3500+ Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Types of lookups in Datastage include Normal Lookup, Sparse Lookup, and Sparse Join. Lookup failure join conditions include Inner Join, Left Outer Join, Right Outer Join, and Full Outer Join.

• Normal Lookup: Matches input data with reference data and returns matching records.

• Sparse Lookup: Similar to Normal Lookup but does not return any records if no match is found.

• Sparse Join: Combines input data with reference data based on matching conditions.

• Lookup failure join conditions:...read more

List is an ordered collection of elements, while a Dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs.

• List maintains elements in a specific order, while Dictionary stores key-value pairs where keys are unique.

• Accessing elements in a List is done by index, while accessing values in a Dictionary is done by key.

• Example: List - [1, 2, 3], Dictionary - {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM, useState is a hook for managing state in functional components, and Hooks are functions that let you use state and other React features in functional components.

• Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM that React uses to improve performance by updating only the necessary parts of the actual DOM.

• useState is a hook in React that allows functional components to have state. It returns an array with the current state ...read more

Realtime state management techniques include WebSockets, Server-Sent Events, and GraphQL Subscriptions.

• WebSockets allow bidirectional communication between client and server, enabling real-time updates.

• Server-Sent Events allow the server to push updates to the client without the client having to request them.

• GraphQL Subscriptions allow clients to subscribe to specific data and receive updates when that data changes.

• Other techniques include polling, long polling, and Comet.

Steps for updating a build and performing rollback

• Create a backup of the current build before making any changes

• Update the build with the necessary changes and test thoroughly

• If issues are found, identify the cause and plan for rollback

• Rollback by restoring the backup of the previous build

• Communicate the rollback to the team and document the process

There are 10 modules in the project that communicate with each other using REST APIs and message queues.

• There are 10 modules in the project

• Communication is done using REST APIs and message queues

• Each module has defined endpoints for communication

Calling stored procedures in code first approach and code first migration

• Use Entity Framework to call stored procedures in code first approach

• Create a DbContext class with DbSet properties for entities and DbSets for stored procedures

• Use the Database.SqlQuery method to execute stored procedures in code first migration

Delegates are a type-safe function pointer used to encapsulate a method.

• Delegates allow methods to be passed as parameters to other methods.

• They can be used to implement callbacks and event handlers.

• Delegates can be chained together to create a pipeline of method calls.

• They are commonly used in .NET framework for event handling and LINQ queries.

Handling exceptions in microservices, config server, ClassNotFoundException vs NoClassDefException

• 1. Exception handling in microservices involves using try-catch blocks to catch and handle exceptions at the service level.

• 2. Config server is a centralized server that stores configuration information for microservices, allowing them to retrieve configurations at runtime.

• 3. ClassNotFoundException occurs when a class is not found at runtime, while NoClassDefFoundError occurs when...read more

Improving Front End System Performance

• Optimize images and reduce their size

• Minimize HTTP requests and use caching

• Use lazy loading for images and videos

• Reduce the number of DOM elements

• Use a Content Delivery Network (CDN)

• Minimize the use of external scripts and plugins

• Use asynchronous loading for scripts

• Optimize CSS and JavaScript files

• Use browser caching

• Implement server-side rendering

On-premises servers can be connected to the Cloud using VPN or Direct Connect.

• Use a VPN to establish a secure connection between on-premises servers and the Cloud.

• Direct Connect can be used for a dedicated, private connection between on-premises servers and the Cloud.

• Ensure proper network configuration and security measures are in place.

• Examples of VPN solutions include OpenVPN, Cisco AnyConnect, and AWS VPN.

• Examples of Direct Connect providers include AWS Direct Connect and ...read more

Inline elements are elements that do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary. Block elements are elements that start on a new line and take up the full width available.

• Inline elements include <span>, <a>, <strong>, <em>, <img>, <input>, <button>

• Block elements include <div>, <p>, <h1> - <h6>, <ul>, <ol>, <li>, <table>, <form>

Address the issue directly with the peer and offer support and guidance to help improve their performance.

• Have a one-on-one conversation with the peer to discuss their performance and identify any challenges they may be facing.

• Provide constructive feedback and offer resources or training to help them improve.

• Set clear expectations and goals for improvement, and follow up regularly to track progress.

• Offer mentorship or pair programming sessions to help the peer learn and grow....read more

Delegate is a type that represents references to methods with a specific parameter list and return type.

• Delegates are similar to function pointers in C++.

• They are used to achieve loose coupling and separation of concerns.

• There are two types of delegates: singlecast and multicast.

