70+ Software Consultant Interview Questions and Answers

Check if a given string is a palindrome after removing special characters, spaces, and converting to lowercase.

• Remove special characters and spaces from the input string

• Convert the string to lowercase

• Check if the modified string is a palindrome by comparing characters from start and end

Reverse a given stack of integers using recursion without using extra space or loop constructs.

• Use recursion to pop all elements from the original stack and store them in function call stack.

• Once the stack is empty, push the elements back in reverse order using recursion.

• Make use of the top(), pop(), and push() stack methods provided.

Develop a program to compute the factorial of a given integer 'n'.

• Create a function to calculate factorial using a loop or recursion

• Handle edge cases such as negative input or input exceeding constraints

• Return 'Error' if factorial is undefined

• Example: For input 5, output should be 120

Calculate the smallest angle between the hour and minute hands of a clock for a given time.

• Calculate the angles of the hour and minute hands based on the input time.

• Find the absolute difference between the angles of the hour and minute hands.

• Return the smaller angle between the two possible angles.

• Ensure to handle cases where the smaller angle is greater than 180 degrees.

JVM allocates 5 types of memory areas: Method Area, Heap, Stack, PC Register, and Native Method Stack.

• Method Area stores class structures and static variables.

• Heap is where objects are allocated.

• Stack holds method-specific data and references.

• PC Register stores the address of the current instruction being executed.

• Native Method Stack is used for native method execution.

Display values from a table with alternate value

• Use a loop to iterate through the table values

• Use an if-else statement to check for alternate values

• Display the alternate values using a different formatting or color

• Consider using CSS or JavaScript to enhance the display

Some common exceptions in Selenium include NoSuchElementException, ElementNotVisibleException, TimeoutException, StaleElementReferenceException.

• NoSuchElementException occurs when an element could not be found in the DOM.

• ElementNotVisibleException occurs when an element is present in the DOM but not visible on the page.

• TimeoutException occurs when a command does not complete in the specified time.

• StaleElementReferenceException occurs when the element is no longer attached to t...read more

Optional class in Java provides a way to handle null values more effectively.

• Prevents NullPointerException by explicitly checking for null values

• Encourages developers to handle null values properly

• Provides methods like isPresent(), ifPresent(), orElse() for better null value handling

• Improves code readability and maintainability

• Example: Optional<String> optionalString = Optional.ofNullable(str);

Major differences between @RequestMapping and @GetMapping in Spring Boot

• 1. @RequestMapping can be used for all HTTP methods, while @GetMapping is specific to GET requests.

• 2. @RequestMapping allows for more customization with parameters like method, headers, and produces/consumes, while @GetMapping is more concise.

• 3. @GetMapping is a specialized version of @RequestMapping with method set to GET by default.

• 4. Example: @RequestMapping(value = "/example", method = RequestMethod.P...read more

The @RequestMapping annotation is used to map web requests to specific handler methods, while @RestController is used to define RESTful web services.

• The @RequestMapping annotation is used to map HTTP requests to specific handler methods in a controller class.

• It can be used to specify the URL path, HTTP method, request parameters, headers, and media types for the mapping.

• Example: @RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)

• The @RestController annotation is use...read more

Java program to count triplets in a given array

• Create a nested loop to iterate through all possible triplets in the array

• Use a counter to keep track of the number of triplets that satisfy the condition

• Check if the sum of the triplet is equal to a given target value

Java program to return prime numbers in a given range

• Iterate through the given range and check if each number is prime

• A prime number is a number that is only divisible by 1 and itself

• Use a nested loop to check for divisibility by numbers less than the current number

Session interface in Hibernate is used to create, read, update, and delete persistent objects.

• Session interface is used to interact with the database in Hibernate.

• It represents a single-threaded unit of work.

• It is lightweight and designed to be instantiated each time an interaction with the database is needed.

• Session interface provides methods like save, update, delete, get, load, etc.

• Example: Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

setMaxResults() limits the number of results returned by a query, while setFetchSize() sets the number of rows to fetch in each round trip to the database.

• setMaxResults() is used to limit the number of results returned by a query.

