4500+ Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

JIT compiles code at runtime while AOT compiles code during build time.

• JIT stands for Just-In-Time compilation and compiles code at runtime.

• AOT stands for Ahead-Of-Time compilation and compiles code during build time.

• JIT is used in development mode while AOT is used in production mode.

• JIT compiles templates and components on the fly while AOT compiles them before runtime.

• AOT generates smaller and faster code compared to JIT.

Multithreading is the execution of multiple threads of a single process, while multiprocessing is the execution of multiple processes.

• Multithreading involves multiple threads within a single process, while multiprocessing involves multiple processes.

• Multithreading shares the same memory space, while multiprocessing has separate memory spaces.

• Multithreading is suitable for I/O-bound tasks, while multiprocessing is suitable for CPU-bound tasks.

• Multithreading is more efficient i...read more

Partial is a method in MVC that renders a specific portion of a view, while render partial renders a partial view.

• Partial is used to render a specific portion of a view, while render partial is used to render a partial view.

• Partial is typically used within a view to render a reusable component, while render partial is used to render a separate partial view.

• Partial can be used with parameters to pass data to the partial view, while render partial can also specify a different l...read more

A 10x10 cube has 600 edges.

• A cube has 12 edges, so a 10x10 cube would have 12 edges on each of its 6 faces.

• 12 edges x 6 faces = 72 edges for the entire cube.

• However, each edge is shared by two faces, so we need to divide by 2 to get the total number of unique edges.

• 72 edges / 2 = 36 unique edges on the outer surface of the cube.

• Since the cube has 10x10x10 = 1000 unit cubes, each with 12 edges, we need to subtract the edges on the inner cubes.

• 1000 unit cubes x 12 edges = 12000...read more

Data seeding in Entity Framework involves pre-populating database tables with initial data. Mapping tables with entities involves defining relationships between database tables and entity classes.

• Data seeding in Entity Framework can be done using the 'Seed' method in the 'Configuration' class of the DbContext.

• To map tables with entities, use data annotations or Fluent API to define relationships between entities and database tables.

• For example, using data annotations like [Ta...read more

Design an application with libraries and methodologies, including test cases for various scenarios.

• Use MVC architecture for separation of concerns, e.g., Model for data, View for UI, Controller for business logic.

• Implement RESTful APIs using Express.js for backend services, allowing easy integration with frontend frameworks.

• Utilize React for building a dynamic user interface, enhancing user experience with component-based architecture.

• Incorporate unit testing with Jest to ens...read more

The question asks to find the memory of a given structure by considering struct padding.

• Struct padding refers to the unused bytes added to align the members of a structure.

• To find the memory of a structure, we need to consider the size of each member and the padding added.

• The total memory of a structure is the sum of the sizes of its members and the padding.

To add an element to a complete binary tree, insert it at the next available position, maintaining the complete structure.

• 1. Identify the next available position in the tree, which is the leftmost empty spot at the last level.

• 2. Use a queue or array to keep track of nodes for level-order traversal to find the insertion point.

• 3. Insert the new element as a child of the last node in the queue or array.

• 4. If the last level is full, add a new level and insert the element as the l...read more

A servlet processes requests using lifecycle methods; init, service, and destroy are key in handling multiple requests.

• init(): Called once when the servlet is first loaded; initializes resources. Example: Database connections.

• service(): Called for each request; handles the request and response. Example: Processing user input.

• destroy(): Called once when the servlet is taken out of service; cleans up resources. Example: Closing database connections.

• For 10 requests, init() is ca...read more

Establishing a connection to an Oracle database in Java involves using JDBC for data insertion and management.

• JDBC Driver: Use the Oracle JDBC driver (ojdbc8.jar) to connect to the database. Example: Class.forName('oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver');

• Connection String: Create a connection using DriverManager. Example: Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection('jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe', 'username', 'password');

• PreparedStatement: Use PreparedStatement for executin...read more

The start() method initiates a new thread, while run() contains the code executed by that thread. Yield() suggests thread scheduling.

• start() creates a new thread and invokes the run() method in that thread.

• run() contains the code that will be executed by the thread.

• yield() is a static method that hints the thread scheduler to pause the current thread and allow others to execute.

• Example: Calling thread1.start() will execute thread1.run() in a new thread.

• Example: If thread1 cal...read more

Standard document types in SO and billing

• Sales Order (SO)

• Invoice

• Credit Memo

• Purchase Order

• Delivery Note

GC stands for Garbage Collection. It is an automatic memory management process in programming languages.

• GC is responsible for reclaiming memory that is no longer in use by the program.

• It identifies and frees up memory occupied by objects that are no longer reachable.

• GC has different algorithms like Mark and Sweep, Copying, and Generational.

• The life cycle of an object involves creation, usage, and eventual garbage collection.

