3500+ Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Action Filters are attributes that can be applied to controller actions to perform pre/post processing.

• Action Filters are used to modify the behavior of controller actions.

• They can be used to perform authentication, logging, caching, etc.

• Action Filters can be applied globally or to specific actions.

• Examples include [Authorize] for authentication and [OutputCache] for caching.

• Action Filters can also be created by the developer to perform custom processing.

Interfaces are a way to define a contract between two objects, specifying the methods and properties that one object must implement.

• Interfaces allow for loose coupling between objects, making it easier to change the implementation of one object without affecting others.

• They promote code reusability by allowing multiple objects to implement the same interface.

• Interfaces can be used to create mock objects for testing purposes.

• Examples of interfaces in Java include Comparable, R...read more

oAuth tokens are used for authentication and authorization purposes in web applications.

• oAuth tokens are used to grant access to resources without sharing the user's credentials.

• There are three types of oAuth tokens: access tokens, refresh tokens, and authorization codes.

• Access tokens are short-lived tokens that are used to access protected resources.

• Refresh tokens are long-lived tokens that are used to obtain new access tokens.

• Authorization codes are used to obtain access to...read more

A system to sell 10 million burgers in 10 minutes

• Implement a high-traffic online ordering platform

• Utilize pre-ordering and queue management systems to handle the rush

• Have a countdown timer for the 10-minute sale period

• Ensure sufficient stock and staff to meet demand

• Offer limited-time promotions to attract customers

CDN stands for Content Delivery Network. It is a distributed network of servers that deliver web content to users based on their geographic location.

• CDN improves website performance by reducing latency and increasing page load speed.

• CDN caches content in multiple locations, allowing users to access it from a server closest to them.

• CDN helps handle high traffic loads and prevents server overload.

• Popular CDN providers include Cloudflare, Akamai, and Amazon CloudFront.

Code to reverse linked list in size of K

• Create a function that takes head of linked list and size K as input

• Traverse the linked list in groups of K nodes

• Reverse each group of K nodes using iterative or recursive approach

• Connect the reversed groups to form the final linked list

• Return the new head of the reversed linked list

Difference between view bag, view data and Temp data in mvc

• ViewBag is a dynamic object used to pass data from controller to view

• ViewData is a dictionary object used to pass data from controller to view

• TempData is used to pass data between controller actions or redirects

• ViewBag and ViewData are short-lived while TempData is longer-lived

Explaining encapsulation, overriding, overloading, interface, sealed class, virtual override keyword, and MVC architecture.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information.

• Overriding is providing a new implementation for a method in a subclass that is already defined in the parent class.

• Overloading is defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Interface is a contract that defines a set of methods ...read more

Minimum 2 platforms required for a railway station.

• At least 2 platforms are required for trains to arrive and depart simultaneously.

• Additional platforms may be required based on the frequency of trains and passenger traffic.

• Platforms should be long enough to accommodate the longest trains that will use the station.

• Platforms should also have appropriate facilities for passengers, such as seating, shelter, and signage.

To schedule a meeting for attendees across the globe and display the timing in their local time, use a timezone conversion algorithm.

• Implement a timezone conversion algorithm to convert the meeting time to each attendee's local time based on their timezone.

• Store the timezone information of each attendee in the database or use a reliable timezone API to fetch the timezone dynamically.

• Consider daylight saving time changes and adjust the meeting time accordingly.

• Provide an optio...read more

Developed a real-time data processing system for a financial institution

• Implemented a distributed system using Apache Kafka and Apache Storm

• Designed a fault-tolerant architecture with multiple redundancy layers

• Optimized the system for high throughput and low latency

• Provided real-time monitoring and alerting using Grafana and Prometheus

Improving performance, connecting to multiple databases, and developing REST API in a Spring application.

• To improve performance, use caching mechanisms like Spring Cache or Redis.

• To connect to 2 databases, configure multiple DataSource beans in the application context.

• To develop a REST API in Spring Boot, use @RestController annotation and define request mappings.

To access files in a different server, use protocols like FTP or SSH. To identify similar key value pairs in multiple files, compare values using a script or tool.