• Singlecast delegates can hold references to a single method.

• Multicast delegates can hold references to multiple methods.

• Delegates are commonly used in event handling and callback scenarios.

Session management, design patterns, OOP concepts, C#, JavaScript, jQuery, LINQ

• Session management types: in-process, out-of-process, database, cookie-based

• Design patterns: Singleton, Factory, Observer, MVC

• OOP concepts: Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, Abstraction

• C#: Strongly typed language, supports object-oriented programming

• JavaScript: Dynamic scripting language, used for client-side web development

• jQuery: JavaScript library for simplifying HTML document traversal ...read more

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or application to identify any defects or errors.

• Testing involves executing a system or application to ensure it meets specified requirements.

• Types of testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.

• Testing helps identify bugs, defects, and issues in software before it is released to users.

• Automated testing tools like Selenium, JUnit, and TestNG are commonly used in industry.

• Testing is ess...read more

Service is a software component that performs a specific task. Job scheduler and work manager are types of services used in software development.

• A service is a self-contained component that performs a specific task.

• Types of services include web services, microservices, and background services.

• Job scheduler is a service that schedules and executes jobs at specific times or intervals.

• Work manager is a service that manages and prioritizes work requests.

• Job scheduler is time-base...read more

Find duplicates in list and create dictionary with character count in string.

• Iterate through the list and use a dictionary to keep track of character count.

• For each string in the list, iterate through the characters and add them to the dictionary.

• If the character already exists in the dictionary, increment its count.

• If the character does not exist in the dictionary, add it with a count of 1.

• Finally, iterate through the dictionary and print out the characters and their counts.

Finding second largest element in an array without sorting using hash set.

• Create a hash set and iterate through the array, adding each element to the set.

• Initialize two variables to keep track of the largest and second largest elements.

• Iterate through the set and compare each element to the largest and second largest variables.

• Return the second largest variable.

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a subclass acquires the properties and behaviors of its parent class.

• Inheritance allows for code reuse and promotes a hierarchical organization of code.

• The child class can override or extend the properties and behaviors inherited from the parent class.

• Inheritance can be single, multiple, or multilevel depending on the number of parent classes involved.

• Example: A class Animal can be a parent class for subclasses l...read more

I have worked on various functional areas and platforms including Java, Python, and AWS.

• I have experience in developing software using Java and Python programming languages.

• I have worked on AWS platform for developing and deploying software applications.

• I have expertise in developing web applications using frameworks like Spring and Django.

• I have experience in working with databases like MySQL and MongoDB.

• I have worked on various software development methodologies like Agile ...read more

Answers to technical questions related to software engineering

• Middleware is software that connects different software applications

• An example of middleware in Express js is body-parser

• To consume API from React with Hooks, use the useEffect hook and fetch API

• Database design should include tables, relationships, and data types

• Service workers in JavaScript allow for offline functionality and caching

Yes, I am currently using VPC in some of my AWS lambda projects.

• I have set up VPC configurations to control access to my Lambda functions

• I have used VPC endpoints to securely access AWS services from my Lambda functions

• I have configured security groups and network ACLs within the VPC for added security

A Trie is a tree-like data structure used for efficient retrieval of strings. It supports insertion and search operations.

• A Trie is also known as a prefix tree.

• Each node in the Trie represents a character.

• The root node represents an empty string.

• Each node can have multiple children, each representing a different character.

• Insertion involves traversing the Trie and creating new nodes as needed.

• Search involves traversing the Trie and checking if the desired string exists.

• Tries ...read more

The question asks to find the memory of a given structure by considering struct padding.

• Struct padding refers to the unused bytes added to align the members of a structure.

• To find the memory of a structure, we need to consider the size of each member and the padding added.

• The total memory of a structure is the sum of the sizes of its members and the padding.

Microservices can efficiently communicate through APIs, message queues, and event-driven architectures.

• Use APIs to define clear interfaces and enable communication between microservices.

• Implement message queues to decouple services and enable asynchronous communication.

• Adopt event-driven architectures to enable real-time communication and scalability.

• Consider using service meshes for service discovery, load balancing, and traffic management.

• Implement circuit breakers and retr...read more

OOPS features can be achieved by implementing concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Inheritance can be used to create a new class from an existing class, inheriting its properties and methods.

• Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms, depending on the context in which they are used.

• Encapsulation involves hiding the implementation details of a class from the outside world, and only exposing a public interface.

