Junior Software Developer

300+ Junior Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 7 Jul 2025
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Q. JavaScript -difference between let var const About React,what is Single page Application , Virtual Dom,In a given array seperate even and odd values.In a given array remove duplicate. In a given array seperate...

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Ans.

JavaScript basics, React concepts, array manipulation

  • let, var, and const are used to declare variables in JavaScript with different scoping rules

  • Single page application is a web application that dynamically updates the content without reloading the page

  • Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM used by React to improve performance

  • To separate even and odd values in an array, use filter() method with a condition

  • To remove duplicates in an array, use Set() or filter() me...read more

Asked in Amazon

1w ago

Q. Given a number n, find the number just greater than n using the same digits as that of n.

Ans.

Given a number n, find the number just greater than n using same digits as that of n

  • Convert the number to a string and sort the digits in ascending order

  • Starting from the rightmost digit, find the first digit that is smaller than the digit to its right

  • Swap this digit with the smallest digit to its right that is greater than it

  • Sort the digits to the right of the swapped digit in ascending order

  • Concatenate the digits to get the next greater number

Asked in Amazon

3d ago

Q. Given a string, write a program to form a new string with the first character of each word.

Ans.

Program to form a string with first character of all words in a given string.

  • Split the string into an array of words

  • Iterate through the array and extract the first character of each word

  • Join the extracted characters to form the final string

Asked in TCS

4d ago

Q. What are the advantages of software engineering?

Ans.

Software engineering offers numerous advantages in terms of efficiency, scalability, and maintainability.

  • Efficiency: Software engineering practices help in optimizing code and improving performance.

  • Scalability: Proper software engineering enables the development of scalable systems that can handle increasing workloads.

  • Maintainability: Well-structured software is easier to maintain, debug, and enhance over time.

  • Reusability: Software engineering promotes the reuse of code compo...read more

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Asked in EGDK

2w ago

Q. Given an array of non-negative integers, where each element represents the maximum jump length at that position, what is the minimum number of jumps required to reach the last index?

Ans.

Calculate the minimum jumps to reach the last index of an array based on jump lengths.

  • Use a greedy approach to track the farthest reachable index.

  • Maintain a count of jumps and the current end of the jump range.

  • Example: For array [2, 3, 1, 1, 4], minimum jumps = 2 (0 -> 1 -> 4).

  • Example: For array [2, 1, 0, 3], minimum jumps = 3 (0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3).

Asked in TCS iON

1w ago

Q. How do you stop asynchronous code based on a specific condition in a multi-threaded environment?

Ans.

To stop async code based on specification condition, use cancellation tokens.

  • Use CancellationTokenSource to create a cancellation token

  • Pass the cancellation token to the async method

  • Check the cancellation token in the async method using ThrowIfCancellationRequested()

  • Cancel the token when the specification condition is met

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Q. What are the differences between child components and parent components in React?

Ans.

Child components are nested within parent components in React.

  • Child components are rendered within parent components.

  • Parent components can pass data and functions down to child components through props.

  • Child components can communicate with parent components through callbacks.

1w ago

Q. what is mixin and does ruby support multiple inheritence if yes then how and no then why?

Ans.

A mixin is a way to add functionality to a class without using inheritance. Ruby does not support multiple inheritance due to potential conflicts.

  • Mixins in Ruby are achieved using modules, which can be included in classes to add methods and attributes.

  • Ruby does not support multiple inheritance because it can lead to the diamond problem, where conflicting methods from different parent classes cause ambiguity.

  • Instead of multiple inheritance, Ruby encourages the use of mixins an...read more

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2w ago

Q. Given an array of integers representing the heights of vertical bars, where the width of each bar is 1, find two bars that can form a container with the largest area. Solve it in O(n) time complexity.

Ans.

To maximize the area of a container formed by two parallel bars, use the two-pointer approach in O(n) time complexity.

  • Use the two-pointer approach to iterate from both ends towards the center of the array.

  • Calculate the area formed by the two bars at each step and update the maximum area found so far.

  • Move the pointer with the smaller height towards the center to potentially find a larger area.

  • Repeat the process until the pointers meet in the middle of the array.

6d ago

Q. Do you know about SQL, can show me how you can implement the Structure?

Ans.

Yes, I am familiar with SQL and can demonstrate how to implement the structure.

  • SQL is a standard language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data in databases.

  • To implement the structure in SQL, you would use CREATE TABLE statement to define the structure of a table.

