4500+ Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

A program to convert numbers into their English word representation, handling numbers from 1 to infinity.

• Use a recursive function to break down numbers into manageable parts.

• Handle special cases for numbers like 11-19 (e.g., eleven, twelve).

• Use arrays or dictionaries to map numbers to words for efficiency.

• Example: 1543 is broken down into 1000 + 500 + 40 + 3, resulting in 'one thousand five hundred forty three'.

Use dynamic SQL to create table view with more than 60 columns for different profiles

• Use dynamic SQL to generate the CREATE VIEW statement based on the profile requirements

• Iterate through the profile columns and add them to the CREATE VIEW statement dynamically

• Consider using a loop or a mapping function to handle the large number of columns efficiently

ASP.NET is a web development framework while ASP.NET MVC is a design pattern for building web applications.

• ASP.NET is a web development framework that follows a Web Forms model, where the UI and logic are tightly coupled.

• ASP.NET MVC is a design pattern that separates the UI and logic, providing better maintainability and testability.

• MVC allows for more control over the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, making it easier to create responsive and interactive web applications.

• ASP.NET MV...read more

Find duplicate numbers in an unsorted array and return the array.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of seen numbers using a hash table.

• If a number is already in the hash table, it is a duplicate.

• Add the duplicate number to a new array and return it.

Interview question for Senior Software Engineer covering various topics.

• Palindrome program using string reversal or iteration

• Missing number program using arithmetic formula or iteration

• Disposable pattern for managing resources

• ASP.NET MVC basics including routing and controllers

• SQL Server query optimization techniques

• Scrum methodology and its ceremonies

Abstract classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and can have both abstract and non-abstract methods. Interfaces are contracts that define the methods that a class must implement.

• Abstract classes can have constructors while interfaces cannot

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class

• Abstract classes can have instance variables while interfaces cannot

• Interfaces can have default methods while abstract classes cannot

• Abstract cla...read more

To handle 1000 record updates with one callout each, use batch processing and asynchronous methods to optimize performance.

• Use batch processing to group records and reduce the number of callouts.

• Implement asynchronous processing (e.g., using future methods or queueable Apex) to handle callouts without hitting limits.

• Consider using a scheduled job to process records in smaller batches over time.

• Utilize error handling and logging to manage failed callouts and retries effectivel...read more

Strings in C# are immutable to ensure data integrity and thread safety.

• Immutable strings prevent accidental data modification, ensuring data integrity.

• To resolve immutability, use StringBuilder class for mutable string operations.

• Example: StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Hello"); sb.Append(" World");

Index hunting helps improve query performance by reducing the number of rows that need to be scanned.

• Indexes allow the database to quickly locate the rows that satisfy a query criteria.

• By using indexes, the database can avoid scanning the entire table, leading to faster query execution.

• Examples of indexes include primary keys, unique keys, and indexes on frequently queried columns.

Services in Angular are singleton objects that provide functionality to components. They can be called using dependency injection.

• Services are used to share data and functionality across multiple components

• They can be created using the 'ng generate service' command

• Services can be injected into components using the constructor

• To call a service API, use Angular's HttpClient module

• Data can be bound to components using property binding or two-way binding

Programs to count frequency of characters in a string, check if a number is power of 3, and SQL query to get highest salary employees by country.

• For frequencyOfChars, use a HashMap to store character counts and iterate through the string.

• For isPowerOf3, keep dividing the number by 3 until it becomes 1 or not divisible by 3.

• For SQL query, use a subquery to get max salary for each country and join with Emp table.

• Example SQL query: SELECT e1.* FROM Emp e1 JOIN (SELECT Country, M...read more

To convert a CSV file to an Apache file and load it to an S3 bucket, use Apache NiFi for data transformation and AWS SDK for S3 upload.

• Use Apache NiFi to read the CSV file, transform it into Apache format, and write it to a local directory.

• Configure an Apache NiFi processor to upload the transformed file to an S3 bucket using AWS SDK.

• Set up appropriate permissions and credentials for the S3 bucket access.

• Monitor the Apache NiFi flow for successful file conversion and upload t...read more

Calculate maximum profit from stock prices by buying low and selling high within a week.

• Iterate through the prices while keeping track of the minimum price seen so far.

• For each price, calculate potential profit by subtracting the minimum price from the current price.

• Update the maximum profit if the calculated profit is greater than the current maximum.

• Example: For prices [2,1,4,5,7,3,6], buy at 1 and sell at 7 for a profit of 6.

I am currently working on a web application for a retail company using React, Node.js, and MongoDB.