• Use FTP or SSH protocols to access files in a different server

• Write a script or use a tool to compare key value pairs in multiple files

• Identify values that are the same and different across files

• Example: Use Python script to read files and compare key value pairs

Join is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Types of joins: Inner Join, Left Join, Right Join, Full Join

• Inner Join: Returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables

• Left Join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

• Right Join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table

• Full Join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables

Differences between Oracle EBS 12.1 and 12.2 Technical Architecture

• 12.2 has a web-based interface while 12.1 has a client-server interface

• 12.2 has a multi-node architecture while 12.1 has a single-node architecture

• 12.2 has a more modular architecture with fewer dependencies

• 12.2 has a more streamlined upgrade process compared to 12.1

Standard document types in SO and billing

• Sales Order (SO)

• Invoice

• Credit Memo

• Purchase Order

• Delivery Note

ValueLabs is a global technology consulting and services company.

• Founded in 1997

• Headquartered in Hyderabad, India

• Provides IT services, consulting, and business solutions

• Has offices in multiple countries including the USA, UK, and Australia

Aggregation and composition are relationships between entities in object-oriented programming.

• Aggregation is a 'has-a' relationship where one entity contains another entity as a part.

• Composition is a 'part-of' relationship where one entity is a part of another entity.

• Aggregation is represented by a diamond-shaped arrowhead pointing to the contained entity.

• Composition is represented by a filled diamond-shaped arrowhead pointing to the containing entity.

• Example of aggregation: ...read more

Check if a number is even or odd without using mod operator.

• Use bitwise AND operator with 1 to check the last bit of the number.

• If the last bit is 0, the number is even. If it's 1, the number is odd.

• Example: (num & 1) == 0 for even, (num & 1) == 1 for odd.

One to many relationship in SQL Server

• Create a foreign key in the child table referencing the primary key in the parent table

• Use JOIN to retrieve data from both tables

• Use GROUP BY to group data by the parent table's primary key

• Use COUNT to get the number of child records for each parent record

Different categories of exceptions and examples of checked and unchecked exceptions.

• Different categories of exceptions are checked and unchecked exceptions.

• Checked exceptions are checked at compile-time and must be handled by the programmer.

• Examples of checked exceptions are IOException, SQLException, and ClassNotFoundException.

• Unchecked exceptions are not checked at compile-time and can be handled at runtime.

• Examples of unchecked exceptions are NullPointerException, ArrayInd...read more

Dot net is a framework for building Windows applications while Dot net core is a cross-platform framework.

• Dot net is Windows-only while Dot net core is cross-platform

• Dot net core is open-source while Dot net is not

• Dot net core is modular while Dot net is monolithic

• Dot net core has better performance and scalability

• Dot net core supports microservices architecture

Static class cannot be instantiated and has only static members, while singleton class allows only one instance to be created and provides a global point of access to it.

• Static class cannot be inherited, while singleton class can be

• Static class members are accessed using class name, while singleton class instance is accessed using getInstance() method

• Static class is used for utility classes, while singleton class is used for classes that need to maintain state

• Example of stati...read more

Debugging a memory leak issue in a web application

• Identified the source of the memory leak using Chrome DevTools

• Reviewed the code and found that a large amount of data was being stored in memory unnecessarily

• Implemented a solution to clear the unnecessary data from memory after use

• Tested the application thoroughly to ensure the issue was resolved

Types of indexes in SQL Server and definition of clustered index.

• Types of indexes: clustered, non-clustered, unique, filtered, columnstore, full-text

• Clustered index determines physical order of data in table

• Only one clustered index per table

• Primary key is automatically a clustered index if not specified otherwise

Given a matrix, replace rows and columns with 0 when encountering a 0.

• Iterate through the matrix and store the row and column indices of 0s in separate sets.

• Iterate through the sets and update the corresponding rows and columns to 0.

Use variadic arguments in C++ to handle variable number of parameters in a function

• Use variadic arguments in C++ to create a function that can accept any number of parameters

• Example: void myFunction(int firstParam, ...)

• Access the parameters using va_list and va_start macros

• Example: va_list args; va_start(args, firstParam); int nextParam = va_arg(args, int);

• End the argument list with va_end macro

CTE is better for complex queries, temp tables for large data sets.

• CTE is more efficient for recursive queries and can improve readability.

• Temp tables are better for large data sets and can be indexed for faster performance.

• Consider the complexity and size of the data when choosing between CTE and temp tables.

Data template defines the structure of data, while control template defines the appearance and behavior of a control.

• Data template specifies the data fields and their types, while control template specifies the layout and styling of a control.

• Data template is used to bind data to controls, while control template is used to define the visual representation of a control.

