Software Engineer
1000+ Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers
Q1. In a dark room,there is a box of 18 white and 5 black gloves. You are allowed to pick one and then you are allowed to keep it and check it outside. How many turns do you need to take in order for you to find a ...
read moreYou need to take 36 turns to find a perfect pair.
You need to pick 19 gloves to ensure a perfect pair.
The worst case scenario is picking 18 white gloves and then the 19th glove is black.
In that case, you need to pick 17 more gloves to find a black one and complete the pair.
Q2. How can you cut a rectangular cake in 8 symmetric pieces in three cuts?
Cut the cake in half horizontally, then vertically, and finally cut each half diagonally.
Cut the cake horizontally through the middle.
Cut the cake vertically through the middle.
Cut each half diagonally from corner to corner.
Ensure each cut is made symmetrically to get 8 equal pieces.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdGmuCJzQFo
Chintu has a long binary string ‘str’. A binary string is a string that contains only 0 and 1. He considers a string ‘beautiful’ if and only if the number of 0's and 1's in the string are equ...read more
There is a potter who makes pottery wares. With his saving, he can purchase some pottery clay, say ‘K’ units to make pottery wares. He can transform this clay into ‘N’ different items. Each item requir...read more
You have been given two integers ‘X’ and ‘Y’ which are the first two integers of a series and an integer ‘N’. You have to find the Nth number of the series using the Fibo...read more
A man fell in a 50m deep well. He climbs 4 meters up and slips 3 meters down in one day. How many days would it take for him to come out of the well?
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Given a singly linked list of integers. Your task is to return the head of the reversed linked list.
For example:
The given linked list is 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4-> NULL. Then the reverse linked lis...read moreQ8. What is the reason that the Iterative Waterfall model was introduced?
Iterative Waterfall model was introduced to address the limitations of the traditional Waterfall model.
Iterative Waterfall model allows for feedback and changes during the development process.
It breaks down the development process into smaller, more manageable stages.
It reduces the risk of project failure by identifying and addressing issues early on.
It allows for better collaboration between developers and stakeholders.
Examples include Rational Unified Process (RUP) and Agil...read more
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You are given two strings A and B. Find the index of the first occurrence of A in B. If A is not present in B, then return -1.
For Example:
A = “bc”, B = “abcddbc”. String “A” is present at ...read moreYou are given a 2-D array 'MATRIX' of dimensions N x M, of integers. You need to return the spiral path of the matrix.
Example Of Spiral Path:
Input Format:
The first line contains an integer 'T' ...read moreNinja is traveling to a Happy city where ‘N’ people reside. In the city, the happiness of each person is represented as a number ‘H’ where ‘H’ ranges from -20,000,000 to 20,000,000 (both inc...read more
The problem is to find the number of ways to form a group of people such that the overall happiness of the group falls within a given range.
Iterate through all possible subsets of the given array/list
Calculate the sum of happiness values for each subset
Count the number of subsets whose sum falls within the given range
You are given two numbers 'A' and 'B' in the form of two arrays (A[] and B[]) of lengths 'N' and 'M' respectively, where each array element represents a digit. You need to find the sum of these...read more
Q13. One question of sorting for a list of people belonging to different cities and states.
Sort a list of people by their cities and states.
Use a sorting algorithm like quicksort or mergesort.
Create a custom comparator function that compares the city and state of each person.
If two people belong to the same city and state, sort them by their names.
Example: [{name: 'John', city: 'New York', state: 'NY'}, {name: 'Jane', city: 'Boston', state: 'MA'}]
Example output: [{name: 'Jane', city: 'Boston', state: 'MA'}, {name: 'John', city: 'New York', state: 'NY'}]
You are given an array of integers 'ARR' of length 'N' and an integer Target. Your task is to return all pairs of elements such that they add up to Target.
Note:
We cannot use the element at a given inde...read moreGiven two 1-dimensional arrays containing strings of lowercase alphabets, print the elements that are common in both the arrays i.e. the strings that are present in both ...read more
Given a string ‘STR’ which consists of uppercase and lowercase characters and spaces. Count the number of consonants in the string.
A consonant is an English alphabet character that ...read more
You are given a string ‘str’ of ‘N’ lowercase alphabets. Your task is to check whether it is possible to split the given string into three non-empty substrings such that one of them is a substri...read more
Q18. 2 queues q1 and q2 are given.A background process copies elements from q1 to q2.In case an error occurs elements from q2 need to be copied back again to q1.Write this error handling function using foll function...
read moreThe error handling function copies elements from q2 back to q1 in case of an error.
Use q_len() to get the length of the queues
Use q_insert() and q_remove() to manipulate the queues
Iterate through q2 and use q_insert() to copy elements back to q1
You are given a positive integer ‘N’. Your task is to print all prime numbers less than or equal to N.
Note: A prime number is a natural number that is divisible only by 1 and itself. Example ...read more
Given an array ‘arr’ consisting of ‘N’ integer elements. You have to remove ‘K’ elements from the beginning or end of the array. Return the maximum possible sum of the remaining array el...read more
You are given an array Arr consisting of n integers, you need to find a valid triplet as explained below.
An array is said to have a valid triplet {arr[i], arr[j], arr[k]} ...read more
A thief wants to loot houses. He knows the amount of money in each house. He cannot loot two consecutive houses. Find the maximum amount of money he can loot.
