American Technology Consulting Senior Software Engineer 2 Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is the Singleton pattern ? in how many ways can this pattern be broken ?
Ans. 
Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
• Singleton pattern can be implemented by making the constructor private and providing a static method to access the instance.

• The pattern can be broken by using reflection to access the private constructor and create multiple instances.

• Another way to break the Singleton pattern is by using multiple class loaders in Java.

• Th...read more
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Q2. What is the internal implementation of hashmap? Let's assume that you want to store duplicate keys in the hashmap, how can we achieve the same in hashmap ?
Ans. 
HashMap internally uses an array of linked lists to store key-value pairs. To store duplicate keys, we can use a custom implementation of HashMap.
• HashMap internally uses an array of linked lists to handle collisions.

• To store duplicate keys, we can create a custom HashMap implementation that allows multiple values for the same key.

• One approach is to use a HashMap with values as lists, where each key can have multiple va
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Q1. What microservices patterns are you aware ? let's assume that there is a microservice based architecture and service A is calling service B which in turn service C. If service b fails, how will you manage ...read more
Ans. 
Use compensating transactions and distributed tracing for managing transaction and logging in case of service B failure.
• Implement compensating transactions to rollback changes made by service B in case of failure.

• Use distributed tracing to track the flow of requests and identify where the failure occurred.

• Implement retry mechanisms to handle transient failures in service B.

• Use circuit breakers to prevent cascading fail...read more
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Q2. System Design question : Design a booking wesite for.eg: bookin.com ?
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Q1. Can you provide an explanation of your project?
Ans. 
Developed a web-based project management tool for tracking tasks and deadlines.
• Used React.js for front-end development

• Implemented RESTful APIs using Node.js and Express

• Utilized MongoDB for database management

• Incorporated authentication and authorization features for user security
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Q2. What is microservice architecture?
Ans. 
Microservice architecture is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services.
• Each service is self-contained and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.

• Services communicate with each other over lightweight protocols like HTTP or messaging queues.

• Microservices allow for better scalability, flexibility, and resilience compared to monolithic architectures.

• Exam...read more
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Q3. Collection framework and Spring annotation and explanation
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Q1. Java8,hashmap internal working,Runnable vs callable,linked list internal working,map vs flat map ,Comparable vs comparator
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Q2. Concurrent hashmap internal working spring boot exceptions handling
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Q1. Custom key as hahsmpa
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Q2. Java8 interview questions
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You need to give a coding test which is for 4.5 hours, where you are given a scenarios and you need to create API to fetch the response from an external API and according parse the response for whatever you need and perform some business logic for same.

Q1. Technical questions based on the code you had submitted earlier, and then again they check you for technical skills based on patterns, junit, threading, security, deployments etc
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Q2. What is the need for @Service annotation?
Ans. 
The @Service annotation is used in Spring framework to indicate that a class is a service component.
• Used to mark a class as a service component in Spring framework

• Helps in auto-detection and auto-configuration of Spring beans

• Facilitates dependency injection and inversion of control
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Q1. Here you are given a particular scenario and based on that you need to draw system diagram for same and explain them about why and what is needed.
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Q2. Draw a system diagram for ecommers system to place an order and get order history for a particular customer
Ans. 
System diagram for e-commerce order placement and history retrieval
• Frontend: Customer interface for browsing products, adding to cart, and placing orders

• Backend: Order processing system to handle order placement, payment processing, and order fulfillment

• Database: Store customer information, order details, and order history for retrieval

• APIs: Communication between frontend, backend, and database for seamless order proce...read more
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Q1. This round is to check what kind of behavior you showcase in certain situations and what kind of challenges you face in current team structure
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Q1. This round again judges you on cultural fitment, where they check what do you currently do and what kind of challenges or conflicts you face in team structure.
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Arrays based 1 hours

Q1. The questions were on oops and java8.
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Q2. Stream api coding questions
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Q3. Functional interface questions
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Q4. Trivia questions on oops concept
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Q1. The interview has a few coding questions and few technical questions on java,hibernate and spring
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Q1. What are traits and how to use it in PHP ?
Ans. 
Traits in PHP are a mechanism for code reuse in single inheritance languages.
• Traits are a way to group functionality in a fine-grained and consistent way.

• They allow developers to reuse sets of methods freely in several independent classes.

• To use a trait in PHP, you use the 'use' keyword followed by the trait name.

• Traits can be composed into a class using multiple 'use' statements.

• Traits can also have abstract methods t...read more
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Q2. Basic question on core PHP and OOPs concepts?
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Q1. Interview Questions about Java, Spring boot and other technical frameworks you worked on
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Q2. Implement Binary search tree
Ans. 
Binary search tree is a data structure where each node has at most two children, with the left child being less than the parent and the right child being greater.
• Start with a root node and insert new nodes by comparing values and traversing left or right accordingly.

• Implement functions for insertion, deletion, search, and traversal (inorder, preorder, postorder).

• Ensure the tree remains balanced to maintain efficient se
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Q3. How hash map works in java
Ans. 
HashMap in Java is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and allows for fast retrieval of values based on keys.
• HashMap uses hashing to store key-value pairs in an array of linked lists.

• It uses the hashCode() method of keys to determine the index where the value will be stored.

• If two keys have the same hashCode, they are stored in the same linked list at that index.

• HashMap allows null keys and values, but only on...read more
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Q1. Salary discussion
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