70+ Umendra Life Sciences Interview Questions and Answers

The question covers various topics related to software development and testing.

• SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle and is a process followed for software development.

• STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle and is a process followed for software testing.

• Agile is a software development methodology that emphasizes on iterative and incremental development.

• Different types of testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and ...read more

Yes, I have used Python scripts extensively in my testing.

• I have used Python scripts for automated testing of web applications.

• I have also used Python scripts for unit testing of backend code.

• Python's unittest module is particularly useful for this purpose.

• I have also used Python scripts for load testing and performance testing.

• Python's requests library is very helpful for testing APIs.

• I have also used Python scripts for data validation and data integrity testing.

A data lake is a storage repository that holds a vast amount of raw data in its native format, while a fact table contains quantitative data and metrics, and a dimension table contains descriptive attributes related to the facts.

• Data lake is a centralized repository for storing structured and unstructured data at any scale

• Fact table contains quantitative data and metrics for analysis, often related to business processes

• Dimension table contains descriptive attributes related t...read more

Yes, I have knowledge of Hadoop data warehouse.

• I have experience in designing and implementing Hadoop-based data warehouses.

• I am proficient in Hadoop ecosystem technologies such as HDFS, MapReduce, Hive, and Pig.

• I have worked with large-scale data processing and storage using Hadoop.

• I am familiar with data warehousing concepts such as ETL, data modeling, and data integration.

• I have used Hadoop to build data warehouses for various clients in the past.

OOPs concepts are used in my project for creating reusable and modular code.

• I use inheritance to create a base class for common functionalities and then derive specific classes from it.

• Encapsulation is used to hide the internal implementation details of a class and only expose necessary methods and properties.

• Polymorphism allows me to use a single interface to represent different data types or objects.

• Abstraction helps in defining the structure of classes without specifying t...read more

Yes, I managed a CI/CD pipeline in my project.

• Setting up automated testing was a challenge due to compatibility issues.

• Integrating different tools and technologies caused some delays.

• Ensuring smooth deployment across multiple environments required careful planning.

Yield to Maturity is the total return anticipated on a bond if it is held until it matures.

• Yield to Maturity is the annual rate of return an investor can expect to earn if the bond is held until it matures.

• It takes into account the bond's current market price, par value, coupon interest rate, and time to maturity.

• Yield to Maturity helps investors compare different bonds and make informed investment decisions.

• For example, if a bond has a par value of $1,000, a coupon rate of 5...read more

Consignment and subcontracting are procurement processes. Shopping carts are created to initiate purchases. Purchasing group configuration is done to assign buyers. P2P cycle includes requisition, purchase order, goods receipt, and invoice verification. Classic and extended classic scenarios refer to different integration approaches.

• Consignment is a process where the supplier retains ownership of the goods until they are consumed by the buyer.

• Subcontracting is a process where...read more

Object oriented programming is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent and manipulate data.

• Objects encapsulate data and behavior

• Classes define the blueprint for objects

• Inheritance allows for code reuse and polymorphism

• Examples include Java, C++, and Python

Requirement traceability matrix is a document that links requirements throughout the development process.

• It is used to ensure that all requirements are met and tested.

• It helps in tracking the origin of each requirement and its status.

• It provides a way to verify that all requirements have been addressed in the final product.

• It can be created using tools like Excel or specialized software.

• Example: Requirement ID, Description, Source, Status, Test Cases

HR process flow involves recruitment, onboarding, training, performance management, and offboarding.

• Recruitment involves sourcing candidates, screening resumes, conducting interviews, and making job offers.

• Onboarding includes orientation, paperwork, and introducing new hires to the company culture.

• Training involves providing employees with the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their job duties effectively.

• Performance management includes setting goals, providing feedba...read more

Setting up a CICD pipeline using Jenkins for a Java based application involves configuring Jenkins jobs for building, testing, and deploying the application.

• Install Jenkins and necessary plugins for Java projects

• Create a Jenkins job for building the Java application using Maven or Gradle

• Add a post-build step to run unit tests using tools like JUnit

• Configure Jenkins to trigger the job on code commits to the repository

• Set up deployment steps to deploy the application to servers...read more

When accessing a website, the backend server receives the request, processes it, retrieves data from databases or other sources, and sends a response back to the client.

• Client sends a request to the website's URL

• DNS resolves the domain name to an IP address

• Backend server receives the request and processes it

• Server retrieves data from databases or other sources

• Server generates a response and sends it back to the client

Program to find numbers divisible by 3 in a string and reverse their indexes.

