80+ Python Developer Intern Interview Questions and Answers

A set of questions related to Python programming language and its concepts.

• Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language.

• A list is a collection of ordered and mutable elements.

• A tuple is a collection of ordered and immutable elements.

• A set is an unordered collection of unique elements.

• Lists are mutable while tuples are immutable.

• A class is a blueprint for creating objects, while an object is an instance of a class.

• Lambda function is an anonymous function that can h...read more

Create a Django CRUD application with models for employee and category, allowing users to view employee details based on selected category.

• Create models for employee and category in Django.

• Implement CRUD operations for employee model.

• Use category model to create new categories.

• Display employee details based on selected category.

Endpoints and methods for a book store API

• Endpoints: /books (GET, POST), /books/{id} (GET, PUT, DELETE), /authors (GET, POST), /authors/{id} (GET, PUT, DELETE)

• Methods: GET (retrieve data), POST (create new data), PUT (update existing data), DELETE (delete data)

• Example: GET /books - retrieve all books, POST /books - add a new book to the store

Django's ORM can be used to find product details by querying the database.

• Define a model for products in models.py

• Create a view function to handle the request

• Use the ORM to query the database for the product details

• Render the details in a template

Generators are functions that allow you to iterate over a sequence of items without storing them all in memory at once. Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions.

• Generators in Python are created using the yield keyword.

• Decorators in Python are created using the @ symbol followed by the decorator function name.

• List is a collection of items that are ordered and mutable.

• Tuple is a collection of items that are ordered and immutable.

• Set is a collection o...read more

Python ML can be used to find twisted data by detecting anomalies and outliers in the dataset.

• Use anomaly detection algorithms like Isolation Forest, Local Outlier Factor, or One-Class SVM.

• Visualize the data using scatter plots or box plots to identify any outliers.

• Preprocess the data by removing any missing values or scaling the features.

• Use clustering algorithms like K-Means or DBSCAN to group similar data points and identify any anomalies.

• Use dimensionality reduction techn...read more

Lists are mutable, ordered collections of items, while tuples are immutable, ordered collections of items.

• Lists are defined using square brackets [], while tuples are defined using parentheses ().

• Lists can be modified after creation (mutable), while tuples cannot be modified (immutable).

• Lists are typically used for collections of similar items that may need to be changed, while tuples are used for fixed collections of items.

• Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3] and tuple_example ...read more

Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins in SQL are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column.

• Types of joins include inner join, left join, right join, and full join.

• Union combines the result sets of two or more SELECT statements, while full join returns all rows when there is a match in either table.

Lists and tuples are both sequence data types in Python, but the main difference is that lists are mutable while tuples are immutable.

• Lists are enclosed in square brackets [], while tuples are enclosed in parentheses ().

• Lists can be modified by adding, removing, or changing elements, while tuples cannot be modified once created.

• Lists are typically used for collections of similar items, while tuples are used for heterogeneous data.

• Lists have more built-in methods and are more ...read more

Multi threading and Multiprocessing are techniques used in Python to achieve parallelism and improve performance.

• Multi threading allows multiple threads to run concurrently within the same process, sharing the same memory space.

• Multiprocessing involves creating multiple processes to run tasks in parallel, each with its own memory space.

• Multi threading is more suitable for I/O-bound tasks, while multiprocessing is better for CPU-bound tasks.

• Example: Using threading module for ...read more

Python is a high-level programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It is widely used for web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and more.

• Python is easy to learn and widely used in various fields such as web development, data science, machine learning, and automation.

• To install Python, you can download the official Python installer from the Python website and follow the installation instructions.

• Python applications include web development f...read more

Exceptions in Python are handled using try-except blocks to catch and handle errors gracefully.

• Use try-except blocks to catch and handle exceptions in Python.

• Specify the type of exception to catch or use 'except' to catch all exceptions.

• Use 'finally' block to execute code regardless of whether an exception was raised or not.

• Reraise exceptions using 'raise' keyword within except block if needed.

• Handle specific exceptions with multiple except blocks or use 'as' keyword to acces...read more

Polymorphism in C++ can be implemented using function overloading, function overriding, and virtual functions.

• Use function overloading to have multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Use function overriding to have a function in a derived class with the same name and parameters as a function in the base class.

• Use virtual functions to achieve runtime polymorphism by allowing a function in a base class to be overridden in a derived class.

Method overloading is having multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding is redefining a method in a subclass with the same signature as in the superclass.

• Method overloading allows a class to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Example: void print(int a) and void print(int a, int b).

• Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provide...read more

Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions. Lambda functions are anonymous functions defined using the lambda keyword.

• Decorators are used to add functionality to existing functions without modifying their code.

• Lambda functions are used for creating small, anonymous functions.

• Example of decorator: @staticmethod decorator in Python.

• Example of lambda function: lambda x: x*2

Deep copy creates a new object and recursively copies the objects found in the original. Shallow copy creates a new object and references the objects found in the original.

• Deep copy creates a new object and recursively copies all nested objects, while shallow copy creates a new object and references the nested objects.

• Deep copy is used when you want to create a completely independent copy of an object, while shallow copy is used when you want to create a new object with refer...read more

Yes, I have worked on projects using Django and Flask frameworks.

• Developed a web application using Django framework for a school management system

• Built a RESTful API using Flask framework for a mobile application

• Implemented authentication and authorization using Django's built-in features

OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming that help in designing and implementing software solutions.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods together in a class

• Inheritance: creating new classes from existing ones

• Polymorphism: using a single interface to represent different types

• Abstraction: hiding complex implementation details

• Encapsulation example: class 'Car' with attributes like 'color' and methods like 'start_engine()'

• Inheritance example...read more

I chose Python for its simplicity, readability, versatility, and vast community support.

• Python's syntax is clean and easy to read, making it beginner-friendly.

• Python has a wide range of libraries and frameworks for various applications like web development, data analysis, and machine learning.

• Python is versatile and can be used for scripting, automation, web development, scientific computing, and more.

• Python has a large and active community, providing ample resources and supp...read more

In JavaScript, == is used for equality comparison, while === is used for strict equality comparison.

• The == operator compares two values for equality, performing type coercion if necessary.

• The === operator compares two values for strict equality, without type coercion.

• Example: 1 == '1' will return true, but 1 === '1' will return false.

Python is an interpreted language.

• Python is not compiled into machine code before execution, instead it is interpreted line by line at runtime.

• This allows for easier debugging and dynamic typing.

• Examples of interpreted languages include Python, JavaScript, and Ruby.

Python is a versatile and easy-to-learn programming language with a wide range of applications.

• Simple and readable syntax makes it easy to learn and use

• Extensive standard library with built-in modules for various tasks

• Support for multiple programming paradigms like procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming

• Great for data analysis, machine learning, web development, automation, and more

A lambda function is an anonymous function in Python that can take any number of arguments but can only have one expression.

• Lambda functions are defined using the lambda keyword.

• They are commonly used when a small function is needed for a short period of time.

• Lambda functions can be used as arguments in higher-order functions.

• They are often used in functional programming and for writing concise code.

• Example: lambda x: x**2 defines a lambda function that squares its input.

Python decorator is a design pattern that allows you to add new functionality to existing functions or methods without modifying their structure.

• Decorators are denoted by the @ symbol followed by the decorator name.

• They are functions that take another function as an argument and return a new function.

• Decorators can be used for logging, timing, authentication, and more.

• Example: @my_decorator def my_function(): pass

To add two dictionary strings, use the update() method.

• Create two dictionaries.

• Use the update() method to add the second dictionary to the first one.

• The keys in the second dictionary will overwrite the keys in the first dictionary if they are the same.

• Return the updated dictionary.

Python development tools are software programs that help developers write, test, and debug Python code.

• IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) like PyCharm, VS Code, and Jupyter Notebook

• Code editors like Sublime Text, Atom, and Vim

• Version control systems like Git and Mercurial

• Package managers like pip and conda

• Testing frameworks like pytest and unittest

Tuple is immutable, ordered collection of elements while list is mutable, ordered collection of elements.

• Tuple is created using parentheses () while list is created using square brackets []

• Elements in tuple cannot be changed once assigned while elements in list can be modified

• Tuple is faster than list for iteration and accessing elements

• Example: tuple_example = (1, 2, 3) and list_example = [1, 2, 3]

ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping. It is a programming technique for converting data between incompatible type systems in object-oriented programming languages.

• ORM helps developers work with databases using objects instead of SQL queries

• It simplifies data manipulation and reduces the amount of code needed to interact with a database

• ORM frameworks like SQLAlchemy in Python provide tools for mapping objects to database tables

I have experience working with Django framework in developing web applications.

• Developed web applications using Django framework

• Utilized Django's built-in features like ORM, authentication, and admin panel

• Implemented RESTful APIs using Django REST framework

• Worked with Django templates and forms for frontend development

Use slicing with step size -1 to reverse a string in Python.

• Use string slicing with step size -1 to reverse the string.

• Example: 'hello'[::-1] will return 'olleh'.

