conc...read more

Selenium is a testing framework for web applications, while Cucumber is a tool for behavior-driven development.

• Selenium is a testing framework used for automating web applications, while Cucumber is a tool for behavior-driven development (BDD).

• Selenium supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, etc., while Cucumber uses Gherkin syntax for writing test cases.

• Selenium focuses on automating the testing process, while Cucumber focuses on collaboration between deve...read more

BDD is a software development approach that encourages collaboration between developers, testers, and business stakeholders.

• BDD focuses on defining the behavior of a system through examples in plain text

• Uses a common language (like Gherkin syntax) to describe the expected behavior

• Tests are written in a way that they can be easily understood by non-technical stakeholders

• Promotes communication and collaboration between different team members

slice() returns a shallow copy of a portion of an array without modifying the original array, while splice() changes the contents of an array by removing or replacing existing elements.

• slice() does not modify the original array, while splice() does

• slice() returns a new array, while splice() returns the removed elements

• slice() takes start and end index as arguments, while splice() takes start index, number of elements to remove, and optional elements to add as arguments

• Example...read more

Depreciation is the decrease in value of an asset over time due to wear and tear, obsolescence, or other factors.

• Depreciation is a method used to allocate the cost of an asset over its useful life.

• It is calculated by subtracting the asset's salvage value from its initial cost and dividing it by the asset's useful life.

• There are different methods of calculating depreciation, such as straight-line, declining balance, and units of production.

• Straight-line depreciation evenly dis...read more

Answering questions on call and put options, bond sensitivities, yield curve, etc. for Senior Consultant role.

• Delta measures the change in option price due to a change in the underlying asset price

• Gamma measures the change in delta due to a change in the underlying asset price

• Bond sensitivities include duration and convexity

• Yield curve shows the relationship between bond yields and maturities

• Call options give the holder the right to buy an underlying asset at a specified pric...read more

Audit of procurement function involves reviewing procurement policies, procedures, contracts, and vendor management.

• Review procurement policies and procedures to ensure compliance with regulations and best practices

• Examine contracts to ensure they are properly executed and contain necessary provisions

• Evaluate vendor management practices to ensure proper due diligence and risk management

• Assess procurement performance metrics to identify areas for improvement

• Conduct interviews ...read more

To check if each FA is located severely, follow the FAR procedures.

• Refer to FAR Part 45 for definitions and identification of FAs

• Check the records of each FA to determine its location

• Ensure that the location of each FA is compliant with applicable regulations

• If any FA is found to be located severely, take appropriate corrective action

Mean is the average of a set of numbers, median is the middle value, and mode is the most frequently occurring value.

• Mean is calculated by adding up all the numbers in a set and dividing by the total number of values.

• Median is the middle value in a set of numbers when they are arranged in order.

• Mode is the value that appears most frequently in a set of numbers.

• I have a strong understanding of statistical concepts and can apply them to real-world scenarios.

• For example, if we h...read more

interrupted() checks if the current thread has been interrupted, while isInterrupted() checks if a thread has been interrupted.

• interrupted() is a static method in the Thread class, while isInterrupted() is an instance method.

• interrupted() clears the interrupted status of the current thread, while isInterrupted() does not.

• Example: Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); System.out.println(Thread.interrupted()); // prints true

• Example: Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); System.out....read more

Promises in JavaScript represent the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• Promises are objects that represent the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• They have three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.

• A pending promise is one that is not yet settled, a fulfilled promise is one that has been resolved successfully, and a rejected promise is one that has encountered an error.

• Promises are commonly used for handling asynchronous ...read more

EBITDA and FCF are important financial metrics for credit analysis. FCF can be derived from EBITDA by adjusting for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital.

• EBITDA measures a company's operating performance before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

• FCF measures the cash generated by a company's operations that is available for distribution to investors.

• To derive FCF from EBITDA, you need to adjust for non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortizatio...read more

Oligopoly is a market structure where a few large firms dominate the market.

• The firms in an oligopoly have significant market power.

• They can influence the price and output in the market.

• The demand curve for an oligopoly is kinked due to the interdependence of firms.

• The kinked demand curve shows that firms will match price cuts but not price increases.

• Examples of oligopolies include the automobile industry and the soft drink industry.

The PySpark query to find the sum and average using Spark DataFrames.

• Use the `groupBy` method to group the data by a specific column

• Use the `agg` method to apply aggregate functions like `sum` and `avg`

• Specify the column(s) to perform the aggregation on

Calculate angle between minute hand and hour hand of a clock at a given period of time

• Calculate the angle between the two hands using the formula: |(30H - 11/2M)|

• Where H is the hour and M is the minute

• Take the absolute value of the result

• If the result is greater than 180, subtract it from 360 to get the acute angle

Analyzing a company's financial statements involves examining its income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement to evaluate its financial health.

• Start by examining the income statement to understand the company's revenue, expenses, and profitability.

• Next, review the balance sheet to assess the company's assets, liabilities, and equity.

• Finally, analyze the cash flow statement to evaluate the company's cash inflows and outflows.

• Look for trends and patterns in the fin...read more

Lambda expressions are a feature introduced in Java 8 to provide a concise way to represent anonymous functions.

• Lambda expressions are used to provide implementation of a functional interface.

• They enable you to treat functionality as a method argument, or code as data.

• Syntax of lambda expressions is (argument) -> (body).

• Example: (int a, int b) -> a + b

Automating CAPTCHA testing involves using third-party services or implementing custom solutions.

• Use third-party services like 2Captcha or Anti-Captcha to solve CAPTCHAs programmatically.

• Implement custom solutions using image recognition libraries like OpenCV to identify and solve CAPTCHAs.

• Integrate CAPTCHA solving functionality into your Selenium automation scripts for seamless testing.

Selenium has four main components: Selenium IDE, Selenium WebDriver, Selenium Grid, and Selenium RC.

• Selenium IDE: Record and playback tool for creating test cases.

• Selenium WebDriver: Automation tool for writing test scripts in various programming languages.

• Selenium Grid: Tool for running tests on multiple machines in parallel.

• Selenium RC (Remote Control): Deprecated component for running tests on different browsers.

Use the built-in sort() method to sort an array of integers in JavaScript.

• Use the sort() method with a compare function to sort the array in ascending order.

• For descending order, modify the compare function to return b - a instead of a - b.

• Example: const numbers = [4, 2, 5, 1, 3]; numbers.sort((a, b) => a - b);

Live dashboards can be created in Power BI by connecting to real-time data sources and using features like streaming datasets and push datasets.

• Connect to real-time data sources such as Azure Stream Analytics, Azure Event Hubs, or Power Automate

• Create streaming datasets to continuously update data in real-time

• Use push datasets to push data from external sources to Power BI

• Design visualizations and add them to a dashboard

• Set up automatic data refresh intervals for real-time up...read more

Implemented automations in financial reporting project to streamline processes and improve accuracy.

• Developed automated templates for financial statements

• Utilized software to automatically generate reports based on predefined criteria

• Implemented data integration tools to streamline data collection and analysis

• Set up automated alerts for discrepancies or anomalies in financial data

I have worked on a variety of projects including process improvement, system implementation, and organizational restructuring.

• Implemented a new CRM system to streamline customer interactions

• Led a team in restructuring department workflows to increase efficiency

• Developed and implemented training programs for new software rollouts

• Worked on process improvement projects to reduce waste and increase productivity