Input Format :
The first line of input c...read moreGiven 'N' number of intervals, where each interval contains two integers denoting the boundaries of the interval. The task is to merge all the overlapping intervals and return the lis...read more
Given a singly linked list of integers. Your task is to return the head of the reversed linked list.
For example:
The given linked list is 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4-> NULL. Then the reverse...read moreYou have been given an integer K.
Your task is to generate all binary strings of length K such that there are no consecutive 1s in the string. This means that the binary st...read more
You are given an integer ‘N’, your task is to generate all combinations of well-formed parenthesis having ‘N’ pairs. You are task is to generate all possible valid sets of parenthesis th...read more
You are given two sorted linked lists. You have to merge them to produce a combined sorted linked list. You need to return the head of the final linked list.
Note:
The given linked ...read moreBubble Sort is one of the sorting algorithms that works by repeatedly swapping the adjacent elements of the array if they are not in sorted order.
You are given an unsorted array consisting of N non-...read more
Given two strings, 'S' and 'T' with lengths 'M' and 'N', find the length of the 'Longest Common Subsequence'.
For a string 'str'(per se) of length K, the subsequences are the strings c...read more
Q31. What are seven layers of networking?
The seven layers of networking refer to the OSI model which defines how data is transmitted over a network.
The seven layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.
Each layer has a specific function and communicates with the layers above and below it.
For example, the Physical layer deals with the physical transmission of data, while the Application layer deals with user interfaces and applications.
Understanding the OSI model is imp...read more
Given a sequence of numbers ‘ARR’. Your task is to return a sorted sequence of ‘ARR’ in non-descending order with help of the merge sort algorithm.
Example :
Merge Sort Algorithm - Merge sort is a Div...read moreYou are given an infinite supply of coins of each of denominations D = {D0, D1, D2, D3, ...... Dn-1}. You need to figure out the total number of ways W, in which you can make a change fo...read more
You are given a string of length N. You need to reverse the string word by word. There can be multiple spaces between two words and there can be leading or trailing spaces but in the ou...read more
Given a binary tree. Print the Left View of the Tree.
Example :
If the input tree is as depicted in the picture: 
The Left View of the tree will be: 2 35 2 Input format :
Elements in t...read moreGiven a text and a wildcard pattern of size N and M respectively, implement a wildcard pattern matching algorithm that finds if the wildcard pattern is matched with the text. The matchi...read more
The task is to implement a wildcard pattern matching algorithm that checks if a given wildcard pattern matches a given text.
The wildcard pattern can include the characters '?' and '*'
'?' matches any single character
'*' matches any sequence of characters (sequence can be of length 0 or more)
The matching should cover the entire text, not partial text
Implement a function that takes the wildcard pattern and the text as input and returns True if the text matches the pattern, False...read more
Given a N * N matrix and the task is to check matrix is idempotent matrix or not.
See the sample input.
Idempotent matrix M follows the following property :
M*M = M Input format :
Line 1 : Siz...read moreYou are given an array/list ‘BINARYNUMS’ that consists of ‘N’ distinct strings which represent all integers from 0 to N in binary representation except one integer. This integer between 0 to ‘N’ w...read more
Nth term of Fibonacci series F(n), where F(n) is a function, is calculated using the following formula -
F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2), Where, F(1) = F(2) = 1 Provided N you have to find out the ...read more
You are given a directed acyclic graph. Your task is to find any topological sorting of the graph.
A directed acyclic graph is a directed graph with no directed cycles.
Topological sorting for D...read more
You are given two water jugs with capacities X and Y litres respectively. Both the jugs are initially empty. There is an infinite amount of water supply available. The jugs do not have markings...read more
Given an input string (STR), print all possible permutations of the input string.
Note:
The input string may contain the same characters, so there will also be the same permutations. The order...read moreGiven a 2-dimensional boolean matrix mat of size N x M, modify the matrix such that if an element is 1, set its entire row and column to 1 i.e. if mat[i][j] = 1, then make all the elements of the ...read more
You have given a Singly Linked List of integers, determine if it forms a cycle or not.
A cycle occurs when a node's next points back to a previous node in the list. The li...read more
Write a query to find names of the customers who have purchased less than or equal to one product. Order the output by customer name. Given customer table with customer id and customer name , produ...read more
Given an arithmetic expression ‘EXP’ containing integer values separated by any of the three operators ‘ + ’, ‘ - ’ and ‘ * ’. You need to place parentheses in the given expression such that...read more
You are given the arrival and departure times of N trains at a railway station in a day. You need to find the minimum of platforms required for the railway station such that no ...read more
You are given an array consisting of 'N' elements and you need to perform 'Q' queries on the given array. Each query consists of an integer which tells the number of elements by which...read more
Ninja has been given two sparse matrices ‘MAT1’ and ‘MAT2’ of integers having size ‘N’ x ‘M’ and ‘M’ x ‘P’, respectively.
A sparse matrix is a matrix that contains very few non-zero element...read more
You are given a 9x9 sudoku. Your task is to solve sudoku and return the solution.
A sudoku is a puzzle in which players insert the numbers one to nine into a grid consisting of nine squares subdivided int...read more
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