Callaway Golf Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

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Q1. What is async/await
Ans. 
Async/await is a feature in programming that allows asynchronous code to be written in a synchronous manner.
• Async/await is a way to write asynchronous code in a more synchronous style.

• It is used in languages like JavaScript to handle asynchronous operations.

• Async functions return a Promise, which allows them to be awaited.

• Await keyword is used to pause the execution of an async function until a Promise is settled.
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Q2. Implement CI/CD
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Implementing CI/CD involves automating the process of integrating code changes and deploying them to production.
• Set up a version control system like Git to track changes

• Use a continuous integration tool like Jenkins to automatically build and test code

• Implement automated testing to ensure code quality

• Use a continuous deployment tool like Ansible or Docker to deploy code changes

• Integrate monitoring and alerting to track
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Q1. Technical Interview + Coding
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Q1. Technical Interview
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Basic logical pogrmaminh

Smaall cart mabnagenebt system i have to built from scratch in laravel

Q1. Technical question about technologies
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Q2. Negaotiation ha done in this
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Q1. Previous role related technical questions
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Q1. Same as round 1 from onsite team
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Q1. General HR questions
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round had 1 very simple coding problem followed by some questions from Java and Spring.

Q1. Excel Column Number
You have been given a column title as appears in an Excel sheet, return its corresponding column number.
For example:
A -> 1
B -> 2
C -> 3
...
Z -> 26
AA -> 27
AB ->...read more
Ans. 
Approach :

The process is very much similar to binary to decimal conversion. In this case, the base of the given system is to be taken as 26. Also, in this system 1 is represented as ‘A’, 2 is represented as ‘B’ and so on till 26 is represented as ‘Z’

For example-
CDA can be converted as 3*26*26 + 4*26 + 1
= 26(3*26 + 4) + 1
= 26(0*26 + 3*26 + 4) + 1

AB can be converted as 1*26 + 2

TC : O(N), where N = length of the input str
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Q2. Java Question
What is the lambda expression in Java and How does a lambda expression relate to a functional interface?
Ans. 
Lambda expression is a type of function without a name. It may or may not have results and parameters. It is known as an anonymous function as it does not have type information by itself. It is executed on-demand. It is beneficial in iterating, filtering, and extracting data from a collection.


As lambda expressions are similar to anonymous functions, they can only be applied to the single abstract method of Functional I...read more
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Q3. Java Question
What are Java 8 streams?
Ans. 
A stream is an abstraction to express data processing queries in a declarative way.

A Stream, which represents a sequence of data objects & series of operations on that data is a data pipeline that is not related to Java I/O Streams does not hold any data permanently.
The key interface is "java.util.stream.Stream" . It accepts Functional Interfaces so that lambdas can be passed. Streams support a fluent interface or
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Q4. Spring Boot Question
What do you understand by auto wiring and name the different modes of it?
Ans. 
The Spring container is able to autowire relationships between the collaborating beans. That is, it is possible to let Spring resolve collaborators for your bean automatically by inspecting the contents of the BeanFactory.

Different modes of bean auto-wiring are : 

1) no : This is default setting which means no autowiring. Explicit bean reference should be used for wiring.

2) byName : It injects the object dependency...read more
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Q5. Spring Boot Question
What does the @SpringBootApplication annotation do internally?
Ans. 
The @SpringBootApplication annotation is equivalent to using @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan with their default attributes. Spring Boot enables the developer to use a single annotation instead of using multiple. But, as we know, Spring provided loosely coupled features that we can use for each annotation as per our project needs.
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Q6. Spring Boot Question
What Are the Basic Annotations that Spring Boot Offers?
Ans. 
The primary annotations that Spring Boot offers reside in its "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure" and its sub-packages. Here are a couple of basic ones :

@EnableAutoConfiguration – to make Spring Boot look for auto-configuration beans on its classpath and automatically apply them.

