10+ MSN Laboratories Interview Questions and Answers

OSI network model has 7 layers. Layer 2 is Data Link layer and Layer 3 is Network layer.

• Layer 2 protocols include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and PPP

• Layer 3 protocols include IP, ICMP, and ARP

• Data Link layer provides error-free transmission over physical layer

• Network layer provides logical addressing and routing of data packets

Routers direct traffic between networks while switches connect devices within a network.

• Routers use IP addresses to direct traffic between networks

• Routers can prioritize traffic based on Quality of Service (QoS)

• Switches use MAC addresses to connect devices within a network

• Switches can create virtual LANs (VLANs) to segment a network

• Example of a router: Cisco ISR 4000 series

• Example of a switch: Cisco Catalyst 2960 series

OSI has 7 layers while TCP/IP has 4 layers.

• OSI model is theoretical while TCP/IP is practical

• OSI has a dedicated session layer while TCP/IP does not

• TCP/IP combines the presentation and session layers into one

• OSI is more complex and rarely used in practice

• TCP/IP is the standard for internet communication

Layer 2 devices operate at the data link layer, while Layer 3 devices operate at the network layer.

• Layer 2 devices include switches and bridges.

• Layer 3 devices include routers and layer 3 switches.

• Layer 2 devices forward frames based on MAC addresses.

• Layer 3 devices forward packets based on IP addresses.

Program to reverse a string in any language

• Declare a string variable

• Loop through the string in reverse order

• Append each character to a new string variable

• Return the new string variable

Factorial and Fibonacci can be calculated with or without recursion.

• Factorial can be calculated using a loop or recursion.

• Fibonacci can be calculated using a loop or recursion.

• Recursion can lead to stack overflow for large inputs.

• Iterative solutions are more efficient for large inputs.

Function overloading is having multiple functions with the same name but different parameters. Function overriding is having a derived class function with the same name and parameters as the base class function.

• Function overloading is a compile-time polymorphism concept while function overriding is a runtime polymorphism concept.

• Function overloading is used to provide multiple ways to call a function with different parameters while function overriding is used to provide a spe...read more

Yes, I have worked extensively on LINUX.

• I have experience in LINUX system administration and shell scripting.

• I have developed applications using C++ and Python on LINUX platform.

• I have worked with various LINUX distributions such as Ubuntu, CentOS, and Red Hat.

• I am familiar with LINUX command line tools and utilities.

• I have worked with LINUX servers and virtual machines.

Process scheduling is the method by which the operating system decides which process to run first.

• Process scheduling is an important part of operating system design.

• It involves deciding which process to run first, based on various criteria such as priority, time slice, and resource availability.

• There are several scheduling algorithms, including First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS), Round Robin, and Priority Scheduling.

• FCFS is the simplest algorithm, where the process that arrives fi...read more