3500+ Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver is used to instantiate a new Chrome browser instance.

• WebDriver is an interface used to automate web browsers.

• ChromeDriver is a class that implements WebDriver interface for Chrome browser.

• The 'new' keyword is used to create a new instance of the ChromeDriver class.

• The instantiated driver object can be used to control the Chrome browser programmatically.

Code to give rating in webtable for given applicant name and rating as input.

• Create a function that takes applicant name and rating as input.

• Search for the applicant name in the webtable.

• Update the rating for the applicant in the webtable.

• Return the updated webtable.

jQuery post is a shorthand method for Ajax post in MVC.

• jQuery post is a shorthand method for Ajax post in MVC

• jQuery post uses the $.post() method while Ajax post uses $.ajax() method

• jQuery post is simpler and easier to use than Ajax post

• Both methods are used to send data to the server without reloading the page

MVVM is a design pattern that separates UI from business logic. Live data is observable data that updates UI automatically.

• MVC separates UI, business logic, and data. MVVM adds a ViewModel layer to handle UI logic.

• Live data is a type of observable data that updates UI automatically when the data changes.

• MVVM and Live data are commonly used in Android development with the Android Architecture Components.

• MVC is commonly used in web development with frameworks like Ruby on Rails...read more

Components used in deploying previous projects in AWS

• Amazon EC2 instances

• Amazon S3 buckets

• Amazon RDS databases

• Elastic Load Balancers

• Auto Scaling Groups

• Amazon CloudFront

• AWS Lambda functions

• Amazon ECS containers

Callbacks hell is a situation where nested callbacks make code hard to read and maintain. Promises, observables, and async/await are solutions to this problem.

• Callbacks hell occurs when there are too many nested callbacks in code.

• Promises are a way to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• Observables are similar to promises but can handle multiple values over time.

• Async/await is a syntax for writing asynchronous code that looks like synchronous code.

Event bubbling is the propagation of events from the target element up through its ancestors in the DOM tree.

• Events triggered on a child element will 'bubble up' and trigger on parent elements.

• Event listeners can be attached to parent elements to handle events from multiple child elements.

• Stopping event propagation can be done using event.stopPropagation() or event.stopImmediatePropagation().

Microservices communicate via APIs, sprint planning involves breaking down stories, Java version features are utilized in programs.

• Microservices communicate through APIs, allowing them to interact with each other independently.

• Sprint planning involves breaking down user stories into smaller tasks to be completed within a sprint.

• Java version features such as lambda expressions, streams, and modules are utilized in software development.

• Examples: Using REST APIs for microservice...read more

Questions related to web development and architecture

• Session is a way to store user-specific data on the server-side

• Session can be stored in-memory, on the server's file system, or in a database

• 3-tier architecture separates presentation, application logic, and data storage

• 3-layered architecture separates presentation, business logic, and data access

• SOA is a design pattern where software components communicate with each other through services

• WebApi is a framework for building ...read more

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent and manipulate data.

• OOP is based on the concept of classes and objects.

• It allows for encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation hides the internal details of an object and provides a public interface.

• Inheritance allows classes to inherit properties and methods from other classes.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common supercl...read more

Interview questions for Senior Software Engineer on linked lists, exception handling, and OOP concepts.

• For adding a node in a linked list, create a new node and point it to the next node in the list.

• For deleting a node, find the node to be deleted and point the previous node to the next node.

• Try-catch blocks are used for handling exceptions in code.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.

• Function overloading is when mult...read more

To make an object immutable, use final keyword for fields and provide only getters. To make a collection immutable, use Collections.unmodifiableList() or similar methods.

• Use final keyword for fields in the object to prevent them from being modified

• Provide only getters for the fields to ensure they cannot be changed externally

• For collections within the object, use Collections.unmodifiableList() or similar methods to create an immutable view of the collection

To resolve sb37, increase space by twice and use volume counter to increment extend if needed.

• Increase space by twice at first

• If issue persists, use volume counter to increment extend

• Ensure adequate space is available before running job

I would use websockets for real-time data updates in both web and mobile applications.

