40+ PDS Legal Interview Questions and Answers

.NET Core Singleton Design Pattern Example

• Singleton pattern ensures only one instance of a class is created

• In .NET Core, Singleton can be implemented using Dependency Injection

• Example: services.AddSingleton();

• This ensures only one instance of MyService is created and shared across the application

Delegates are reference types that hold a reference to a method. Anonymous methods are methods without a name. SOLID is a set of principles for software design.

• Delegates allow methods to be passed as parameters or returned as values.

• Anonymous methods are often used for event handlers or to define a method inline.

• SOLID stands for Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion.

• SOLID principles help create maintainable, s...read more

Applying profile permissions in Apex

• Use the Schema class to retrieve the profile object

• Use the Profile object to access and modify the profile permissions

• Use the Metadata API to deploy the updated profile permissions

I would follow a structured approach to address the issue.

• I would review the performance expectations and goals with the under performer.

• I would identify any obstacles or challenges that may be hindering their performance.

• I would provide additional training or resources if necessary.

• I would set clear and measurable improvement goals with a timeline for achieving them.

• I would monitor progress and provide regular feedback and coaching.

• If the under performer continues to not mee...read more

Yes, I am familiar with management reporting tools and have experience in creating reports using various tools.

• I have experience in using tools like Microsoft Excel, Power BI, and Tableau for creating reports

• I ensure that the reports are accurate, concise, and provide relevant information to stakeholders

• I also have experience in customizing reports based on the requirements of the stakeholders

• I regularly review and analyze the reports to identify areas of improvement and make...read more

Questions on JavaScript and React basics including closures, class vs function components, and general concepts.

• Closures are functions that have access to variables in their outer scope.

• Class components are ES6 classes that extend React.Component and have state and lifecycle methods.

• Function components are simpler and don't have state or lifecycle methods.

• React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

• JS basics include variables, data types, functions, and control...read more

Program Increment (PI) is a timeboxed event in SAFe that lasts for 8-12 weeks.

• PI is a planning and execution event that aligns all the teams in the ART towards a common goal.

• It includes a series of activities like planning, execution, review, and retrospective.

• PI is a critical aspect of SAFe as it helps in achieving the ART's objectives and delivering value to the customers.

• The duration of PI can vary depending on the organization's needs, but it typically lasts for 8-12 week...read more

Performance tuning of Data Warehouse involves optimizing queries, indexing, partitioning, and hardware configurations.

• Identify and optimize slow-running queries by analyzing execution plans and indexing strategies.

• Implement proper indexing on tables to improve query performance.

• Partition large tables to distribute data and queries across multiple physical storage units.

• Optimize hardware configurations such as memory, CPU, and storage to handle large data volumes efficiently.

Data Warehouse design involves structuring data for efficient querying and analysis.

• Identify business requirements and data sources

• Design dimensional model with facts and dimensions

• Implement ETL processes to load data into the warehouse

• Optimize queries for performance

• Consider scalability and data governance

SOLID is a set of five principles for designing object-oriented software to make it more maintainable, flexible, and scalable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the functionality.

• I - Interface Segrega...read more

Capacity planning at sprint level involves analyzing team velocity, prioritizing backlog items, and adjusting resources as needed.

• Analyze team velocity to determine how much work can be completed in a sprint

• Prioritize backlog items based on business value and dependencies

• Adjust resources as needed to ensure capacity is met

• Consider factors such as team member availability, skill sets, and workload

• Use tools such as burn-down charts and capacity planning spreadsheets to track pr...read more

Aura components are reusable UI elements in Salesforce. They are built using JavaScript and can be used in Lightning Experience and Communities.

• Aura components are built using JavaScript and can be used in Lightning Experience and Communities.

• They are reusable UI elements that can be easily customized and extended.

• Aura components use a component-based architecture and can communicate with each other using events.

• They can be created using the Aura framework or the Lightning We...read more

Burn Down and Burn up charts show progress of work over time. X-axis represents time and Y-axis represents work remaining or completed.

• Burn Down chart shows the amount of work remaining over time.

• Burn up chart shows the amount of work completed over time.

• X-axis represents time, usually in days or sprints.

• Y-axis represents work remaining or completed, usually in story points or hours.

• The ideal line on the chart represents the expected progress.

• Actual progress is shown by the l...read more

Use a SQL query with DISTINCT keyword to delete duplicates from a table.

• Use a SELECT statement with DISTINCT keyword to identify unique rows

• Create a temporary table with the unique rows

• Delete all rows from the original table

• Insert the unique rows back into the original table

Interface defines only method signatures while abstract class can have both method signatures and implementations.

