200+ Senior Software Engineer 2 Interview Questions and Answers

Dynamic programming solution to find minimum cost of painting houses with no adjacent houses of same color

• Create a 2D dp array to store the minimum cost of painting each house with each color

• Iterate through each house and each color option, updating the dp array with the minimum cost

• Return the minimum cost of painting the last house

Implementing resiliency in microservice architecture involves using techniques like circuit breakers, retries, timeouts, and load balancing.

• Use circuit breakers to prevent cascading failures by stopping requests to a service that is not responding.

• Implement retries with exponential backoff to handle transient failures and give the service time to recover.

• Set timeouts for requests to avoid blocking resources and waiting indefinitely.

• Use load balancing to distribute traffic eve...read more

Create a custom hashmap with OOPs concepts

• Create a class for the hashmap with private variables for key and value

• Implement methods for adding, removing and retrieving elements

• Use inheritance to create a separate class for each type of data to be stored

• Use encapsulation to protect the data and ensure proper access

• Use polymorphism to allow for different types of data to be stored in the same hashmap

Python scripting is a way to automate tasks using Python programming language.

• Python scripting allows for automating repetitive tasks by writing scripts in Python.

• It is commonly used for tasks like data processing, web scraping, and automation.

• Python scripts can be run from the command line or integrated into larger applications.

• Python's extensive standard library makes it easy to work with files, networks, and more.

I designed the HLD for our current project implementation.

• Identified the main components and their interactions

• Created a high-level architecture diagram

• Considered scalability, maintainability, and performance

• Collaborated with team members to ensure alignment with requirements

Program to find pair of elements whose sum matches to k

• Use a hash set to store elements as you iterate through the array

• For each element, check if k minus the element is already in the set

• If found, return the pair of elements

• Time complexity: O(n)

AngularJS is the first version of Angular, while Angular refers to versions 2 and above.

• AngularJS is based on JavaScript, while Angular is based on TypeScript.

• AngularJS uses controllers and $scope for data binding, while Angular uses components and directives.

• AngularJS has two-way data binding, while Angular has one-way data binding by default.

Fault tolerance in microservices ensures system reliability by handling failures gracefully.

• Microservices architecture breaks down applications into smaller, independent services.

• Each microservice is designed to be resilient to failures and can continue to operate even if one service fails.

• Fault tolerance is achieved through redundancy, monitoring, and graceful degradation.

• Examples of fault tolerance mechanisms include circuit breakers, retries, and fallback mechanisms.

Steps to write an immutable class

• Make the class final so it cannot be extended

• Make all fields private and final

• Do not provide setter methods for the fields

• Ensure that any mutable objects within the class are also immutable

• If a mutable object must be returned, make a deep copy before returning it

Divisions in a COBOL program include Identification, Environment, Data, Procedure, and File Control.

• Identification Division: Contains program name, author, and other identifying information.

• Environment Division: Specifies the hardware and software environment in which the program will run.

• Data Division: Defines the data structures used in the program.

• Procedure Division: Contains the actual logic and processing instructions.

• File Control Division: Specifies the files used by th...read more

An array is a collection of elements, typically of the same data type, stored in contiguous memory locations.

• Arrays can hold multiple values of the same type, e.g., int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};

• To convert an array to a string array, you can use methods like Arrays.toString() in Java.

• Example in Java: String[] stringArray = Arrays.stream(intArray).mapToObj(String::valueOf).toArray(String[]::new);

• In JavaScript, you can convert an array of numbers to strings using map: const stringA...read more

Slicing in Python doesn't give index out of bounds error because it automatically handles out of range indices.

• Python slicing allows accessing elements in a sequence using a start and end index.

• If the start or end index is out of range, Python automatically adjusts it to the nearest valid index.

• This behavior prevents index out of bounds errors and makes slicing more convenient.

• For example, slicing a list with an out of range index will return an empty list instead of throwing...read more

Fetch employee details for those who joined most recently with the 5th highest salary.

• Use a subquery to find the 5th highest salary.

• Use the ROW_NUMBER() function to rank employees by joining date.

• Join the results to get employee details based on the salary.

Designing a cache involves choosing the right strategy for data storage, retrieval, and eviction to optimize performance.

• Determine cache size based on expected load and available memory.

• Choose a caching strategy: LRU (Least Recently Used), LFU (Least Frequently Used), or FIFO (First In First Out).

• Implement a mechanism for cache invalidation to ensure data consistency.