• Examples: Data template for a list of products may include fields like name, price, and description. Control ...read more

Static class is a class that cannot be instantiated and is used for grouping related methods and properties. Singleton class is a class that can only have one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Static class cannot be instantiated, while singleton class can have only one instance.

• Static class is used for grouping related methods and properties, while singleton class provides a global point of access to its instance.

• Static class members are accessed using the ...read more

Components in Angular can communicate with each other using @Input, @Output, and services.

• Use @Input to pass data from parent to child component

• Use @Output to emit events from child to parent component

• Use services to share data between components that are not directly related

• Use RxJS subjects to create a shared data stream between components

Data can be transferred between components using props, state, context, or Redux.

• Props: pass data from parent to child components

• State: manage data within a component

• Context: share data between components without passing props

• Redux: manage global state for the entire application

• Examples: passing user data from a login component to a dashboard component using props, managing form data within a component using state, sharing theme data between components using context, managing...read more

Prop drilling is passing data through multiple levels of components in React. To avoid it, use Context API or Redux.

• Prop drilling occurs when passing data from a parent component to a deeply nested child component through intermediate components.

• To avoid prop drilling, use React's Context API to pass data directly to components without going through intermediary components.

• Another way to avoid prop drilling is by using Redux, a state management library that allows for central...read more

To create a repository in GIT using command prompt, use the 'git init' command.

• Open the command prompt and navigate to the directory where you want to create the repository

• Type 'git init' command to initialize the repository

• Add files to the repository using 'git add' command

• Commit the changes using 'git commit' command

• Create a remote repository on GitHub or any other hosting service

• Add the remote repository using 'git remote add' command

• Push the changes to the remote reposito...read more

Data can be transferred between controllers using various methods such as delegation, notifications, or segues.

• Delegation pattern can be used to transfer data between controllers

• Notifications can be used to broadcast data to multiple controllers

• Segues can be used to pass data between controllers during a transition

• Data can also be stored in a shared data model or database for access by multiple controllers

Things to keep in mind when raising a bug/defect

• Provide a clear and concise description of the bug

• Include steps to reproduce the bug

• Provide screenshots or videos if possible

• Assign the bug to the appropriate team member

• Set the priority and severity of the bug

• Track the bug until it is resolved

GST is a tax reform implemented in India in 2017, impacting finance and accounting.

• GST replaced multiple indirect taxes with a single tax

• It has a multi-stage collection process, with input tax credit

• It impacts pricing, invoicing, and accounting practices

• It requires businesses to register and file regular returns

• It has led to increased digitization and automation in finance and accounting

• Example: GST rate on goods and services varies from 0% to 28%, impacting pricing and profi...read more

Association, Composition and Aggregation are three types of relationships between classes in object-oriented programming.

• Association is a relationship between two classes where one class uses the other class as a parameter or return type.

• Composition is a relationship between two classes where one class owns the other class and is responsible for its creation and destruction.

• Aggregation is a relationship between two classes where one class has a reference to the other class, b...read more

Compatibility testing checks if software works on different platforms, while cross-browser testing checks if it works on different browsers.

• Compatibility testing ensures software works on different operating systems, hardware, and software configurations.

• Cross-browser testing ensures software works on different web browsers and their versions.

• Compatibility testing is broader in scope than cross-browser testing.

• Examples of compatibility testing include testing on different dev...read more

Comparator is used to compare objects of different classes while Comparable is used to compare objects of the same class.

• Comparator is an interface that needs to be implemented to compare objects of different classes.

• Comparable is an interface that needs to be implemented to compare objects of the same class.

• Comparator uses compare() method while Comparable uses compareTo() method.

• Comparator can be used to sort a collection in any order while Comparable can only sort in natur...read more

There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question as it depends on the specific project requirements.

• ORMs like Hibernate are popular for Java projects

• Django ORM is widely used for Python projects

• Entity Framework is commonly used for .NET projects

• Consider factors like performance, ease of use, and community support when choosing an ORM

• Ultimately, the best ORM is the one that fits the project's specific needs

Clustered index is only one for a table to ensure efficient data retrieval and storage.

• Clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table.

• Only one clustered index can be created per table.

• It is recommended to choose a column with unique and sequential values as the clustered index.

• Clustered index is used for range searches and sorting.

• Non-clustered indexes can be created for additional search paths.

Code in Go to find kth minimum element from a given list of numbers.

• Sort the list of numbers in ascending order

• Return the kth element from the sorted list