Use slicing with step -1 to reverse a string in Python.

• Use string slicing with step -1 to reverse a string: str[::-1]

• Example: 'hello'[::-1] will return 'olleh'

Use the reverse() method to reverse a list in Python.

• Use the reverse() method to reverse the elements of a list in place.

• Example: my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]; my_list.reverse(); print(my_list) will output [4, 3, 2, 1].

makemigrations is used to create new migration files based on the changes made to models, while migrate is used to apply those migrations to the database.

• makemigrations is used to generate migration files based on the changes made to models in Django

• migrate is used to apply those generated migrations to the database

• makemigrations creates a migration file in the migrations directory of the app, while migrate applies those migrations to the database schema

• Example: python manage...read more

Data wrangling in Python involves cleaning, transforming, and organizing raw data into a usable format.

• Use libraries like Pandas for data manipulation

• Handle missing values and outliers

• Merge, reshape, and filter datasets

• Perform data normalization and standardization

• Visualize data using libraries like Matplotlib or Seaborn

Python is a high-level, interpreted, and general-purpose programming language known for its simplicity and readability.

• Python is dynamically typed, meaning you don't have to declare variable types.

• It supports multiple programming paradigms like procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

• Python has a large standard library and a vibrant community, making it easy to find solutions and libraries for various tasks.

• It is widely used in web development, data science, a...read more

Attributes in Python are data stored within an object or class that can be accessed using dot notation.

• Attributes are accessed using dot notation, like object.attribute or class.attribute

• They can be added, modified, or deleted dynamically during runtime

• Attributes can be data (variables) or methods (functions)

• Example: class Person has attributes name and age, accessed as person.name and person.age

OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming, a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOP focuses on creating objects that contain both data and methods to manipulate that data.

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOP.

• Example: Creating a class 'Car' with attributes like 'color' and methods like 'drive'.

• Example: Inheritance allows a class 'SUV' to inherit attributes and methods from class 'Car'.

Python programming is a high-level, interpreted, and general-purpose programming language known for its simplicity and readability.

• Python is widely used for web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, and more.

• It emphasizes code readability and uses indentation to define code blocks.

• Python supports multiple programming paradigms such as procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

• It has a large standard library and a vibrant comm...read more

OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming, a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOP focuses on creating objects that contain both data and methods to manipulate that data.

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOP.

• Examples of OOP languages include Python, Java, and C++.

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as the same type.

• Polymorphism is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming.

• It enables code reusability and flexibility.

• Polymorphism can be achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Example: A parent class 'Animal' can have multiple child classes like 'Dog', 'Cat', and 'Bird'. They can all be treated as 'Animal' objects.

Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.

• Django follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) architectural pattern.

• It includes an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) system for interacting with databases.

• Django provides a built-in admin interface for managing site content.

• It uses URL routing to map URLs to views, which handle user requests.

• Django supports reusable apps and encourages the use of third-party packages for add...read more

Data types in Python are classifications of data items that determine the possible values and operations on them.

• Python has several built-in data types such as int, float, str, list, tuple, dict, set, bool.

• Each data type has specific characteristics and methods associated with it.

• Examples: int for integers, float for floating-point numbers, str for strings, list for lists of items.

Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.

• Django follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern.

• It consists of a model layer, view layer, and template layer.

• Models define the data structure, views handle the logic, and templates render the output.

• Django also includes an ORM for interacting with databases and a built-in admin interface.

• It follows the DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) principle to reduce r...read more

Random Forest is an ensemble learning algorithm that builds multiple decision trees and combines their predictions.

• Random Forest is a popular algorithm for classification and regression tasks.

• It creates multiple decision trees during training and combines their predictions to improve accuracy.

• Random Forest is less prone to overfitting compared to a single decision tree.

• It can handle large datasets with high dimensionality.

• Example: Random Forest can be used for predicting cust...read more

Email validation using regex

• Use the re module in Python to work with regular expressions

• Create a regular expression pattern to match the email format

• Use the match() function to check if the email matches the pattern

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that involves developing algorithms and models that enable computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data.

• Machine learning involves training algorithms to learn patterns from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.

• It is used in various applications such as image recognition, natural language processing, recommendation systems, and autonomous vehicles.

• Types of m...read more

NoSQL database is a type of database that provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases.

• NoSQL databases are non-relational databases that can store and retrieve data in a flexible and scalable manner.

• They are designed to handle large volumes of data and are often used in big data and real-time web applications.

• Examples of NoSQL databases include MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis, and Amazo...read more