• setFetchSize() sets the number of rows to fetch in each round trip to the database.

• setMaxResults() is typically used for pagination purposes.

• setFetchSize() can improve performance by reducing the number of round trips to the database.

• Example: setMaxR...read more

CURSOR in COBOL is used to navigate through a result set in a database program.

• Declare a CURSOR in the Working-Storage section of the COBOL program

• Open the CURSOR to fetch data from the database

• Use FETCH statement to retrieve rows from the result set

• Process the fetched data as needed

• Close the CURSOR when done with the result set

The @Transactional annotation in Spring JPA is used to manage transactions in database operations.

• Ensures that a method is executed within a transaction context

• Rolls back the transaction if an exception is thrown

• Controls the transaction boundaries

Yes

• Implemented OOPs concepts in the project using Stream API

• Utilized Map in Collections to implement OOPs principles

• Used Stream API to apply functional programming concepts in the project

Use SQL query with WHERE clause to filter out low values while fetching data from DB2 table

• Use SELECT statement to fetch data from table

• Add WHERE clause with condition to filter out low values

• Example: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name > 10

• Use ORDER BY clause to sort the data in ascending or descending order

A controller to handle POST requests in a Spring REST API.

• Create a new class annotated with @RestController

• Define a method in the class annotated with @PostMapping

• Use @RequestBody annotation to bind the request body to a parameter

• Implement the logic to handle the POST request

• Return the response using ResponseEntity

Synchronization in Selenium ensures that the automation script waits for the web page to load completely before performing actions.

• Use implicit wait to wait for a certain amount of time before throwing an exception

• Use explicit wait to wait for a specific condition to be met before proceeding

• Use fluent wait to wait for a specific condition with a polling frequency

Standard Java pre-defined functional interfaces include Function, Consumer, Predicate, Supplier, etc.

• Function: Represents a function that accepts one argument and produces a result. Example: Function<Integer, String>

• Consumer: Represents an operation that accepts a single input argument and returns no result. Example: Consumer<String>

• Predicate: Represents a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one argument. Example: Predicate<Integer>

• Supplier: Represents a supplier of result...read more

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. Denormalization is the opposite process.

• Normalization involves breaking down a table into smaller tables and defining relationships between them to reduce redundancy.

• Denormalization involves combining tables to reduce the number of joins needed for queries, sacrificing some normalization benefits for performance.

• Normalization helps in maintaining data integrity and c...read more

Spring Actuator is a set of production-ready features to help monitor and manage your application.

• Provides insight into application's health, metrics, and other useful information

• Enables monitoring and managing of application in real-time

• Helps in identifying and troubleshooting issues quickly

• Can be easily integrated with other monitoring tools like Prometheus or Grafana

Hibernate provides several concurrency strategies like optimistic locking, pessimistic locking, and versioning.

• Optimistic locking: Allows multiple transactions to read a row simultaneously, but only one can update it. Uses versioning or timestamp to check for conflicts.

• Pessimistic locking: Locks the row for exclusive use by one transaction, preventing other transactions from accessing it until the lock is released.

• Versioning: Uses a version number or timestamp to track change...read more

ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning, a software system that integrates various business functions and processes.

• ERP helps organizations streamline and automate their operations by centralizing data and processes.

• It includes modules for functions like finance, HR, inventory management, and customer relationship management.

• ERP systems can be customized to meet the specific needs of different industries.

• Examples of popular ERP systems include SAP, Oracle E-Business Suite...read more

Create a generic database connection approach using interfaces and configuration for multiple database types.

• Use an interface (e.g., IDatabaseConnection) to define common methods like connect(), disconnect(), and executeQuery().

• Implement specific classes for each database type (e.g., SqlConnection, PostgresConnection) that inherit from the interface.

• Utilize a configuration file (e.g., JSON, YAML) to store database connection details and type, allowing dynamic loading.

• Use a fa...read more

Lambda expressions are anonymous functions that can be passed as arguments to methods or stored in variables.

• Lambda expressions are written using the -> operator.

• They can have zero or more parameters.

• They can have zero or more statements.

• They can be used to implement functional interfaces in Java.

• Example: (a, b) -> a + b