• Consider using a distributed cache for scalability, e.g., Redis or Memcached.

• Use a cache hit/miss ratio to eva...read more

Lifecycle methods of authentication methods are functions that are executed at different stages of the authentication process.

• Lifecycle methods are used to perform actions before, during, and after authentication.

• Examples of lifecycle methods include initialization, authentication, authorization, and cleanup.

• These methods can be used to validate user credentials, generate access tokens, enforce security policies, and log authentication events.

Traits in PHP are a mechanism for code reuse in single inheritance languages.

• Traits are a way to group functionality in a fine-grained and consistent way.

• They allow developers to reuse sets of methods freely in several independent classes.

• To use a trait in PHP, you use the 'use' keyword followed by the trait name.

• Traits can be composed into a class using multiple 'use' statements.

• Traits can also have abstract methods that must be implemented by the class using the trait.

The coin change problem - given a set of coins and a target amount, find the minimum number of coins needed to make the change.

• Create an array to store the minimum number of coins needed for each amount from 0 to target

• Iterate through each coin and update the array for each amount that can be made using that coin

• Return the value at the target index of the array

Var and dynamic are type inference keywords in C#. Static constructors are used to initialize static fields. Private constructors restrict object creation. Microservices are a software architecture pattern.

• Var and dynamic are used for type inference in C#

• Static constructors are used to initialize static fields

• Private constructors restrict object creation

• Microservices are a software architecture pattern for building complex applications as a suite of small, independent service...read more

Management fosters a supportive environment, encouraging growth, collaboration, and open communication among employees.

• Management prioritizes employee well-being, offering flexible work hours to accommodate personal needs.

• Regular feedback sessions are held to ensure employees feel valued and heard, promoting a culture of continuous improvement.

• Opportunities for professional development, such as training programs and workshops, are provided to help employees advance their skil...read more

Standard processes and practices are established methods and guidelines for software development.

• Standard processes and practices ensure consistency and quality in software development.

• Examples include Agile, Waterfall, and DevOps methodologies.

• They often involve documentation, testing, and code reviews.

• They may also include tools and technologies such as version control and continuous integration.

• Adherence to standard processes and practices can improve efficiency and reduce...read more

Designing a RESTful API for CRUD operations on a Product table

• Use HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE for CRUD operations

• Create endpoints like /products for listing all products, /products/{id} for specific product, etc.

• Use JSON format for request and response bodies

• Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms for secure access

Reverse a stack using another stack and recursion to achieve the desired order of elements.

• Use a temporary stack to hold elements while reversing.

• Pop elements from the original stack and push them onto the temporary stack.

• Once the original stack is empty, pop from the temporary stack to restore the order.

• Recursion can be used to pop all elements and then push them back in reverse order.

Designing a chatbot like ChatGPT involves NLP, ML models, and user interaction frameworks.

• Utilize transformer models like GPT for natural language understanding and generation.

• Implement a user interface for seamless interaction, such as web or mobile apps.

• Incorporate a feedback loop to improve responses based on user interactions.

• Use APIs for integration with other services (e.g., weather, news, etc.).

• Ensure data privacy and security, especially when handling sensitive inform...read more

To connect to S3 in AWS, you can use the AWS SDK package.

• Use the AWS SDK for your preferred programming language

• Import the necessary libraries and configure your AWS credentials

• Create an S3 client object and specify the AWS region

• Use the client object to interact with S3, such as uploading, downloading, or listing objects

Test cases for a dummy website include checking functionality, usability, security, and performance.

• Verify that all links and buttons are working correctly

• Test user registration and login functionality

• Check for proper error messages when entering invalid data

• Test the website's responsiveness on different devices

• Ensure that user data is stored securely

• Perform load testing to check website performance under heavy traffic

OOPS is a programming paradigm based on objects, Inheritance is a mechanism in OOPS, SQL basics include querying databases.

• OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming, where data and behavior are encapsulated within objects.

• Inheritance is a mechanism in OOPS where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.

• SQL basics include querying databases using SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements.

• Example: In OOPS, a Car class can inherit properties and behaviors f...read more

LVM stands for Logical Volume Manager. It is a tool used to manage disk space by creating logical volumes from physical volumes.

• LVM allows for dynamic resizing of logical volumes without the need to unmount the filesystem.

• It can create multiple logical volumes from a single physical volume.

• LVM provides features like snapshots and mirroring for data protection.

• The number of partitions that can be created using LVM depends on the size of the physical volumes and the filesystem ...read more