• Iterate through the string and check if each character is a number divisible by 3.

• Store the divisible numbers in an array and reverse their indexes.

• Join the array back into a string and return the result.

Rotate array to the right by n positions

• Create a new array with the same length as input

• Copy elements from input starting at index (n % input.length) to the end to the new array

• Copy elements from input starting at index 0 to (n % input.length - 1) to the new array

To create a React app from scratch, you can use create-react-app command line tool.

• Install create-react-app globally using npm: npm install -g create-react-app

• Create a new React app using create-react-app: create-react-app my-app

• Navigate into the newly created app directory: cd my-app

• Start the development server: npm start

Sonarqube is a static code analysis tool used to detect code smells and bugs in code. It is integrated into CI/CD pipelines for continuous code quality checks.

• Sonarqube is a static code analysis tool that identifies code smells, bugs, and security vulnerabilities in code.

• Code smells are common programming issues that may indicate a deeper problem in the code. Examples include duplicated code, long methods, and complex conditionals.

• Sonarqube can be integrated into CI/CD pipeli...read more

Prioritise vulnerabilities based on severity, exploitability, and potential impact.

• Assess the severity of the vulnerability based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score.

• Consider the exploitability of the vulnerability and the likelihood of it being exploited.

• Evaluate the potential impact of the vulnerability on the system and the organization.

• Prioritise vulnerabilities that are easy to exploit and have a high potential impact.

• Consider the availability of patc...read more

I handle escalations by addressing the issue promptly, involving necessary stakeholders, and providing regular updates.

• Address the issue promptly to prevent further escalation

• Involve necessary stakeholders to gather input and support

• Provide regular updates to all parties involved to ensure transparency and progress

• Implement solutions to prevent similar escalations in the future

I am choosing software testing field because of my passion for ensuring quality and reliability of software products.

• I enjoy finding and reporting bugs to improve software quality

• I have a keen eye for detail and can identify potential issues

• I am interested in learning new technologies and tools to enhance my testing skills

• I believe that software testing is a critical component of the software development lifecycle

• I enjoy working collaboratively with developers and other stake...read more

Hook and background are two different concepts in Selenium.

• A hook is a piece of code that runs before or after a scenario in a test.

• Background is a step that runs before each scenario in a feature file.

• Hooks are used to set up or tear down the test environment.

• Background is used to set up the initial state of the scenario.

• Hooks can be defined at different levels - global, feature, scenario, or step level.

• Background is defined at the feature level.

Fixed bid projects are based on a set budget and scope, while time-based projects are based on hourly rates. Waterfall is a linear approach, while Agile is iterative.

• Fixed bid projects have a set budget and scope, and the team must deliver within those constraints

• Time-based projects are based on hourly rates and the team is paid for the time they work

• Waterfall is a linear approach where each phase must be completed before moving on to the next

• Agile is iterative, with frequent...read more

I have automated approximately 500 test cases.

• I have automated test cases for critical functionalities to ensure robustness.

• I have automated regression test cases to save time and effort during testing.

• I have automated boundary test cases to ensure the system handles extreme scenarios.

• I have automated negative test cases to validate error handling.

• I have automated performance test cases to assess system response under load.

• Example: Automated login test cases, data validation ...read more

Processes are independent instances of a program, while threads are lightweight units within a process sharing resources.

• Processes have their own memory space, while threads share the same memory space within a process.

• Processes are heavier to create and manage compared to threads.

• Threads within a process can communicate more easily and efficiently compared to processes.

• Example: In a web server, each client connection can be handled by a separate thread within the same proces...read more

Closed loop systems provide real-time feedback and control, leading to increased efficiency and accuracy.

• Real-time feedback allows for quick adjustments to be made, improving efficiency and accuracy

• Controlled environment reduces the impact of external factors on the system

• Can be used in a variety of industries, such as manufacturing, aerospace, and healthcare

• Examples include automated insulin pumps for diabetes management and cruise control in cars

Jira bug marking scheme is crucial for prioritizing and tracking bugs.

• Use priority levels (e.g. Blocker, Critical, Major, Minor)

• Assign severity levels (e.g. High, Medium, Low)

• Utilize labels or tags for categorization (e.g. UI, Backend, Database)

• Include bug status (e.g. Open, In Progress, Resolved)

• Use custom fields for additional information (e.g. Steps to reproduce, Environment)

Composition is a strong relationship where the child object does not exist independently of the parent object, while aggregation is a weak relationship where the child object can exist independently of the parent object.

