ABB Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Aptitude and logical questions

Q1. What is inheritance in oops?
Ans. 
Inheritance in OOP allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class.
• Inheritance promotes code reusability by allowing a new class to take on the attributes and methods of an existing class.

• The class that is being inherited from is called the parent class or superclass, while the class that inherits is called the child class or subclass.

• Subclasses can add new methods or override existing methods fro...read more
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Q2. What is virtual function?
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A virtual function is a function in a base class that is declared using the keyword 'virtual' and can be overridden by a function in a derived class.
• Virtual functions allow a derived class to provide a specific implementation of a function that is already defined in a base class.

• They enable polymorphism, where a function call is resolved at runtime based on the actual type of object being referred to.

• Virtual functions ...read more
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Q3. What is difference between array and liked list?
Ans. 
Arrays store elements in contiguous memory locations, while linked lists store elements in nodes with pointers to the next node.
• Arrays have fixed size, while linked lists can dynamically grow or shrink.

• Accessing elements in arrays is faster (O(1)), while accessing elements in linked lists is slower (O(n)).

• Inserting or deleting elements in arrays can be inefficient as it may require shifting elements, while in linked li...read more
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Q4. What is stack? and to implement it?
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A stack is a data structure that follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle.
• Stack is a collection of elements with two main operations: push (adds an element to the top) and pop (removes the top element).

• Common implementations of stack include using arrays or linked lists.

• Example: Pushing elements 1, 2, and 3 onto a stack would result in 3 being at the top, followed by 2, and then 1.
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Q5. What is string function in structures?
Ans. 
String function in structures refers to operations that can be performed on string data within a data structure.
• String functions in structures can include operations like concatenation, substring extraction, searching, and comparison.

• For example, a structure may have a string member representing a person's name, and string functions can be used to manipulate or extract parts of the name.

• These functions can help in orga...read more
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Q1. What is transformer differential protection, and how is current transformer (CT) sizing determined?
Ans. 
Transformer differential protection is a method to protect transformers from internal faults. CT sizing is determined based on the transformer's primary current rating.
• Transformer differential protection compares the currents entering and leaving the transformer to detect internal faults.

• Current transformers (CTs) are sized based on the transformer's primary current rating and the desired accuracy of the protection sch...read more
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Q2. What is unbalanced protection in electrical systems?
Ans. 
Unbalanced protection in electrical systems is a type of protection that detects and responds to imbalances in current or voltage levels.
• Unbalanced protection is used to detect faults such as phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground faults in electrical systems.

• It helps prevent damage to equipment and ensures the safety of personnel by quickly isolating the faulty section of the system.

• Examples of unbalanced protection device...read more
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Q3. Is the use of a smartphone camera flasher permitted while assessing old switchgears for modernization?
Ans. 
Yes, the use of a smartphone camera flasher is permitted while assessing old switchgears for modernization.
• Using a smartphone camera flasher can help illuminate dark areas and improve visibility while assessing old switchgears.

• It can assist in capturing clear and detailed images for documentation and analysis.

• Ensure that the flash does not interfere with any sensitive equipment or cause any safety hazards.

• Consider usin...read more
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Q4. What is your current CTC, and what are your salary expectations?
Ans. 
I am currently earning X amount and my salary expectations are Y amount.
• Mention your current CTC (Cost to Company)

• Clearly state your salary expectations

• Consider factors like experience, industry standards, and job responsibilities when stating salary expectations
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Q5. What are your reasons for wanting to leave your current company?
Ans. 
Seeking new challenges and opportunities for growth.
• Desire for new challenges and learning opportunities

• Limited growth potential in current role

• Seeking a more innovative and dynamic work environment
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Q6. What inputs do you collect during a site visit for the assessment of existing switchgear when considering the retrofit of circuit breakers?
Ans. 
During a site visit for assessing existing switchgear for retrofitting circuit breakers, inputs collected include equipment specifications, condition, age, and load requirements.
• Collect equipment specifications such as voltage rating, current rating, and interrupting capacity.

• Assess the condition of the existing switchgear to determine if it can accommodate the new circuit breakers.

• Consider the age of the switchgear to...read more
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Q1. Tell me about yourself.
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Q2. What are your reasons for wanting to leave your current company?
Ans. 
Seeking new challenges and opportunities for growth.
• Desire for new challenges and learning opportunities

• Limited growth potential in current role

• Seeking a more innovative and dynamic work environment
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Q3. What are your reasons for wanting to change your career?
Ans. 
Seeking new challenges and opportunities for growth in a field that aligns more closely with my interests and skills.
• Desire for new challenges and opportunities

• Interest in pursuing a career that aligns better with skills and passions

• Seeking professional growth and development

• Exploring a field with more potential for advancement

• Wanting to broaden knowledge and experience in a different industry
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Q4. What is your current Cost to Company (CTC), and what is your expected CTC?
Ans. 
My current CTC is $80,000 per year, and my expected CTC is $90,000 per year.
• Current CTC: $80,000 per year

• Expected CTC: $90,000 per year

• Reasons for expecting increase in CTC (if applicable)
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Q5. Are you open to relocation?
Ans. 
Yes, I am open to relocation for the right opportunity.
• I am willing to relocate for the right job opportunity that aligns with my career goals.

• I am open to exploring new locations and experiencing different cultures.

• I understand that relocation may be necessary for career advancement and growth.
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Q1. The purpose of the call was to assess the suitability for the role for which I was being considered.
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Q2. What is your skill set, and how many years of experience do you have in each of those skills?
Ans. 
I have a strong skill set in programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++, with over 5 years of experience in each.
• Java - 7 years of experience, used in developing enterprise applications

• Python - 5 years of experience, used for data analysis and automation scripts

• C++ - 6 years of experience, used in embedded systems programming
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Q1. Can you provide an in-depth overview of the project?
Ans. 
The project is a web-based application for managing inventory and sales for a retail company.
• Developed using Java Spring framework

• Utilizes MySQL database for storing data

• Includes features such as user authentication, product management, and sales tracking
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Q2. Few cross-questions regarding the projects.
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Q1. Soft skills, strength and weakness discussion.
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Q2. Salary and notice period discussion.
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Q1. What are the symbols used in Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T)?
Ans. 
Symbols used in GD&T include position, concentricity, perpendicularity, etc.
• Position symbol: Indicates the allowable deviation from the true position of a feature

• Concentricity symbol: Specifies the allowable deviation between the axis of two features

• Perpendicularity symbol: Indicates the allowable deviation from a 90-degree angle between two features
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Q2. What is the explanation of your project?
Ans. 
My project involved designing a new type of gearbox for improved efficiency and durability.
• Researched existing gearbox designs and identified areas for improvement

• Utilized CAD software to create detailed 3D models of the new gearbox

• Conducted simulations to test the performance of the new design

• Collaborated with a team of engineers to refine the design based on feedback

• Produced a final prototype for testing and validati
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