400+ System Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Determine the winner of an election between two candidates based on the influence of supporters on neutral voters.

• Iterate through the string to count the number of supporters for each candidate.

• Simulate the movement of supporters of A and B to influence neutral voters.

• Compare the total number of supporters for A and B to determine the election winner.

• Handle cases where there is a tie by declaring it as a Coalition.

Find the row index with the most number of full parking spaces in a given matrix.

• Iterate through each row of the matrix and count the number of 1's in each row.

• Keep track of the row index with the maximum count of 1's.

• Return the index of the row with the maximum count of 1's.

The greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers is the largest positive integer that divides both numbers without leaving a remainder.

• Use Euclidean algorithm to find GCD efficiently

• GCD(X, Y) = GCD(Y, X % Y)

• Repeat until Y becomes 0, then X is the GCD

Given a string and a list of words, determine if each word in the list is present in the string and return a boolean array indicating their presence.

• Iterate through each word in the word list and check if it is present in the string.

• Use a boolean array to store the presence of each word in the string.

• Consider case sensitivity when checking for word presence.

• Do not use built-in string-matching methods.

• Return the boolean array without printing it.

Find pairs of elements in an array that sum up to a given value, sorted in a specific order.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the complement (S - current element) exists in a hash set.

• If the complement exists, add the pair to the result list.

• Sort the result list based on the criteria mentioned in the question.

• Return the sorted list of pairs.

Check if a given string is identical to its mirror reflection.

• Iterate through the string and compare characters from start and end simultaneously.

• If any characters don't match, return 'NO'.

• If all characters match, return 'YES'.

Reverse a singly linked list by altering the links between nodes.

• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the links between nodes

• Use three pointers to keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes

• Update the links while traversing the list to reverse it

• Return the head of the reversed linked list

The problem involves finding the number of twin pairs in an array based on a specific condition.

• Iterate through the array and check for each pair of indices if they form a twin pair based on the given condition

• Keep track of the count of twin pairs found

• Return the total count of twin pairs for each test case

To achieve NlogN complexity in the worst case, we can implement the randomized version of quicksort algorithm.

• Randomly select a pivot element to reduce the chances of worst-case scenarios.

• Implement a hybrid sorting algorithm like Introsort which switches to heap sort when the recursion depth exceeds a certain limit.

• Use median-of-three partitioning to select a good pivot element for better performance.

• Optimize the algorithm by using insertion sort for small subarrays to reduce...read more

The task is to distribute candies to students based on their performance while minimizing the total candies distributed.

• Create an array to store the minimum candies required for each student.

• Iterate through the students' ratings array to determine the minimum candies needed based on the given criteria.

• Consider the ratings of adjacent students to decide the number of candies to distribute.

• Calculate the total candies required by summing up the values in the array.

• Implement a fu...read more

Yes, the 0/1 Knapsack Problem can be solved using dynamic programming with a space complexity of not more than O(W).

• Use a 1D array to store the maximum value that can be stolen for each weight capacity from 0 to W.

• Iterate through each item and update the array based on whether including the item would increase the total value.

• The final element of the array will contain the maximum value that can be stolen within the weight capacity of the knapsack.

Print a binary pattern based on input integer N in a specific format.

• Iterate from N to 1 and print N - i + 1 numbers alternatively as 1 or 0 in each line

• Handle the test cases by reading the number of test cases first

• Follow the given constraints for input and output format

The task is to determine the maximum number of unique vehicle registrations given the number of districts, letter ranges, and digit ranges.

• Parse the input for each test case: number of districts, letter ranges, and digit ranges.

• Calculate the total number of unique registrations based on the given constraints.

• Output the maximum number of unique vehicle registrations for each test case.

• Consider the ranges of alphabets and digits to determine the total combinations possible.

• Ensu...read more

Generate all valid parentheses combinations for a given number of pairs.

• Use backtracking to generate all possible combinations of parentheses.

• Keep track of the number of open and close parentheses used.

• Add '(' if there are remaining open parentheses, and add ')' if there are remaining close parentheses.