• Implement websockets to establish a persistent connection between the server and clients

• Use a pub/sub system to notify clients of data changes

• Update the UI in real-time based on the incoming data

• Optimize data transfer to reduce latency and improve performance

Memory overhead issues can be fixed by optimizing code, reducing unnecessary data, and using efficient data structures.

• Analyze code to identify memory leaks and optimize it

• Reduce unnecessary data by removing unused variables and objects

• Use efficient data structures like arrays instead of linked lists

• Implement caching to reduce memory usage

• Use garbage collection to free up memory

• Consider using a memory profiler to identify memory usage patterns

• Ensure proper memory allocation a...read more

Answering questions related to front-end development challenges and techniques.

• Challenges faced in front-end development projects include browser compatibility issues, performance optimization, and responsive design implementation.

• Real-time examples of Subject and BehaviorSubject in Angular can be demonstrated by creating a chat application where Subject is used for broadcasting messages and BehaviorSubject is used for storing the current chat room.

• Calling multiple APIs using...read more

Find set of numbers from an array that can form nearest sum to the given number.

• Sort the array in ascending order

• Use two pointers approach to find the nearest sum

• Return the set of numbers

In case of bot execution failure, I would identify the root cause and fix it as soon as possible.

• Check the logs to identify the error message and the point of failure

• Analyze the code to identify the root cause of the failure

• Fix the issue and test the bot again to ensure it is working as expected

• Implement measures to prevent similar failures in the future

I have worked on various components in Abinitio including GDE, Co>Operating System, Conduct>It, and EME.

• Graphical Development Environment (GDE)

• Co>Operating System (Co>OS)

• Conduct>It

• Enterprise Metadata Environment (EME)

Rollup is a summary operation that combines multiple values into a single value, while Scan is an incremental operation that applies a function to each element in a sequence.

• Rollup is used to aggregate data and reduce it to a single value, while Scan is used to apply a function to each element in a sequence.

• Rollup typically produces a single output value, while Scan produces a sequence of intermediate values.

• Example: In a list of numbers [1, 2, 3, 4], a Rollup operation could...read more

Reverse a given string and sort an array of strings.

• To reverse a string, iterate through the characters in reverse order and append them to a new string.

• To sort an array of strings, use Arrays.sort() method in Java.

• Example: String str = "hello"; String reversed = ""; for(int i=str.length()-1; i>=0; i--) { reversed += str.charAt(i); }

• Example: String[] arr = {"banana", "apple", "orange"}; Arrays.sort(arr);

Use Datastage transformer stage to remove header and trailer from a file, then use Unix commands to further process the data.

• In Datastage, use a transformer stage to filter out the header and trailer rows based on specific criteria (e.g. row number, content).

• After removing header and trailer in Datastage, use Unix commands like sed or awk to further process the data if needed.

• For example, in Unix you can use 'sed' command to remove specific lines based on line numbers or cont...read more

The 4 pillars of OOP are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods together in a class, hiding internal details.

• Inheritance: creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting properties and behaviors.

• Polymorphism: objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Abstraction: simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, manageable parts.

Methods for creating a REST API with CRUD operations in Java Spring Boot

• Use @RestController annotation to define RESTful web services

• Use @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping, @DeleteMapping annotations for CRUD operations

• Define service layer to handle business logic and interact with database

• Use JpaRepository interface for database operations in Spring Data JPA

• Implement methods for Create, Read, Update, and Delete operations in controller class

Docker is a containerization platform while Kubernetes is a container orchestration tool.

• Docker is used to create, deploy, and run applications in containers.

• Kubernetes is used to manage and orchestrate multiple containers in a cluster.

• Docker provides a way to package and distribute applications in a portable manner.

• Kubernetes provides features like automatic scaling, load balancing, and self-healing.

• Docker is a lower-level technology while Kubernetes is a higher-level techno...read more

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

• Normalization involves breaking down a table into smaller tables and defining relationships between them.

• There are different levels of normalization, with each level reducing redundancy and improving data integrity further.