• Composition is a 'has-a' relationship, where the child object is part of the parent object.

• Aggregation is a 'has-a' relationship, where the child object is not part of the parent object and can exist independently.

• In composition, the child object is created an...read more

Functional programming in Java focuses on using functions to perform tasks, while OOPs concepts revolve around classes and objects.

• Functional programming in Java involves using higher-order functions, lambda expressions, and streams to process data.

• OOPs concepts in Java include inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Functional programming promotes immutability and avoids side effects, while OOPs allows for stateful objects and behavior.

• Combining functional ...read more

Long-term securities are investments held for an extended period, while short-term securities are held for a shorter duration.

• Long-term securities typically have maturity dates of over one year, such as bonds or stocks.

• Short-term securities have maturity dates of one year or less, like Treasury bills or certificates of deposit.

• Long-term securities offer higher potential returns but also higher risk, while short-term securities are more liquid and less risky.

• Investors may choo...read more

Bot creator designs and develops the bot, while bot runner executes the bot and monitors its performance.

• Bot creator designs and develops the bot based on the requirements provided by the organization.

• Bot runner is responsible for executing the bot on the designated systems and monitoring its performance.

• Bot creator may need to collaborate with business analysts and stakeholders to understand the process to be automated.

• Bot runner ensures that the bot is running smoothly and ...read more

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. Bug life cycle refers to the stages a bug goes through from identification to resolution. RTM is Requirements Traceability Matrix. Testing methodologies include Agile, Waterfall, and V-Model.

• SDLC is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software products.

• Bug life cycle includes stages like New, Assigned, Open, Fixed, Retest, and Closed.

• RTM is a document that maps and traces user ...read more

Use CSS property 'text-overflow: ellipsis' to truncate text.

• Set 'white-space: nowrap' to prevent text from wrapping

• Set 'overflow: hidden' to hide any overflowing text

• Set 'text-overflow: ellipsis' to add ellipsis (...) at the end of the truncated text

The creation of service entry sheet, STO, and IDOV error in PO are common issues in SAP MM.

• Service entry sheet is used to record the receipt of services performed by a vendor.

• STO (Stock Transport Order) is used to transfer goods between different plants within a company.

• IDOV (Item Data Output Variant) error in PO refers to an issue with the output variant settings for a purchase order.

• These issues can occur due to incorrect configuration, data entry errors, or system glitches...read more

Exceptions in Java can be handled using try-catch blocks and throwing exceptions.

• Use try-catch blocks to handle exceptions in Java.

• Catch specific exceptions using multiple catch blocks.

• Use finally block to execute code regardless of exception.

• Throw custom exceptions using throw keyword.

• Use throws keyword in method signature to declare exceptions that can be thrown.

My capabilities align with the current project requirements, including expertise in Swift, Objective-C, and experience with integrating third-party libraries.

• Proficient in Swift and Objective-C programming languages

• Experience with integrating third-party libraries and APIs

• Strong understanding of iOS design patterns and best practices

Hyperparameters of SVM can be tuned using techniques like grid search, random search, and Bayesian optimization.

• Grid search involves defining a grid of hyperparameter values and evaluating the model performance for each combination.

• Random search randomly selects hyperparameter values from a defined range and evaluates the model performance.

• Bayesian optimization uses a probabilistic model to select the next set of hyperparameters based on previous evaluations.

• Cross-validation ...read more

Create a responsive one page website with static content.

• Use HTML and CSS to create the structure and styling of the website.

• Make sure to use media queries for different screen sizes to ensure responsiveness.

• Include a navigation menu for easy access to different sections of the page.

• Utilize flexbox or grid layout for positioning elements on the page.

• Optimize images and other media for faster loading times.

• Test the website on different devices and browsers to ensure compatibil...read more

Data annotation is the process of labeling or tagging data to make it understandable and usable for machine learning algorithms.

• Data annotation involves adding metadata or annotations to data.

• It helps in training machine learning models by providing labeled examples.

• Common types of data annotation include image labeling, text tagging, and audio transcription.

• Data annotation can be done manually by human annotators or through automated tools.

• Examples of data annotation tasks i...read more

I have used the MVC (Model-View-Controller) design pattern in my previous projects.