  • For example, CREATE TABLE Students (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), age INT); would create a table named Students with columns id, name, and age.

Q. How much code can you write in one day?

Ans.

It is not possible to accurately estimate the number of lines of code that can be written in one day.

  • The number of lines of code that can be written in a day depends on various factors such as complexity, requirements, and experience.

  • It is important to focus on writing clean and efficient code rather than just aiming for a specific number of lines.

  • Collaboration and teamwork can also impact the productivity and speed of coding.

  • Providing an estimate without analyzing the specif...read more

Q. What is Redux, and why is it used in React applications?

Ans.

Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps, commonly used with React to manage application state.

  • Redux helps in managing the state of the application in a predictable way.

  • It provides a single source of truth for the state of the application.

  • Redux allows for easier debugging and testing of the application.

  • Actions are dispatched to update the state in Redux.

  • Reducers specify how the state changes in response to actions.

2w ago

Q. What is the difference between stored procedures and functions in programming?

Ans.

Stored procedures execute commands, while functions return values and can be used in expressions.

  • Stored procedures can perform actions like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, while functions are typically used for calculations.

  • Functions must return a value, whereas stored procedures do not have to return anything.

  • Stored procedures can have input/output parameters, while functions can only have input parameters.

  • Example of a stored procedure: CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployee @EmpID INT AS SEL...read more

Q. How can we change the size of an array without creating another array?

Ans.

You can use an ArrayList in Java to dynamically change the size of the array without creating a new array.

  • Use ArrayList<String> instead of String[] to store strings in a dynamic array.

  • You can add or remove elements from the ArrayList as needed without creating a new array.

  • Example: ArrayList<String> strings = new ArrayList<String>(); strings.add("Hello"); strings.add("World");

Q. If you know other languages, can you print 'hello world' in that language?

Ans.

Different programming languages have unique syntax for printing 'Hello, World!'. Here are some examples.

  • Python: print('Hello, World!')

  • Java: System.out.println('Hello, World!');

  • JavaScript: console.log('Hello, World!');

  • C: printf('Hello, World!');

  • Ruby: puts 'Hello, World!'

  • PHP: echo 'Hello, World!';

4d ago

Q. what are and validations callbacks and difference between destroy and delete

Ans.

Callbacks are methods that are called at certain points in an object's lifecycle. Destroy permanently deletes a record, while delete marks it as deleted.

  • Validation callbacks are methods that are called before or after validations on an object. They are used to ensure data integrity.

  • Destroy method permanently deletes a record from the database, including associated records. It does not trigger callbacks or validations.

  • Delete method marks a record as deleted in the database, bu...read more

Asked in CapeStart

2w ago

Q. Spring boot: Put vs Post method, how will you create rest apis, how will you validate the input,

Ans.

In Spring Boot, PUT is used to update an existing resource, while POST is used to create a new resource. Input validation can be done using annotations like @Valid.

  • Use PUT method to update an existing resource

  • Use POST method to create a new resource

  • Validate input using annotations like @Valid in Spring Boot

2w ago

Q. You are a thief and you have an array of houses. You cannot rob adjacent houses. How do you maximize the loot?

Ans.

Maximize loot from houses without robbing adjacent ones using dynamic programming.

  • Use dynamic programming to store maximum loot at each house index.

  • If robbing house i, add its value to the maximum loot from house i-2.

  • If not robbing house i, carry forward the maximum loot from house i-1.

  • Example: For houses [2, 7, 9, 3, 1], max loot = 2 + 9 + 1 = 12.

Q. How do you find duplicate rows in a table without using DISTINCT?

Ans.

Use GROUP BY and HAVING clause to find duplicate rows in a table without using DISTINCT.

  • Use GROUP BY to group rows with the same values together

  • Use HAVING clause to filter out groups with only one row

  • Select columns to display duplicate rows

Asked in Infosys

1w ago

Q. How is exception handling done in c++ and Java?

Ans.

Exception handling in C++ and Java

  • C++ uses try-catch blocks to handle exceptions

  • Java uses try-catch-finally blocks to handle exceptions

  • Both languages have a hierarchy of exception classes

  • C++ has the throw keyword to throw an exception

  • Java has the throw keyword to throw an exception

  • C++ allows for custom exception classes to be created

  • Java has predefined exception classes like NullPointerException

2w ago

Q. Find the number of perfect subarrays of the given array. A perfect subarray has an odd value at an odd index and an even value at an even index.