• Normalization helps to prevent data inconsistencies and anomalies, and makes it easier to maintain and update the database.

• Examples of normalizatio...read more

I am currently earning X amount and I am looking for a salary in the range of Y to Z.

• State your current salary and the salary range you are expecting

• Be realistic and research the market rates for your position

• Consider other benefits and perks besides salary

• Avoid giving a specific number if possible

Qualitative assessment techniques can be used to find the quality of a database.

• Conducting interviews with users to gather feedback on the database's usability and functionality.

• Performing data profiling to identify inconsistencies and errors in the data.

• Analyzing the database's performance metrics to determine its efficiency and effectiveness.

• Reviewing the database's design and architecture to ensure it meets industry standards and best practices.

• Comparing the database to si...read more

Singleton pattern restricts the instantiation of a class to a single instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Create a private constructor to restrict instantiation of the class

• Create a private static instance of the class

• Create a public static method to access the instance

• Ensure thread safety if necessary

• Examples: Database connection, Logger, Configuration settings

Interview questions for Senior Software Engineer position

• To get most used word in a sentence, split the sentence into words and use a hashmap to count the frequency of each word

• DI (Dependency Injection) is a design pattern where objects are passed their dependencies rather than creating them. IOC (Inversion of Control) is a container that manages the dependencies and injects them into the objects

• Predestroy and postconstruct are annotations used in Spring to specify methods th...read more

Java 8 introduced new features for collections including streams, lambda expressions, and default methods.

• Streams allow for efficient processing of large collections.

• Lambda expressions provide a concise way to write code for functional interfaces.

• Default methods allow for adding new methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations.

• New methods were added to existing collection interfaces such as forEach, removeIf, and replaceAll.

• The Optional class was introduced...read more

HDFS is the storage unit in Hadoop, providing fault-tolerant and scalable storage for big data.

• HDFS divides data into blocks and stores them across multiple machines in a cluster.

• It replicates data for fault tolerance, with default replication factor of 3.

• HDFS supports streaming data access and is optimized for large sequential reads.

• It provides high throughput and reliability for big data processing.

• HDFS is suitable for storing and processing large datasets in parallel.

get() method returns null if the object is not found in the cache or database, while load() method throws an exception.

• get() method is eager loading while load() method is lazy loading.

• get() method returns the object from the database or cache while load() method returns a proxy object.

• get() method is slower than load() method.

• get() method is used when we are not sure if the object exists in the database or cache while load() method is used when we are sure that the object ex...read more

Collections are generic classes to store and manipulate groups of objects. Dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs. KeyValuePair is a struct that represents a key-value pair.

• Collections are used to store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs where each key is unique.

• KeyValuePair is a struct that represents a key-value pair and is used in Dictionary.

• Collections and Dictionary are part of System.Collections.Generic namespace in C#.

Generators and decorators are two important features in Python that help in simplifying code and improving performance.

• Generators are functions that can be paused and resumed, allowing for efficient memory usage and lazy evaluation.

• Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions, adding functionality without changing the original code.

• Generators are created using the 'yield' keyword, while decorators use the '@' symbol.

• Examples of decorators include '@sta...read more

UiPath has introduced new features like AI Fabric, Document Understanding, and improved automation capabilities.

• Introduction of AI Fabric for integrating AI models into automation workflows

• Enhanced Document Understanding capabilities for processing unstructured data

• Improved automation capabilities with features like Task Capture and Task Mining

I would start by reproducing the issue, analyzing logs, checking code changes, and using debugging tools.

• Reproduce the issue to understand the exact scenario where the defect occurs.

• Analyze logs to identify any error messages or warnings related to the defect.

• Check recent code changes to see if any recent modifications could have caused the defect.

• Use debugging tools like breakpoints, logging, and profiling to trace the issue in the code.

• Collaborate with team members to brain...read more

I have worked with a variety of tools in previous projects, including IDEs, version control systems, testing frameworks, and build tools.

• IDEs: Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA

• Version Control Systems: Git, SVN

• Testing Frameworks: JUnit, Selenium

• Build Tools: Maven, Gradle