D.B ENGINEERING Devops Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. 1) tuble and list
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started with some basic questions from DevOps followed by some more questions from Docker and Linux.

Q1. What is Continuous Testing (CT)?
Ans. 
Continuous Testing (CT) is the process of executing automated tests as part of the software delivery pipeline to obtain immediate feedback on the business risks associated with a software release candidate.
• CT helps in identifying defects early in the development cycle.

• It ensures that the software is always in a releasable state.

• CT integrates testing into the CI/CD pipeline for faster feedback loops.

• Examples include run...read more
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Q2. How does AWS contribute to DevOps?
Ans. 
AWS provides a wide range of services and tools that support the principles and practices of DevOps.
• AWS offers infrastructure as code tools like CloudFormation and Terraform for automating the provisioning of resources.

• AWS provides a variety of monitoring and logging services such as CloudWatch and CloudTrail to help with continuous monitoring and feedback loops.

• AWS supports continuous integration and continuous deploy...read more
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Q3. What is a Docker image registry?
Ans. 
A Docker image registry is a repository for storing and managing Docker images.
• It allows users to push and pull Docker images to and from the registry.

• Popular Docker image registries include Docker Hub, Amazon ECR, and Google Container Registry.

• Registries can be public or private, with private registries requiring authentication for access.
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Q4. How many components are there in Docker?
Ans. 
Docker has 3 main components: Docker Engine, Docker Images, and Docker Containers.
• Docker Engine is the core component responsible for running and managing Docker containers.

• Docker Images are read-only templates used to create Docker containers.

• Docker Containers are lightweight, standalone, and executable packages that include everything needed to run a piece of software.
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Q5. Can you describe the lifecycle of a Docker container?
Ans. 
The lifecycle of a Docker container involves creation, running, pausing, restarting, and stopping.
• 1. Creation: A Docker container is created from a Docker image using the 'docker run' command.

• 2. Running: The container is started and runs the specified application or service.

• 3. Pausing: The container can be paused using the 'docker pause' command, which temporarily stops its processes.

• 4. Restarting: The container can be...read more
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Q6. What is LVM and why is it required?
Ans. 
LVM stands for Logical Volume Manager, used to manage disk space efficiently by allowing for dynamic resizing of volumes.
• LVM allows for easy resizing of volumes without the need to unmount the filesystem

• It provides features like snapshots, striping, mirroring, and thin provisioning

• LVM can span multiple physical disks to create a single logical volume
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Q7. What is load average in Linux?
Ans. 
Load average in Linux is a measure of system activity, indicating the average number of processes waiting for CPU time over a period of time.
• Load average is displayed as three numbers representing the average load over the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes.

• A load average of 1.0 means the system is at full capacity, while a load average of 0.5 means the system is half as busy.

• High load averages may indicate that the system is o...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started with me first giving a brief intro about my experience in the DevOps sector and then the interviewer switched to asking me questions about Git , Docker and Kubernetes.

Q1. What is the command used to delete a branch in Git?
Ans. 
The command used to delete a branch in Git is 'git branch -d <branch_name>'.
• Use 'git branch -d <branch_name>' to delete a branch in Git.

• Make sure to switch to a different branch before deleting the branch.

• If the branch has not been merged, use 'git branch -D <branch_name>' to force delete.
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Q2. What do you know about git reflog?
Ans. 
Git reflog is a reference log that records changes to the HEAD of the repository.
• Records all changes to the HEAD reference

• Useful for recovering lost commits or branches

• Can be accessed using 'git reflog' command
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Q3. What is the difference between git revert and git reset?
Ans. 
git revert undoes a specific commit by creating a new commit, while git reset moves the HEAD to a previous commit without creating a new commit.
• git revert creates a new commit that undoes a specific commit, keeping the commit history intact

• git reset moves the HEAD to a previous commit, potentially discarding changes made after that commit

• git revert is safer for shared branches as it does not rewrite history, while git ...read more
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Q4. Can you explain the difference between CMD and ENTRYPOINT in Docker?
Ans. 
CMD specifies the default command to run in the container, while ENTRYPOINT specifies the executable to run when the container starts.
• CMD is often used to provide default arguments for the ENTRYPOINT command

• ENTRYPOINT is used to specify the executable that will run when the container starts

• CMD can be overridden at runtime by passing arguments to docker run command

• ENTRYPOINT cannot be overridden at runtime, but can be c
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Q5. How can you monitor a Kubernetes cluster?
Ans. 
Monitoring a Kubernetes cluster involves using tools like Prometheus, Grafana, and Kubernetes Dashboard.
• Use Prometheus for collecting metrics from Kubernetes components and applications running on the cluster.

• Set up Grafana for visualizing the collected metrics and creating dashboards for monitoring.

• Utilize Kubernetes Dashboard for a graphical interface to view and manage the cluster resources.

• Implement alerts and noti...read more
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Q6. What is Kubernetes Load Balancing?
Ans. 
Kubernetes Load Balancing is a method to distribute incoming network traffic across multiple pods in a Kubernetes cluster.
• Kubernetes Load Balancer service type automatically creates a cloud provider load balancer.

• It helps in scaling applications by distributing traffic evenly across multiple pods.

• Load balancing ensures high availability and reliability of applications running in a Kubernetes cluster.
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Q7. Can you explain the architecture of Jenkins?
Ans. 
Jenkins is an open-source automation server that helps to automate the non-human part of the software development process.
• Jenkins is a Java-based application that runs in a servlet container like Apache Tomcat.

• It can be installed on a single server or distributed across multiple servers for scalability.