Ans.

Count the number of perfect subarrays in an array where odd values are at odd positions and even values are at even positions.

  • Iterate through the array and keep track of the count of odd and even numbers encountered so far.

  • If the count of odd and even numbers at the current index matches the index itself, increment the count of perfect subarrays.

  • Example: For array [2, 1, 3, 4], there are 3 perfect subarrays: [2, 1], [1, 3, 4], [3, 4].

1w ago

Q. what is hash and coding problem to retain only unique elements in a collection

Ans.

Hashing is a technique to map data to a fixed-size value. To retain unique elements in a collection, use a hash set.

  • Create a hash set to store unique elements

  • Iterate through the collection and add each element to the hash set

  • If an element already exists in the hash set, skip adding it to retain only unique elements

1w ago

Q. What is api testing? Explain it . What is payment gateway? Introduce yourself. Functional testing, non functional testing, validation vs varification

Ans.

API testing is the process of testing APIs to ensure they meet functionality, reliability, performance, and security requirements.

  • API testing involves testing the functionality, reliability, performance, and security of APIs.

  • It focuses on verifying that the API works as expected, returns correct data, and handles errors properly.

  • API testing can be done manually or using automated tools like Postman or SoapUI.

  • Examples of API testing include testing endpoints, data validation, ...read more

Q. What is the difference between a library and a framework?

Ans.

A library is a collection of functions or classes that can be called by an external program, while a framework is a set of libraries that provide a structure for building applications.

  • Library is used by the developer to perform specific tasks, while a framework dictates the overall structure of the application.

  • Libraries are more flexible and allow developers to pick and choose which components to use, while frameworks have a more rigid structure.

  • Examples of libraries include ...read more

Q. What is the difference between useEffect and useRef in React?

Ans.

useEffect is used to perform side effects in functional components, while useRef is used to persist values between renders.

  • useEffect is used for side effects like data fetching, DOM manipulation, etc.

  • useRef is used to persist values like accessing DOM elements, maintaining mutable variables, etc.

  • Example: useEffect can be used to fetch data from an API when a component mounts, useRef can be used to store a reference to an input field.

Asked in Cognizant

1w ago

Q. What input and output functions are used in the C language?

Ans.

Input and output functions in C language are used to interact with the user and the external environment.

  • Input functions in C include scanf() for reading input from the user and getchar() for reading a single character.

  • Output functions in C include printf() for displaying output to the user and putchar() for displaying a single character.

  • File input and output functions in C include fopen(), fclose(), fread(), and fwrite() for reading from and writing to files.

Asked in LTIMindtree

1w ago

Q. what is java how is it different from python

Ans.

Java is a statically typed, object-oriented programming language, while Python is dynamically typed and focuses on simplicity and readability.

  • Java is statically typed, meaning variables must be declared with a specific data type, while Python is dynamically typed.

  • Java is more verbose and requires more code to accomplish tasks compared to Python.

  • Python emphasizes simplicity and readability, making it easier for beginners to learn and use.

  • Java is commonly used for building ente...read more

Q. What is multithreading and what is the concept of object-oriented programming (OOP)?

Ans.

Multithreading allows multiple threads to run concurrently, while OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

  • Multithreading allows for parallel execution of multiple threads within a single process.

  • OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent data and methods to manipulate that data.

  • In multithreading, each thread has its own stack and runs independently, while in OOP, objects encapsulate data and behavior.

  • Example of multithreading: running a...read more

1w ago

Q. difference between many to many and has and belongs to many association and explain polymorphic association

Ans.

Many to many vs has and belongs to many association, and explanation of polymorphic association.

  • Many to many association involves a join table to connect two models with a many-to-many relationship.

  • Has and belongs to many association is a simpler version of many to many, where the join table is hidden.

  • Polymorphic association allows a model to belong to more than one other model, using a single association.

  • Example: Many to many - Students and Courses, HABTM - Users and Roles, ...read more

Asked in HyScaler

5d ago

Q. How would you secure sensitive information in a web application?

Ans.

Sensitive information in a web application can be secured through encryption, access controls, secure coding practices, and regular security audits.

  • Encrypt sensitive data at rest and in transit using strong encryption algorithms.

  • Implement access controls to restrict unauthorized access to sensitive information.

  • Follow secure coding practices to prevent common vulnerabilities like SQL injection and cross-site scripting.

  • Regularly conduct security audits and vulnerability assessm...read more

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