@SpringBootApplication – used to denote the main class of a Boot Application. This annotation combines @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfigu...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round focused more on Multithreading concepts from Java and also some core concepts from OOPS.

Q1. Java Question
What is Thread in Java?
Ans. 
Threads are basically the lightweight and smallest unit of processing that can be managed independently by a scheduler. Threads are referred to as parts of a process that simply let a program execute efficiently with other parts or threads of the process at the same time. Using threads, one can perform complicated tasks in the easiest way. It is considered the simplest way to take advantage of multiple CPUs available i...read more
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Q2. Java Question
What is the start() and run() method of Thread class?
Ans. 
start() : In simple words, the start() method is used to start or begin the execution of a newly created thread. When the start() method is called, a new thread is created and this newly created thread executes the task that is kept in the run() method. One can call the start() method only once.


run() : In simple words, the run() method is used to start or begin the execution of the same thread. When the run() method is...read more
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Q3. Java Question
Differentiate between the Thread class and Runnable interface for creating a Thread?
Ans. 
The Thread can be created by using two ways : 

1) By extending the Thread class
2) By implementing the Runnable interface

However, the primary differences between both the ways are given below :

1) By extending the Thread class, we cannot extend any other class, as Java does not allow multiple inheritances while implementing the Runnable interface; we can also extend other base class(if required).

2) By extending the T...read more
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Q4. OOPS Question
Difference between Abstract class and Interface.
Ans. 
The differences between Abstract Class and Interface are as follows :

Abstract Class :

1) Abstract classes have a default constructor and it is called whenever the concrete subclass is instantiated.

2) It contains Abstract methods as well as Non-Abstract methods.

3) The class which extends the Abstract class shouldn’t require the implementation of all the methods, only Abstract methods need to be implemented in the concret...read more
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Q5. OOPS Question
What is Garbage collector in JAVA?
Ans. 
1) Garbage Collection in Java is a process by which the programs perform memory management automatically.

2) The Garbage Collector(GC) finds the unused objects and deletes them to reclaim the memory. 

3) In Java, dynamic memory allocation of objects is achieved using the new operator that uses some memory and the memory remains allocated until there are references for the use of the object.

4) When there are no refer...read more
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Q6. OOPS Question
Explain SOLID principles in Object Oriented Design.
Ans. 
The SOLID principle is an acronym of the five principles which is given below :

1) Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
2) Open/Closed Principle
3) Liskov’s Substitution Principle (LSP)
4) Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
5) Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)


Uses of SOLID design principles :

1) The SOLID principle helps in reducing tight coupling.

2) Tight coupling means a group of classes are highly dependent on one ...read more
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This was a System Design Round where I was asked a LLD question to design a URL Shortener followed by a very standard question of LRU Cache. Overall this round went well and the interviewer was also quite satisfied by my answers.

Q1. System Design Question
Design a URL Shortener
Ans. 
Tip 1 : Firstly, remember that the system design round is extremely open-ended and there’s no such thing as a standard answer. Even for the same question, you’ll have a totally different discussion with different interviewers.


Tip 2 : Before you jump into the solution always clarify all the assumptions you’re making at the beginning of the interview. Ask questions to identify the scope of the system. This will clear the...read more
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Q2. LRU Cache
Design and implement a data structure for Least Recently Used (LRU) cache to support the following operation...read more
Ans. 
Structure of an LRU Cache :

1) In practice, LRU cache is a kind of Queue — if an element is reaccessed, it goes to the end of the eviction order.

2) This queue will have a specific capacity as the cache has a limited size. Whenever a new element is brought in, it is added at the head of the queue. When eviction happens, it happens from the tail of the queue.

3) Hitting data in the cache must be done in constant time, whic...read more
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Q1. All scenario based questions. Performance optimizaition of an API, Data Structure based questions.
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1 hr, Java questions, SQL question, 1 DSA question

Q1. LLD about Hotel Booking system
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Q1. Discussed about the project
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