100+ QA Lead Interview Questions and Answers

Test case scenarios for booking a table at a restaurant

• Verify user can search for restaurants based on location and cuisine

• Ensure user can select a date and time for the reservation

• Confirm user can view available tables and select one for booking

• Test that user receives a confirmation email after booking

• Check if user can cancel or modify the reservation

SQL Joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• INNER JOIN: Returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables

• LEFT JOIN: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

• RIGHT JOIN: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table

• FULL JOIN: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables

Functional testing involves testing the functionality of the software to ensure it meets the requirements.

• Identify the functions that the software is expected to perform

• Create test cases based on the functional requirements

• Execute the test cases to verify that the functions work as expected

• Compare the actual results with the expected results

• Report any discrepancies or defects found during testing

Bug leakage is when bugs are found after the software is released to production. Bug release is when bugs are identified and fixed before the software is released.

• Bug leakage occurs when bugs are not identified during testing and are found by users after the software is released.

• Bug release is the process of identifying and fixing bugs before the software is released to production.

• Bug leakage can result in negative user experience and impact the reputation of the software.

• Bug...read more

Path params are part of the URL path, while query params are appended to the URL after a '?'

• Path params are used to identify a specific resource in the URL path, while query params are used to filter or sort the results

• Path params are defined in the URL path itself, like /users/{id}, while query params are added after a '?' like /users?role=admin

• Path params are typically used for required parameters, while query params are used for optional parameters

• Example: Path param - /us...read more

POM is a design pattern in automation testing where web pages are represented as classes, and the interactions are defined as methods.

• POM helps in creating a clear separation between test scripts and page objects.

• It improves test maintenance and readability.

• Page classes contain locators and methods to interact with the elements on the page.

• Test scripts call these methods to perform actions on the page.

• Example: LoginPage.java representing the login page with methods like enter...read more

Update and delete queries in SQL

• For updating a record in a table: UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2 WHERE condition;

• For deleting a record from a table: DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

No, post method should not be used for delete call

• Use the DELETE method for delete calls

• POST method is used for creating resources, not deleting them

Deployment is not part of SDLC

• Deployment

• Maintenance

• Operations

I have experience using a variety of testing tools such as Selenium, Jira, and TestRail.

• Selenium

• Jira

• TestRail

Mobile app testing is the process of testing applications developed for mobile devices to ensure they function correctly and meet user expectations.

• Testing functionality, usability, performance, security, and compatibility of mobile apps

• Ensuring apps work on different devices, operating systems, and network conditions

• Types of testing include functional testing, usability testing, performance testing, security testing, and compatibility testing

• Tools used for mobile app testing...read more

A clustered index is a type of index that determines the physical order of data in a table.

• A table can have only one clustered index.

• It is created on the primary key column by default.

• It speeds up data retrieval operations.

• It is used for range searches and sorting.

• Example: Clustered index on a customer ID column in a sales table.

Data purging is the process of permanently deleting or removing data from a system or database.

• It is done to free up storage space and improve system performance.

• It involves identifying and removing outdated, redundant, or irrelevant data.

• It is important to ensure that sensitive or confidential data is securely deleted.

• Examples include deleting old user accounts, removing expired product listings, and clearing out old log files.

DNS (Domain Name System) is a system that translates domain names to IP addresses.

• DNS helps in translating human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) to IP addresses (like 192.168.1.1).

• It plays a crucial role in facilitating communication over the internet by allowing users to access websites using domain names instead of remembering IP addresses.

• DNS also helps in load balancing, email routing, and other network services.

• Examples of DNS servers include Google DNS (8.8...read more

Parameters in API testing include path parameters, query parameters, header parameters, and body parameters.

• Path parameters are used to identify a specific resource in the URL path, e.g. /users/{id}

• Query parameters are used for filtering or sorting data, e.g. /users?status=active

• Header parameters contain additional information for the request, e.g. Content-Type: application/json

• Body parameters are used to send data in the request body, e.g. {"name": "John", "age": 30}

Test case for category page to ensure proper display and functionality

• Verify all categories are displayed correctly

• Check if clicking on a category redirects to the correct page

• Ensure filters and sorting options work as expected

• Confirm that products within each category are displayed accurately

Merge conflicts can be resolved by pulling the latest changes, resolving conflicts locally, and then pushing the changes.