• Abstraction involves c...read more

Code to find the position of a number in a BST

• Implement a recursive function to traverse the BST

• Compare the target number with the current node value

• If the target is smaller, go to the left subtree; if larger, go to the right subtree

• Repeat until the target is found or the subtree is null

APIs are used for direct communication between systems, while event driven systems are used for asynchronous communication based on events.

• Use APIs when you need direct communication between systems, such as retrieving data from a database or integrating with a third-party service.

• Depend on event driven systems when you want to trigger actions based on events, such as user interactions or system notifications.

• APIs are synchronous, while event driven systems are asynchronous.

• A...read more

Style in XAML is a way to define and apply visual properties to UI elements.

• Style in XAML is a collection of property setters that can be applied to multiple UI elements.

• Styles can be defined in a resource dictionary and then referenced by multiple elements.

• Styles can be applied globally to all elements of a certain type or selectively to specific elements.

• Styles can be used to maintain consistency in the visual appearance of an application.

• Example:

Odoo is an open-source business management software that includes a suite of integrated applications for various business needs.

• Odoo is a comprehensive suite of business applications including CRM, e-commerce, accounting, inventory, and more.

• Inherit is used in Odoo to modify an existing view or model, while inherits is used to inherit the behavior of another class in Python.

• Inherit in Odoo allows customization of existing modules without modifying the original code, while inh...read more

Yes, I have experience handling bugs in production and logging errors.

• I have worked on various projects where I had to handle bugs in production.

• I follow a systematic approach to log errors, starting with identifying the root cause.

• I use logging frameworks like Log4j or ELK stack to capture and store error logs.

• I prioritize critical errors and ensure they are immediately addressed.

• I also implement automated error monitoring and alerting systems.

• Regularly reviewing error logs ...read more

Handle exceptions in stored procedures by using TRY-CATCH blocks.

• Use TRY-CATCH blocks to catch and handle exceptions

• Log the error message and severity level

• Rollback the transaction if necessary

• Rethrow the error if it cannot be handled

• Use RAISERROR to raise custom error messages

Dockerfile is used to build a Docker image, while Docker Compose is used to define and run multi-container Docker applications.

• Dockerfile is a script that contains instructions to build a Docker image.

• Docker Compose is a YAML file that defines a multi-container Docker application.

• Dockerfile is used to create a single container, while Docker Compose is used to create and manage multiple containers.

• Dockerfile is used to specify the base image, add dependencies, and configure th...read more

The process for building and deploying SPFx solutions involves development, packaging, and deployment steps.

• Develop the SPFx solution using web technologies like TypeScript, React, and CSS.

• Package the solution using the SharePoint Framework toolchain.

• Deploy the packaged solution to the SharePoint app catalog or directly to a site collection.

• Test the solution in the SharePoint environment to ensure functionality and compatibility.

Fetch data from API and render on UI using httpclient module

• Create an instance of httpclient module

• Use httpclient to make a GET request to API endpoint

• Parse the response data and render on UI

Data view and List view are different ways of presenting data. Data view focuses on individual records, while List view displays multiple records in a tabular format.

• Data view presents data in a detailed manner, showing all the fields and values of a single record.

• List view displays multiple records in a condensed format, usually in a table with selected fields.

• Data view is useful for examining and editing individual records, while List view is helpful for quickly scanning an...read more

Generator generates values on the fly while iterator iterates over a collection of values.

• Generator is a function that returns an iterator.

• Generators use 'yield' keyword to return values one at a time.

• Iterators are objects that implement the 'next' method to return the next value in a collection.

• Iterators can be created from arrays, strings, maps, sets, etc.

• Generators are useful for generating large sequences of values without having to store them in memory.

• Iterators are usef...read more

I am an excellent problem solver with a keen interest in algorithm design and optimization.

• I enjoy breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable components.

• I have experience in developing efficient algorithms for data processing and analysis.

• I am always looking for ways to optimize code and improve performance.

• I am interested in exploring new technologies and frameworks to solve problems in innovative ways.

Authentication in .NET involves using various authentication mechanisms such as Forms Authentication, Windows Authentication, and OAuth.

• Use Forms Authentication for web applications

• Use Windows Authentication for intranet applications

• Use OAuth for third-party authentication

• Implement authentication using ASP.NET Identity

• Use secure password storage mechanisms such as hashing and salting

Global exceptions in .Net can be handled using try-catch blocks and application-level exception handlers.

• Use try-catch blocks to handle exceptions at the method level

• Use application-level exception handlers to handle exceptions globally

• Use the Application_Error event in Global.asax to handle unhandled exceptions

• Log exceptions to a file or database for debugging purposes

• Display user-friendly error messages to the user