• Interface cannot have method implementations, only method signatures.

• Abstract class can have both method signatures and implementations.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to implement, while abstract classes are used to provide a common base for subclasses.

InnoDB is a transaction-safe storage engine for MySQL, while MyISAM is not transaction-safe.

• InnoDB supports transactions with ACID properties, while MyISAM does not.

• InnoDB supports foreign keys, while MyISAM does not.

• InnoDB is more reliable and crash-safe compared to MyISAM.

• InnoDB is the default storage engine for MySQL 5.5 and higher versions.

• MyISAM is faster for read-heavy operations, while InnoDB is better for write-heavy operations.

Yes, static methods can be defined in interfaces but not in abstract classes.

• Static methods in interfaces are used for providing utility methods that can be accessed without creating an instance of the interface.

• Static methods in abstract classes are not allowed as abstract classes are meant to be extended and implemented by subclasses.

• Example: interface MyInterface { static void myMethod() { System.out.println("Static method in interface"); } }

MVC is a software design pattern that separates an application into three main components: Model, View, and Controller.

• Model represents the data and business logic of the application.

• View is responsible for displaying the data to the user.

• Controller acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly.

• MVC helps in organizing code, improving maintainability, and promoting code reusability.

• Popular PHP frameworks like Laravel and...read more

array_map in PHP is used to apply a callback function to each element of an array.

• array_map() returns an array containing all the elements of the input array after applying the callback function to each one.

• It is useful for applying a function to all elements of an array without using a loop.

• Example: array_map('strtoupper', ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']) will return ['APPLE', 'BANANA', 'CHERRY'].

A callback function in PHP is a function that is passed as an argument to another function and is executed at a later time.

• Callback functions are commonly used in PHP for event handling, asynchronous processing, and custom sorting.

• Example: array_map() function in PHP takes a callback function as an argument to apply a user-defined function to each element of an array.

• Another example: usort() function in PHP uses a callback function to define custom sorting logic for an array.

Spring MVC is a framework for building web applications in Java.

• Model-View-Controller architecture

• Central DispatcherServlet for handling requests

• Support for RESTful web services

• Annotation-based configuration

• Integration with other Spring modules like Spring Security

Scrum ceremonies are essential meetings in the Scrum framework that help facilitate effective communication and collaboration within the team.

• Scrum ceremonies are time-boxed events that occur at regular intervals during a sprint.

• They provide opportunities for the Scrum team to inspect and adapt their work.

• The main scrum ceremonies are Sprint Planning, Daily Stand-up, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective.

• Sprint Planning is held at the beginning of each sprint to determine t...read more

Regression testing is the process of retesting modified software to ensure that previously working functionalities still work as expected.

• Regression testing is performed after making changes to software to identify any new defects or issues introduced.

• It helps ensure that existing functionalities are not affected by the changes made.

• Regression testing can be done manually or using automated testing tools.

• It involves re-executing test cases that cover the affected areas of the...read more

Some tools used in automation testing include Selenium, JUnit, TestNG, Cucumber, and Jenkins.

• Selenium: Used for automating web applications testing

• JUnit: Framework for writing and running repeatable tests

• TestNG: Testing framework inspired by JUnit and NUnit

• Cucumber: Tool for running automated acceptance tests written in a behavior-driven development (BDD) style

• Jenkins: Automation server used to automate various tasks like building, testing, and delivering software

String manipulation using primitive data types in a program

• Use string concatenation to combine multiple strings

• Use string comparison to check for equality or order

• Use string slicing to extract substrings

Interface is a contract that defines the methods a class must implement, while abstract class can have both implemented and abstract methods.

• Interface can only have abstract methods and constants, while abstract class can have abstract and non-abstract methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance in Java, while abstract classes are used to provide a common base for subclasses...read more

MicroStrategy is a business intelligence software that provides data analytics and visualization tools.

• MicroStrategy offers a range of features such as data discovery, data blending, and predictive analytics.

• It allows users to create interactive dashboards and reports for better decision-making.

• The current trend in MicroStrategy is towards cloud-based solutions and mobile BI.

• MicroStrategy also offers integration with other tools such as Salesforce and SAP.

• Some popular compani...read more

A static method is a method that belongs to the class itself, rather than to instances of the class.

• Static methods can be called directly on the class without needing to create an instance of the class.

• Static methods are commonly used for utility functions that do not require access to instance-specific data.

• Static methods are declared using the 'static' keyword in PHP.

To attract customers telephonically, I would use persuasive communication, targeted marketing strategies, and personalized offers.

