Capgemini Associate Data Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Explain ETL pipeline ecosystem in Azure Databricks?
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Q2. Star vs Snowflake schema, when to use?
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Q3. Find Salary higher than Average department salary
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Q4. Implementation of SCD2 table
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Q5. How incremental loading is done
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Q1. Can you introduce yourself and describe your current project experience?
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I am a Senior Data Engineer with experience in building scalable data pipelines and optimizing data processing workflows.
• Experience in designing and implementing ETL processes using tools like Apache Spark and Airflow

• Proficient in working with large datasets and optimizing query performance

• Strong background in data modeling and database design

• Worked on projects involving real-time data processing and streaming analytic
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Q2. Decorators in python
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Decorators in Python are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods.
• Decorators are defined using the @decorator_name syntax before a function definition.

• They can be used to add functionality to existing functions without modifying their code.

• Decorators can be used for logging, timing, authentication, and more.

• Example: @staticmethod decorator in Python is used to define a static method in a class.
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Q3. What is the SQL query to group by employee ID in order to combine the first name and last name with a space?
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SQL query to group by employee ID and combine first name and last name with a space
• Use the GROUP BY clause to group by employee ID

• Use the CONCAT function to combine first name and last name with a space

• Select employee ID, CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) AS full_name
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Q4. What are constructors in Python?
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Constructors in Python are special methods used for initializing objects. They are called automatically when a new instance of a class is created.
• Constructors are defined using the __init__() method in a class.

• They are used to initialize instance variables of a class.

• Example: class Person: def __init__(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age person1 = Person('Alice', 30)
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Q5. Indexing in sql
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Indexing in SQL is a technique used to improve the performance of queries by creating a data structure that allows for faster retrieval of data.
• Indexes are created on columns in a database table to speed up the retrieval of rows that match a certain condition in a WHERE clause.

• Indexes can be created using CREATE INDEX statement in SQL.

• Types of indexes include clustered indexes, non-clustered indexes, unique indexes, an...read more
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Q6. Why spark works well with parquet files?
Ans. 
Spark works well with Parquet files due to its columnar storage format, efficient compression, and ability to push down filters.
• Parquet files are columnar storage format, which aligns well with Spark's processing model of working on columns rather than rows.

• Parquet files support efficient compression, reducing storage space and improving read performance in Spark.

• Spark can push down filters to Parquet files, allowing f...read more
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Q1. What are different type of joins available in Databricks?
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Different types of joins available in Databricks include inner join, outer join, left join, right join, and cross join.
• Inner join: Returns only the rows that have matching values in both tables.

• Outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in either table.

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows ...read more
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Q2. How do you make your data pipeline fault tolerant?
Ans. 
Implementing fault tolerance in a data pipeline involves redundancy, monitoring, and error handling.
• Use redundant components to ensure continuous data flow

• Implement monitoring tools to detect failures and bottlenecks

• Set up automated alerts for immediate response to issues

• Design error handling mechanisms to gracefully handle failures

• Use checkpoints and retries to ensure data integrity
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Q3. What is AutoLoader?
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AutoLoader is a feature in data engineering that automatically loads data from various sources into a data warehouse or database.
• Automates the process of loading data from different sources

• Reduces manual effort and human error

• Can be scheduled to run at specific intervals

• Examples: Apache Nifi, AWS Glue
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Q1. How do you connect to different services in Azure?
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To connect to different services in Azure, you can use Azure SDKs, REST APIs, Azure Portal, Azure CLI, and Azure PowerShell.
• Use Azure SDKs for programming languages like Python, Java, C#, etc.

• Utilize REST APIs to interact with Azure services programmatically.

• Access and manage services through the Azure Portal.

• Leverage Azure CLI for command-line interface interactions.

• Automate tasks using Azure PowerShell scripts.
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Q2. What are linked Services?
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Linked Services are connections to external data sources or destinations in Azure Data Factory.
• Linked Services define the connection information needed to connect to external data sources or destinations.

• They can be used in Data Factory pipelines to read from or write to external systems.

• Examples of Linked Services include Azure Blob Storage, Azure SQL Database, and Amazon S3.
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Q1. Can you provide an overview of your background, including your past experiences and daily activities, as well as the tools you use in your routine?
Ans. 
I have a background in data analysis with experience in using tools like Python, SQL, and Tableau.
• I have a degree in Statistics and have worked as a Data Analyst for 3 years.

• My daily activities include cleaning and analyzing data, creating visualizations, and presenting insights to stakeholders.

• I use Python for data manipulation and analysis, SQL for querying databases, and Tableau for creating interactive dashboards.

• I...read more
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Q2. What are the concepts of advanced Excel and Power BI projects, and how are they utilized within a company or for clients?
Ans. 
Advanced Excel and Power BI are tools used for data analysis and visualization in companies and for clients.
• Advanced Excel allows for complex data manipulation, analysis, and visualization using features like pivot tables, macros, and VBA programming.

• Power BI is a business analytics tool that provides interactive visualizations and business intelligence capabilities, connecting to various data sources.

• These tools are u...read more
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Q1. Can you explain your project experience related to Advanced Excel and Power BI?
Ans. 
I have extensive experience in using Advanced Excel and Power BI for data analysis projects.
• Created complex formulas and macros in Excel to automate data processing tasks

• Designed interactive dashboards in Power BI to visualize and analyze data trends

• Integrated data from multiple sources into Power BI for comprehensive analysis

• Used Power Query and Power Pivot in Excel to manipulate and analyze large datasets

• Provided dat...read more
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Q2. What are the concepts of credit and operations, particularly in relation to Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures and the privacy of client data?
Ans. 
Credit and operations concepts in relation to KYC procedures and client data privacy.
• Credit refers to the extension of money or resources to a client based on their financial history and ability to repay.

• Operations involve the day-to-day processes and procedures within a financial institution to ensure smooth functioning.

• KYC procedures are used to verify the identity of clients to prevent fraud and money laundering.

• Pri...read more
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