• Jenkins uses plugins to extend its functionality, allowing integration with various tools and technologies.

• It follows ...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a typical HR round with some standard Behavioral questions.

Q1. Can you tell me something about yourself?
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Q2. Why should we hire you?
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started with some questions from Programmable Logic Controllers or PLC followed by some basic questions from Intel 8051 Microcontroller.

Q1. What are the general functions of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)?
Ans. 
PLCs are used to control machinery and automate processes in industrial settings.
• Monitoring inputs from sensors

• Executing control algorithms

• Communicating with other devices

• Logging data for analysis

• Implementing safety functions

• Examples: controlling a conveyor belt, regulating temperature in a furnace
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Q2. Can you describe the basic elements in Ladder logic programming?
Ans. 
Ladder logic programming is a graphical programming language used for PLCs, with basic elements like contacts, coils, timers, and counters.
• Ladder logic consists of rungs, which are made up of inputs (contacts) and outputs (coils).

• Contacts represent conditions that must be met for the output to be energized.

• Coils are outputs that are energized when the conditions of the contacts are met.

• Timers and counters are used to c...read more
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Q3. What are the different types of PLC inputs and outputs?
Ans. 
PLC inputs and outputs include digital inputs, digital outputs, analog inputs, and analog outputs.
• Digital inputs: used for receiving binary signals (on/off, high/low). Examples: push buttons, limit switches.

• Digital outputs: used for sending binary signals. Examples: relays, solenoids.

• Analog inputs: used for receiving continuous signals. Examples: temperature sensors, pressure transducers.

• Analog outputs: used for sendin...read more
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Q4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the S7 controller?
Ans. 
The S7 controller offers high performance and flexibility but can be complex to program and expensive.
• Advantages: high performance, flexibility, scalability

• Disadvantages: complexity in programming, expensive

• Example: S7-1200 offers fast processing speeds and can be easily expanded with additional modules

• Example: Programming for S7 controllers may require specialized training and expertise
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Q5. Can you explain the time stamp available in the S7-200 PLC?
Ans. 
The time stamp in S7-200 PLC is used to record the time when a specific event occurs.
• Time stamp is a feature in S7-200 PLC that records the time when a specific event happens.

• It helps in tracking the sequence of events and troubleshooting issues.

• Time stamp can be used to monitor the performance of the PLC system.

• Example: A time stamp can be recorded when a sensor detects a change in temperature.

• Example: Time stamp can ...read more
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Q6. Could you explain Jnc in the context of microcontrollers?
Ans. 
Jnc stands for Jump and Call in the context of microcontrollers.
• Jnc is an instruction used in microcontrollers to jump to a specified address if the carry flag is not set.

• It is commonly used in conditional branching operations in microcontroller programming.

• For example, in 8051 microcontroller assembly language, the instruction JNC label will jump to the specified label if the carry flag is not set.
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Q7. What are the types of interrupts in the Intel 8051 microcontroller?
Ans. 
The types of interrupts in the Intel 8051 microcontroller include external hardware interrupts, timer interrupts, and serial communication interrupts.
• External hardware interrupts are triggered by external devices connected to the microcontroller.

• Timer interrupts are generated by the internal timers of the microcontroller.

• Serial communication interrupts occur when data is received or transmitted through the serial port.

• ...read more
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Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round was heavily inclined towards Operating System and Computer Networks and the interviewer asked questions revolving around the fundamentals of the subject.

Q1. What is a bootstrap program in an operating system?
Ans. 
A bootstrap program is a small program that initializes the operating system on a computer.
• Bootstrap program is stored in ROM or EEPROM and is executed when the computer is powered on.

• It loads the operating system kernel into memory and starts its execution.

• Bootstrap program is responsible for setting up the initial state of the operating system.

• Examples include BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in PCs and UEFI (Unified
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Q2. Can you explain demand paging?
Ans. 
Demand paging is a memory management scheme where pages are only brought into memory when they are demanded by the program.
• Pages are loaded into memory only when needed

• Helps in reducing the amount of physical memory required

• Improves overall system performance by allowing more processes to run simultaneously

• Commonly used in virtual memory systems
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Q3. Can you explain any 5 essential UNIX commands?
Ans. 
Five essential UNIX commands are ls, cd, pwd, mkdir, and rm.
• ls - list directory contents

• cd - change directory

• pwd - print working directory

• mkdir - make directory

• rm - remove files or directories
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Q4. What are the different types of VPN?
Ans. 
Different types of VPN include remote access VPN, site-to-site VPN, and client-to-site VPN.
• Remote access VPN allows individual users to connect to a private network from a remote location.

• Site-to-site VPN connects entire networks together over the internet.

• Client-to-site VPN allows individual devices to connect to a private network.

• Examples include OpenVPN, IPsec, and SSL VPN.
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Q5. Can you describe the OSI Reference Model?
Ans. 
The OSI Reference Model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.
• The OSI Reference Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model.

• It consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has specific functions and communicates with the adjacent layers for data trans...read more
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Q6. Can you explain the TCP and UDP protocols?
Ans. 
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data delivery, while UDP is a connectionless protocol that focuses on speed.
• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and is used for reliable data transmission.

• TCP establishes a connection between sender and receiver before data transfer.

• TCP uses sequencing and acknowledgment to ensure data integrity.

• UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol and is used for fa...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This is a cultural fitment testing round .HR was very frank and asked standard questions. Then we discussed about my
role.

Q1. What is something about you that is not included in your resume?
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Q1. Depends on experience
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Q2. Related to systematic approach
Ans. Problem solving tools, OEE, FPY, Root cause analysis. 14Q, 5S
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