• GC can be triggered by various conditions like memor...read more

SDLC and STLC, list vs tuple, assert vs verify

• SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is a process followed to develop software

• STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) is a process followed to test software

• List and tuple are both data structures in Python, but list is mutable while tuple is immutable

• Assert is used to check if a condition is true, while verify is used to check if a web element is present

• Both assert and verify are used in automated testing

• Example: assert 2+2 == 4, ver...read more

Create Linked List without using internal library and provide add, delete, find functionality.

• Create a Node class with data and next pointer

• Create a LinkedList class with head pointer and methods to add, delete, and find nodes

• Use a loop to traverse the list and perform operations

• Handle edge cases such as adding to an empty list or deleting the head node

To create a high performant event driver microservice, we need to focus on efficient event handling and scalability.

• Use asynchronous event-driven architecture

• Choose a lightweight and efficient framework like Node.js or Go

• Implement caching and load balancing techniques

• Optimize database queries and use NoSQL databases for faster data retrieval

• Use containerization and orchestration tools like Docker and Kubernetes for scalability

• Implement monitoring and logging to identify and r...read more

Conventional URLs use query parameters while attribute URLs use route parameters in .NET Core Web API.

• Conventional URLs use query parameters to pass data in the URL, while attribute URLs use route parameters in the route template.

• Conventional URLs are more flexible as they allow for optional parameters, while attribute URLs are more rigid in their structure.

• Attribute URLs are more readable and provide a cleaner way to define routes in the code.

• Example: Conventional URL - /api...read more

Access modifiers in C# control the visibility and accessibility of classes, methods, and other members.

• Public - accessible from any other class or assembly

• Private - accessible only within the same class

• Protected - accessible within the same class or derived classes

• Internal - accessible within the same assembly

• Protected Internal - accessible within the same assembly or derived classes

Different categories of exceptions and examples of checked and unchecked exceptions.

• Different categories of exceptions are checked and unchecked exceptions.

• Checked exceptions are checked at compile-time and must be handled by the programmer.

• Examples of checked exceptions are IOException, SQLException, and ClassNotFoundException.

• Unchecked exceptions are not checked at compile-time and can be handled at runtime.

• Examples of unchecked exceptions are NullPointerException, ArrayInd...read more

The default port of Tomcat in Spring Boot is 8080.

• The default port can be changed in the application.properties file by setting server.port property.

• To run the Spring Boot application on a different port, you can specify the port number as a command line argument.

• For example, to run the application on port 9090, you can use the command: java -jar -Dserver.port=9090 myapp.jar

Migration scripts help in updating the database schema when changes are made to the code first model.

• Migration scripts are used to update the database schema to match the code first model

• They help in keeping the database schema in sync with the code first model

• They are executed automatically when the application starts or manually using the Package Manager Console

• They can be used to add, modify or delete database objects like tables, columns, indexes, etc.

• They can be versione...read more

T4 templates are used to generate code or text files based on a template and input data.

• T4 templates automate repetitive code generation tasks.

• They can be used to generate code for data access layers, service layers, or UI components.

• T4 templates can also be used to generate configuration files or documentation.

• They provide a way to separate the logic from the generated output.

• T4 templates support customizing the generated code based on input parameters or conditions.

HashSet is an unordered collection that uses hashing to store elements, while TreeSet is a sorted collection that uses a binary search tree.

• HashSet does not maintain any order of elements, while TreeSet maintains elements in sorted order.

• HashSet allows null values, while TreeSet does not allow null values.

• HashSet has constant time complexity for basic operations like add, remove, and contains, while TreeSet has logarithmic time complexity.

• HashSet is generally faster for addin...read more

To ensure maintainability, I follow coding best practices, use version control, write clean and modular code, document thoroughly, and conduct regular code reviews.

• Follow coding best practices such as SOLID principles and design patterns

• Use version control system like Git to track changes and collaborate with team members

• Write clean and modular code to make it easier to understand and update

• Thoroughly document code, including comments and README files

• Conduct regular code revi...read more

Split an array into subarrays with a maximum of k elements each.

• Iterate through the array and create subarrays of size k.

• Use a loop to slice the array into chunks of size k.

• Example: For array [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] and k=2, output is [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]].

• Edge cases: If k is 0, return an empty list. If array is empty, return an empty list.

CTE is better for complex queries, temp tables for large data sets.

• CTE is more efficient for recursive queries and can improve readability.

• Temp tables are better for large data sets and can be indexed for faster performance.

• Consider the complexity and size of the data when choosing between CTE and temp tables.

Data can be transferred between components using props, state, context, or Redux.

• Props: pass data from parent to child components

• State: manage data within a component

• Context: share data between components without passing props

• Redux: manage global state for the entire application

• Examples: passing user data from a login component to a dashboard component using props, managing form data within a component using state, sharing theme data between components using context, managing...read more