• Stop when the length of the generated string is equal to 2*N.

Count the total number of unique pairs in an array whose elements sum up to a given value.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the complement (Sum - current element) exists in a hash set.

• If the complement exists, increment the count of pairs and add the current element to the hash set.

• Return the total count of pairs at the end.

Determine the maximum amount of money a thief can steal from houses without looting two consecutive houses.

• Create an array 'dp' to store the maximum money that can be stolen up to the i-th house.

• Iterate through the houses and update 'dp' based on whether the current house is looted or not.

• Return the maximum value in 'dp' as the answer.

The problem involves maximizing profit by cutting a rod into pieces with different costs associated with each length.

• Iterate through all possible cuts and calculate the maximum profit for each length

• Use dynamic programming to store and reuse subproblem solutions

• Choose the cut that maximizes profit at each step

• Return the maximum profit obtained by selling the pieces

Calculate the minimum cost to connect all points on a 2D plane using Manhattan distance.

• Iterate through all pairs of points and calculate Manhattan distance between them

• Use a minimum spanning tree algorithm like Kruskal's or Prim's to find the minimum cost

• Ensure all points are connected with one simple path only

Determine the maximum time Ninja can survive in a space survival game challenge with different planet effects on health and armour.

• Create a function that takes initial health and armour as input for each test case

• Simulate Ninja's movement between planets and update health and armour accordingly

• Keep track of the maximum time Ninja can survive before health or armour reaches 0

Remove duplicates from an array of integers while maintaining the order.

• Use a set to keep track of unique elements while iterating through the array.

• Add elements to the set if they are not already present.

• Convert the set back to an array to maintain order.

Procedural programming focuses on procedures and functions, while OOP emphasizes objects and classes.

• Procedural programming uses a top-down approach, while OOP uses a bottom-up approach.

• In procedural programming, data and functions are separate, while in OOP, they are encapsulated within objects.

• Procedural programming is more suitable for small-scale programs, while OOP is better for large-scale projects.

• C is a procedural programming language, lacking the features of OOP like...read more

List of 15 Linux commands with their functions

• ls - list directory contents

• pwd - print working directory

• cd - change directory

• mkdir - make a new directory

• rm - remove files or directories

• cp - copy files and directories

• mv - move or rename files and directories

• grep - search for patterns in files

• chmod - change file permissions

• ps - display information about running processes

• top - display and update sorted information about processes

• kill - send signals to processes

• tar - create or ext...read more

A constructor is a special method used to initialize an object, while a method is a function that performs a specific task.

• Constructors are called automatically when an object is created, while methods need to be called explicitly.

• Constructors have the same name as the class, while methods can have any valid name.

• Constructors do not have a return type, while methods can have a return type.

• Constructors are used to set initial values of instance variables, while methods are use...read more

OOP concepts are the building blocks of Object Oriented Programming. The four pillars of OOP are Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information to the user.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together to protect data from outside interference.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting properties and methods.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multip...read more

Yes, I am open to working on different domains as it will broaden my knowledge and skills.

• I am always eager to learn new things and take on new challenges.

• Working on a different domain will give me the opportunity to expand my knowledge and skills.

• I am confident that I can adapt quickly and efficiently to a new domain.

• Examples: If I have experience in software engineering and I am asked to work on a networking project, I will be willing to learn and work on it.

• Examples: If I ...read more

C is a procedural programming language while C++ is an extension of C with added features of object-oriented programming.

• C is a procedural language, while C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.

• C++ has additional features like classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• C++ supports function overloading and exception handling, which are not present in C.

• C++ has a standard template library (STL) that provides useful data structures and algorithms.

• C++ ...read more

Early binding is resolved at compile time while late binding is resolved at runtime in C++.

• Early binding is also known as static binding, where the function call is resolved at compile time based on the type of the object.

• Late binding is also known as dynamic binding, where the function call is resolved at runtime based on the actual type of the object.

• Early binding is faster as the function call is directly linked during compilation.

• Late binding allows for more flexibility a...read more