• Develop a compelling script that highlights the benefits of the product/service

• Identify and target potential customers through market research

• Offer exclusive discounts or promotions to incentivize purchases

• Use customer data to personalize the conversation and make it more engaging

• Follow up with potential customers to build rapport and address any c...read more

Optimizing SQL queries involves analyzing query performance, indexing, minimizing data retrieval, and using appropriate joins.

• Analyze query performance using tools like EXPLAIN to identify bottlenecks

• Use indexes on columns frequently used in WHERE clauses

• Minimize data retrieval by selecting only necessary columns

• Avoid using SELECT * and instead specify required columns

• Use appropriate joins like INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, etc. based on data relationships

OOPS concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism can be applied in the framework design to improve code reusability and maintainability.

• Use inheritance to create a base class with common methods and properties that can be inherited by other classes.

• Encapsulate data and behavior within classes to protect data from being accessed directly.

• Implement polymorphism to allow objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Example: Creating...read more

I am familiar with a variety of software including Microsoft Office Suite, Salesforce, and Tableau.

• Microsoft Office Suite

• Salesforce

• Tableau

PHPUnit workflow involves writing test cases, running tests, and analyzing results.

• Write test cases using PHPUnit framework

• Run tests using PHPUnit command line interface or IDE integration

• Analyze test results to identify failures and errors

• Make necessary code changes to fix failing tests

• Repeat the process until all tests pass successfully

HashMap is unordered and unsorted, while LinkedHashMap maintains insertion order.

• HashMap does not maintain insertion order, while LinkedHashMap maintains insertion order.

• HashMap allows one null key and multiple null values, while LinkedHashMap allows one null key and multiple null values.

• HashMap is faster for iteration, while LinkedHashMap is slower due to maintaining order.

To hire customers, I will focus on targeted marketing, building relationships, and providing exceptional customer experiences.

• Identify target audience and create targeted marketing campaigns

• Build relationships through personalized communication and engagement

• Offer exceptional customer experiences to encourage loyalty and referrals

A cube is a three-dimensional shape with six square faces of equal size.

• A cube has 12 edges and 8 vertices.

• All angles in a cube are right angles.

• The formula for finding the volume of a cube is V = s^3, where s is the length of one side.

• Examples of cubes include dice, Rubik's cubes, and sugar cubes.

Analyzing the Product Roadmap involves assessing the current state, identifying gaps, prioritizing features, and aligning with business goals.

• Review the current roadmap to understand the planned features and timelines

• Identify any gaps or missing features that are needed to meet customer needs or business objectives

• Prioritize features based on impact, effort, and strategic alignment

• Align the roadmap with business goals and market trends to ensure it remains relevant and compet...read more

List is mutable, tuple is immutable in Python.

• List can be modified, tuple cannot be modified.

• List uses square brackets [], tuple uses parentheses ().

• List is used for collections of items that may change, tuple is used for fixed collections.

• Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3], tuple_example = (4, 5, 6)

A Product Manager's day involves prioritizing tasks, collaborating with cross-functional teams, and using frameworks like Agile and Scrum.

• Prioritizing tasks based on customer needs and business goals

• Collaborating with cross-functional teams such as engineering, design, and marketing

• Using frameworks like Agile and Scrum to plan and execute product development

• Conducting market research and gathering feedback to inform product decisions

• Creating product roadmaps and defining feat...read more

Use the 'hostname' command in a shell script to find the hostname of the system.

• Use the 'hostname' command in a shell script to directly print the hostname of the system.

• You can store the output of the 'hostname' command in a variable for further processing.

• Example: hostname=$(hostname) - This will store the hostname in the 'hostname' variable.

To find the 2nd highest salary in SQL, use the 'SELECT TOP 1' statement with 'ORDER BY salary DESC OFFSET 1'.

• Use the 'SELECT TOP 1' statement to retrieve the highest salary.

• Order the salaries in descending order using 'ORDER BY salary DESC'.

• Use 'OFFSET 1' to skip the first highest salary and retrieve the second highest salary.

Overloading is having multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Overriding is implementing a method in a subclass that is already defined in the parent class.

• Overloading is resolved at compile time based on the method signature

• Overriding is resolved at runtime based on the object type

• Overloading does not require inheritance

• Overriding requires inheritance

• Example of overloading: public void print(int num) and public void print(String str)

• Ex...read more

Use DISTINCT keyword or GROUP BY clause to remove duplicates in SQL

• Use SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name to retrieve unique values

• Use GROUP BY column_name HAVING COUNT(*) = 1 to remove duplicates based on a specific column

• Consider using ROW_NUMBER() function with PARTITION BY clause to remove duplicates based on a specific order