• Separates the application into three main components: Model (data), View (UI), and Controller (logic)

• Promotes code reusability, modularity, and easier maintenance

• Examples: ASP.NET MVC, Spring MVC, Ruby on Rails

AI stands for Artificial Intelligence, which is the simulation of human intelligence in machines.

• AI involves the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence.

• It encompasses various subfields such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision.

• AI is used in various applications like virtual assistants, autonomous vehicles, and recommendation systems.

• Examples of AI technologies include IBM's Watson...read more

C++ exceptions are used to handle runtime errors and abnormal conditions in a program.

• C++ exceptions are thrown using the 'throw' keyword.

• Exceptions can be caught and handled using 'try' and 'catch' blocks.

• Unhandled exceptions will result in program termination.

• Example: throw std::runtime_error("An error occurred!");

Work life balance is the equilibrium between work responsibilities and personal life activities.

• Work life balance involves managing time and energy effectively between work and personal life.

• It is important for overall well-being, reducing stress, and preventing burnout.

• Examples include setting boundaries, prioritizing tasks, and taking breaks to recharge.

• Regular exercise, hobbies, and spending time with loved ones contribute to a healthy work life balance.

One example of a design pattern is the Singleton pattern.

• Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• It involves a static method to access the instance and a private constructor to prevent instantiation from other classes.

• Example: Singleton pattern is commonly used in logging classes, database connections, and thread pools.

Functional programming in Java focuses on using functions to perform operations on data, emphasizing immutability and avoiding side effects.

• Uses higher-order functions like map, filter, and reduce to manipulate data

• Emphasizes immutability to avoid side effects

• Encourages declarative programming style

• Leverages lambda expressions and streams for concise code

• Example: Using map to transform a list of integers

A callback in JavaScript is a function passed as an argument to another function, to be executed later.

• Callback functions are commonly used in asynchronous programming.

• They allow for functions to be executed after another function has finished executing.

• Example: setTimeout function in JavaScript takes a callback function as an argument to be executed after a specified time.

I selected testing because I enjoy finding bugs and ensuring quality in software products.

• I have a keen eye for detail and enjoy problem-solving.

• I like the challenge of breaking down complex systems to identify issues.

• I believe in the importance of delivering high-quality products to users.

• I have a passion for technology and ensuring that it functions as intended.

• I enjoy working collaboratively with developers to improve software quality.

Variable scope refers to the visibility and accessibility of variables within different parts of a program.

• Variables declared inside a function have local scope and are only accessible within that function.

• Global variables can be accessed from anywhere in the program.

• Nested functions can access variables from their parent functions.

Agile methodology is a software development approach that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and iterative development.

• Focus on delivering working software in short, iterative cycles

• Emphasizes collaboration between cross-functional teams

• Allows for changes and adjustments throughout the development process

• Prioritizes customer feedback and continuous improvement

• Common frameworks include Scrum, Kanban, and XP

Binary search algorithm efficiently finds the target value in a sorted array.

• Divide array in half and compare target with middle element

• If target is smaller, search left half; if larger, search right half

• Repeat process until target is found or subarray is empty

To find the 3rd highest salary in SQL, we can use the 'LIMIT' and 'OFFSET' keywords.

• Use 'ORDER BY' to sort the salaries in descending order

• Use 'LIMIT 1 OFFSET 2' to select the 3rd highest salary

• Example: SELECT salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 1 OFFSET 2

Functional testing is a type of software testing where the system is tested against the functional requirements/specifications.

• Focuses on verifying that the software functions as expected based on the defined requirements

• Tests individual functions or features of the software

• Does not consider the internal code structure or design of the software

• Examples include testing login functionality, search functionality, and data validation

Fundamentals of iOS

• iOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc.

• It is the operating system that powers iPhones, iPads, and iPod Touch devices.

• iOS is based on the macOS operating system and uses a multi-touch interface.

• It provides a secure and stable platform for developing and running mobile applications.

• Key concepts in iOS development include UIKit, Core Data, and Swift programming language.

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, which is the process of developing software through stages like planning, designing, coding, testing, and maintenance. STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle, which is the process of testing software through stages like test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• SDLC involves stages like planning, designing, coding, testing, and maintenance.

• STLC involves stages like test planning, test design, test execut...read more

To build a simple react component

• Create a new React component file

• Define the component using a functional or class component

• Render the component with JSX syntax

• Export the component for use in other files

Design pattern is a reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design.

• Design patterns help in creating maintainable, scalable, and reusable code.