• Pull the latest changes from the remote repository

• Resolve conflicts locally by editing the conflicting files

• Add the resolved files to the staging area

• Commit the changes with a message explaining the resolution

• Push the changes to the remote repository

Integration testing involves testing the interactions between different components/modules of a system.

• Integration testing verifies that the individual units/modules work together correctly.

• It focuses on testing the interfaces and interactions between components.

• Examples include testing the communication between a front-end and back-end system, or between different microservices.

• Tools like Postman or SoapUI can be used for integration testing.

Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column.

• Types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

A function to count characters in a given string

• Use a loop to iterate through each character in the string

• Use a dictionary to store the count of each character

• Return the dictionary with character counts

Java program to manipulate strings using a pipeline

• Use Java streams to create a pipeline for string manipulation

• Use methods like map, filter, and reduce to perform operations on strings

• Example: Stream.of("hello", "world").map(String::toUpperCase).forEach(System.out::println)

POM stands for Page Object Model, a design pattern to create object repositories for web UI elements. Page Factory is an extension of POM in Selenium.

• POM helps in creating reusable code and reduces code duplication by separating UI locators from test methods.

• Page Factory in Selenium is used to initialize elements of a Page class without using 'FindElement' or 'FindElements' methods.

• Page Factory annotations like @FindBy are used to locate elements in a Page class.

• Using POM and...read more

I have extensive experience working with OMS tools in various projects.

• I have worked with OMS tools such as Splunk, Logstash, and Graylog.

• I have experience in configuring and customizing OMS tools to meet project requirements.

• I have used OMS tools for log analysis, monitoring, and alerting.

• I have also trained team members on using OMS tools effectively.

Use SCP command to copy file from one server to another

• Use SCP command with source file path and destination server address

• Ensure proper permissions are set on both servers

• Example: scp /path/to/file user@destination_server:/path/to/destination

Find the 2nd largest number in an array of strings.

• Convert the strings to numbers before comparing.

• Sort the array in descending order and return the second element.

• Handle edge cases like empty array or array with only one element.

I have 5 years of experience in automation testing using tools like Selenium and have led automation projects for web and mobile applications.

• Led automation projects for web and mobile applications

• Experience with tools like Selenium

• 5 years of automation testing experience

A test plan is a document that outlines the scope, approach, resources, and schedule for testing a software application.

• Defines the objectives and scope of testing

• Describes the test strategy and approach

• Outlines the resources and schedule for testing

• Includes test cases, test scenarios, and test data

• Identifies risks and mitigation strategies

Billing testing functionalities involve verifying the accuracy and reliability of billing processes.

• Verify billing calculations are accurate

• Test different billing scenarios (e.g. discounts, promotions)

• Ensure invoices are generated correctly

• Validate payment processing functionality

Effort estimation best practices involve breaking down tasks, considering past data, involving team members, and using multiple estimation techniques.

• Break down tasks into smaller components for more accurate estimation

• Consider past data and historical trends to inform estimates

• Involve team members in the estimation process for diverse perspectives

• Use multiple estimation techniques such as expert judgment, analogous estimation, and parametric estimation

• Regularly review and up...read more

QA tools are used to automate testing processes and ensure software quality. They are implemented by integrating them into the testing workflow.

• QA tools like Selenium, Jira, and TestRail are commonly used in testing processes.

• Tools are implemented by setting up test cases, scripts, and configurations within the tool.

• Integration with CI/CD pipelines allows for automated testing and continuous monitoring.

• Regular updates and maintenance of tools are necessary to ensure effective...read more

Delete removes specific rows from a table, truncate removes all rows, drop removes the entire table.

• Delete is a DML command used to remove specific rows from a table.

• Truncate is a DDL command used to remove all rows from a table.

• Drop is a DDL command used to remove the entire table structure.

• Example: DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

• Example: TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

• Example: DROP TABLE table_name;

PUT is used to update or replace an existing resource, while POST is used to create a new resource.