• Developing a responsive UI using React and Redux

• Implementing server-side logic using Node.js and Express

• Storing and retrieving data using MongoDB

• Integrating third-party APIs for payment processing and shipping

• Writing automated tests using Jest and Enzyme

Interface defines only method signatures while abstract class can have method implementations.

• An interface can be implemented by multiple classes while a class can extend only one abstract class.

• An abstract class can have instance variables while an interface cannot.

• An abstract class can have constructors while an interface cannot.

• An abstract class can provide default implementations for some methods while an interface cannot.

• Example: An interface for a shape can have a metho...read more

Program to find second max in a list and its time complexity

• Sort the list in descending order and return the second element

• Traverse the list and keep track of the maximum and second maximum elements

• Time complexity: O(n)

Yes, multiple exceptions can be caught in a single catch block separated by commas.

• Multiple exceptions can be caught in a single catch block separated by commas.

• This can be useful when handling different types of exceptions in a similar way.

• For example: catch (IOException | SQLException ex) { // handle exception }

The life cycle of a thread in Java involves creation, running, blocking, and termination.

• A thread is created by instantiating a class that extends Thread or implements Runnable interface.

• The thread starts running when the start() method is called, executing the run() method.

• A thread can be blocked by calling sleep(), wait(), or join() methods.

• A thread terminates when the run() method completes or when stop() method is called.

Use a common method like using CTE with ROW_NUMBER() function to delete duplicates from a table in SQL Server.

• Use a common table expression (CTE) with ROW_NUMBER() function to assign a unique row number to each duplicate record.

• Delete the duplicate records by filtering out rows with row number greater than 1.

• Example: WITH CTE AS (SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY column1, column2 ORDER BY column3) AS rn FROM table_name) DELETE FROM CTE WHERE rn > 1;

Acknowledge the client's feedback, clarify their concerns, and propose solutions to ensure their needs are met effectively.

• Listen actively to the client's concerns to understand their perspective.

• Ask clarifying questions to ensure you fully grasp the issue.

• Provide potential solutions or alternatives based on their feedback.

• Reassure the client that their satisfaction is a priority and you are committed to resolving the issue.

No, assigning null to an array makes it empty and its length becomes 0.

• Assigning null to an array makes it empty.

• The length of an empty array is 0.

• Trying to access length property of null will result in an error.

GCD stands for Greatest Common Divisor. It is the largest positive integer that divides two or more numbers without leaving a remainder.

• GCD is used to find the highest common factor between two or more numbers.

• It is often used in mathematical calculations and algorithms.

• GCD can be calculated using various methods like Euclidean algorithm or prime factorization.

• Example: GCD of 12 and 18 is 6, as 6 is the largest number that divides both 12 and 18 without leaving a remainder.

Clustered index physically reorders the data in the table while non-clustered index does not.

• Clustered index determines the physical order of data in the table, while non-clustered index does not.

• A table can have only one clustered index, but multiple non-clustered indexes.

• Clustered index is faster for retrieval but slower for insert and update operations, while non-clustered index is the opposite.

• Example: Primary key in a table is usually implemented as a clustered index, wh...read more

The command to import a pre-exported Docker image into another Docker host is 'docker load'

• Use the 'docker load' command followed by the file path of the exported image tarball to import it into the Docker host

• For example, 'docker load < my_image.tar.gz' will import the image from the file 'my_image.tar.gz'

• Ensure that you have the necessary permissions to access the file and import images on the target Docker host

Dependency Injection (DI) is a design pattern used to implement IoC, allowing for better code modularity and testing.

• DI allows a class to receive its dependencies from an external source rather than creating them internally.

• It promotes loose coupling between classes, making the code easier to manage and test.

• In Angular, DI is implemented using the @Injectable decorator and constructor parameters.

• Example: A service can be injected into a component, allowing the component to us...read more

Express.js is a popular Node.js web framework used for building web applications. Body-parser is a middleware used to parse incoming request bodies.

• Express.js is a minimal and flexible Node.js web application framework that provides a robust set of features for web and mobile applications.

• It provides a way to handle HTTP requests and responses, routing, middleware, and more.

• Body-parser is a middleware used to parse incoming request bodies in a middleware before your handlers,...read more

interrupted() checks if the current thread has been interrupted, while isInterrupted() checks if a thread has been interrupted.

• interrupted() is a static method in the Thread class, while isInterrupted() is an instance method.

• interrupted() clears the interrupted status of the current thread, while isInterrupted() does not.

• Example: Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); System.out.println(Thread.interrupted()); // prints true

• Example: Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); System.out....read more