• They provide a common language for developers to communicate and understand each other's code.

• Examples of design patterns include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and MVC.

Using a crypto price API to fetch and display real-time cryptocurrency prices in a machine coding project.

• Utilize a crypto price API to fetch real-time cryptocurrency prices

• Implement error handling for API requests

• Display the fetched prices in a user-friendly format

Oops concepts in Python include inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows methods to be written to handle different object types.

• Encapsulation restricts access to certain parts of an object and protects data.

• Abstraction hides complex implementation details and only shows the necessary features.

Concurrent API calls happen when multiple requests are made simultaneously, allowing for faster processing.

• Concurrent API calls can be achieved using asynchronous programming techniques such as callbacks, promises, or async/await.

• API calls can be made in parallel or in sequence, depending on the requirements of the application.

• Tools like Axios or Fetch API in JavaScript can be used to make concurrent API calls.

• Concurrency can improve the performance of an application by reduc...read more

A decision tree is a flowchart-like structure used to make decisions or predictions based on multiple conditions or features.

• A decision tree is a hierarchical structure with nodes representing conditions or features, branches representing possible outcomes, and leaves representing final decisions or predictions.

• It is a popular machine learning algorithm used for classification and regression tasks.

• Each internal node in the tree represents a test on a specific feature, and eac...read more

Incremental load in pyspark refers to loading only new or updated data into a dataset without reloading the entire dataset.

• Use the 'delta' function in pyspark to perform incremental loads by specifying the 'mergeSchema' option.

• Utilize the 'partitionBy' function to optimize incremental loads by partitioning the data based on specific columns.

• Implement a logic to identify new or updated records based on timestamps or unique identifiers.

• Consider using CDC (Change Data Capture) t...read more

Versioning of API is the practice of managing different versions of an API to ensure compatibility and smooth transitions for users.

• Versioning helps in maintaining backward compatibility for existing users while introducing new features or changes.

• It allows developers to make updates to the API without breaking existing client applications.

• Common methods of versioning include using URL paths (e.g. /v1/resource), custom headers, or query parameters.

• Semantic versioning (e.g. v1...read more

Velocity is the rate of change of an object's position with respect to a frame of reference, typically measured in meters per second.

• Velocity is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

• It is calculated as the displacement of an object divided by the time taken to cover that displacement.

• For example, if a car travels 100 meters in 10 seconds, its velocity is 10 m/s in the direction of travel.

A test bed is a platform or environment used to conduct testing of software or hardware.

• Test bed is a controlled environment where tests can be conducted.

• It may include hardware, software, network configurations, and other necessary components.

• Test beds are used to simulate real-world scenarios for testing purposes.

• Examples of test beds include virtual machines, physical devices, and cloud-based testing platforms.

LINQ (Language Integrated Query) is a feature in C# that allows for querying data from different data sources using a SQL-like syntax.

• LINQ allows for querying data from collections, databases, XML, and more.

• It provides a set of standard query operators like Where, Select, OrderBy, GroupBy, etc.

• LINQ queries are written in a declarative syntax, making code more readable and maintainable.

• Example: var result = from num in numbers where num % 2 == 0 select num;

Developed a mobile app for a healthcare company to track patient data and appointments.

• Implemented user authentication and data encryption for HIPAA compliance.

• Integrated with backend APIs to fetch and display patient information.

• Utilized Core Data for offline data storage and synchronization.

• Designed a user-friendly interface with custom UI components for easy navigation.

Hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and provides fast access to values based on their keys.

• Hashmap uses a hash function to map keys to indices in an array.

• Collisions can occur when multiple keys map to the same index, which can be resolved using techniques like chaining or open addressing.

• Hashmap provides constant time complexity for insertion, deletion, and retrieval of values.

• Example: HashMap map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("apple", 1); int value = map.ge...read more

Bot insights provide analytics and data on the performance and usage of bots in RPA processes.

• Bot insights offer detailed reports on bot performance metrics such as execution time, error rates, and throughput.

• They help in identifying bottlenecks, optimizing processes, and improving overall efficiency.

• Examples of bot insights tools include UiPath Insights and Automation Anywhere Analytics.

Types of testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing.

• Unit testing focuses on testing individual components or modules of the software.

• Integration testing checks if different modules work together correctly.

• System testing validates the entire system against the requirements.

• Acceptance testing ensures the software meets the user's requirements.

• Regression testing verifies that new code changes do not adversely aff...read more