• PUT is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests will have the same effect as a single request

• POST is not idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests may have different effects

• PUT is used to update an existing resource at a specific URI

• POST is used to create a new resource under a specific URI

Magento is an open-source e-commerce platform written in PHP.

• Magento is a popular e-commerce platform used for online stores.

• It is written in PHP and utilizes MySQL for database management.

• Magento offers a range of features such as product management, order processing, and customer accounts.

• There are different versions of Magento available, including Magento Open Source (formerly Community Edition) and Magento Commerce (formerly Enterprise Edition).

An epic is a large body of work that is broken down into smaller, more manageable pieces called stories.

• An epic is a high-level user story that is too big to be completed in a single sprint.

• Epics are broken down into smaller stories that can be completed in a single sprint.

• Stories are more detailed and specific than epics, and they describe a single piece of functionality.

• Stories are typically written from the perspective of the end user.

• Epics and stories are used in agile so...read more

Selenium is compatible with multiple programming languages including Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript.

• Java

• Python

• C#

• Ruby

• JavaScript

Test estimation techniques involve various methods to estimate the effort, time, and resources required for testing.

• Expert judgment: Relying on the expertise and experience of the QA team to estimate the effort.

• Analogous estimation: Using historical data from similar projects to estimate the testing effort.

• Parametric estimation: Using mathematical models and formulas to estimate based on project parameters.

• Three-point estimation: Considering optimistic, pessimistic, and most ...read more

Company culture refers to the values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape the work environment.

• Company culture influences how employees interact and collaborate

• It can impact employee morale, productivity, and retention

• Examples include a focus on innovation, work-life balance, or diversity and inclusion initiatives

Experienced QA Lead with a strong background in software testing and quality assurance.

• Over 5 years of experience in QA roles

• Proficient in test planning, execution, and reporting

• Skilled in automation testing tools such as Selenium

• Led successful QA teams in previous roles

Bug cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, fixing, retesting, and closing bugs in a software development project.

• Bug is identified by tester during testing phase

• Bug is reported to development team

• Development team fixes the bug

• Tester retests the bug fix

• If bug is fixed, it is closed

SDLC Process is a structured approach to software development that defines tasks performed at each stage of the software development life cycle.

• SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle

• It includes phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance

• Each phase has specific deliverables and goals to be achieved

• Examples of SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps

STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) is a systematic process for testing software applications.

• STLC involves planning, designing, executing, and reporting on tests throughout the software development lifecycle.

• Key stages include requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• STLC ensures that software meets quality standards and requirements before release.

• Example: In requirement analysis, testers review project requirements to identify test ...read more

To connect strings using Java Selenium, use the concatenation operator (+) or the concat() method.

• Use the concatenation operator (+) to connect strings: String result = str1 + str2;

• Use the concat() method to connect strings: String result = str1.concat(str2);

TestNG is a testing framework for Java that supports various testing levels and annotations.

• TestNG allows for easy configuration of test suites, test cases, and test methods.

• It supports parallel execution of tests, data-driven testing, and parameterization.

• TestNG provides detailed test reports and allows for grouping of test methods.

• Annotations like @Test, @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, etc., help in defining test methods and setup/teardown operations.

QA Process and practices involve defining, implementing, and continuously improving testing procedures to ensure product quality.

• Defining testing objectives and scope

• Creating test plans and test cases

• Executing tests and reporting defects

• Implementing automation testing where applicable

• Continuous improvement through feedback and metrics

Automation framework is a set of guidelines, rules, and best practices for creating and maintaining automated tests.

• Automation framework provides structure and organization to automated tests

• It helps in reusability of code and reduces maintenance efforts

• Common types of automation frameworks include keyword-driven, data-driven, and hybrid frameworks

Risks in a project refer to potential events or situations that could negatively impact the project's success.

• Unclear project requirements

• Lack of stakeholder involvement

• Budget overruns

• Technical challenges

• Resource constraints

• Scope creep

• Schedule delays

A function to reverse a given string

• Create an empty string to store the reversed string

• Iterate through the input string from the end and append each character to the new string

• Return the reversed string