200+ Internship Trainee Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

I am applying for an internship in the field of technology.

• I have a strong understanding of programming languages such as Java, C++, and Python.

• I am familiar with web development technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• I have knowledge of database management systems like MySQL and MongoDB.

• I am aware of software development methodologies such as Agile and Scrum.

• I have experience with version control systems like Git.

• I am interested in learning and exploring new technologie...read more

Optical fibre communication takes place at different wavelengths, with some providing better performance than others.

• Optical fibre communication can take place at various wavelengths, including 850 nm, 1310 nm, and 1550 nm.

• The 850 nm wavelength is commonly used for short-distance communication, such as within buildings or data centers.

• The 1310 nm wavelength is often used for medium-distance communication, such as metropolitan area networks.

• The 1550 nm wavelength is typically ...read more

Timers in microprocessors are hardware components that measure and control time intervals. They can be triggered by external events or programmed instructions.

• Timers in microprocessors are used for various purposes such as generating accurate time delays, measuring time intervals, and controlling the execution of tasks.

• They are typically implemented as hardware registers that count clock cycles or external events.

• Timers can be triggered by external events, such as a signal ch...read more

I have completed over 50 coding questions on platforms like LeetCode and HackerRank using languages such as Python and Java.

• Completed over 50 coding questions

• Platforms used: LeetCode, HackerRank

• Languages used: Python, Java

Interrupts in microprocessors are signals that temporarily halt the normal execution of a program to handle a specific event or request.

• Interrupts are used to handle time-critical events or to interface with external devices.

• They allow the microprocessor to respond to external stimuli without constantly checking for them.

• Interrupts have different priority levels and can be masked or enabled/disabled.

• Examples of interrupts include keyboard input, timer events, and hardware err...read more

Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is a communication protocol used in the automotive domain for high-speed data exchange between electronic control units (ECUs).

• CAN protocol is a message-based protocol that allows multiple ECUs to communicate with each other without a host computer.

• It is widely used in modern vehicles for various functions such as engine control, transmission control, airbag systems, and more.

• CAN protocol uses a two-wire bus system (CAN-High and CAN-Low)...read more

Analog to digital conversion is done using an ADC. Encoders are used for digital signals.

• Analog to digital conversion involves sampling the analog signal at regular intervals and quantizing the amplitude of the signal at each sample.

• This is done using an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC).

• Encoders are used to convert digital signals to analog signals or to encode digital information for transmission or storage.

• Examples of encoders include rotary encoders used in robotics and o...read more

Microcontrollers like STM32, MPC5xxx, and TriCore have different architectures based on their manufacturers and specifications.

• STM32 microcontrollers are based on ARM Cortex-M cores and are widely used in various applications.

• MPC5xxx microcontrollers are from NXP and are commonly used in automotive applications.

• TriCore microcontrollers are from Infineon and are known for their real-time processing capabilities.

Priority inversion in RTOS can be managed using priority inheritance protocol, priority ceiling protocol, and priority boosting.

• Implement priority inheritance protocol to temporarily raise the priority of the lower priority task to that of the higher priority task it is waiting for.

• Use priority ceiling protocol to assign a priority ceiling to each shared resource, ensuring that a task cannot be preempted by a lower priority task while holding a resource.

• Apply priority boostin...read more

Troubleshooting communication issues over the CAN protocol involves checking physical connections, analyzing network traffic, and verifying software configurations.

• Check physical connections for loose or damaged wires

• Use a CAN bus analyzer tool to monitor network traffic and identify errors

• Verify software configurations such as baud rate, message format, and error handling settings

• Check for any conflicting messages or bus off errors

• Update firmware or drivers if necessary

RTOS is a specialized operating system designed for real-time applications, ensuring timely and predictable responses to events.

• RTOS is used in automotive embedded systems to control critical functions like engine management, braking systems, and airbag deployment.

• It provides deterministic behavior, allowing tasks to be executed within specific time constraints.

• RTOS helps in managing multiple tasks concurrently, prioritizing them based on their urgency and importance.

• Examples...read more

ECU is a crucial component in vehicles that controls various functions such as engine performance, fuel efficiency, emissions, and more.

• ECU is a computerized control unit that manages the engine's operation based on input from various sensors.

• It regulates fuel injection, ignition timing, idle speed, and other critical functions to optimize performance and efficiency.

• ECU also monitors emissions and adjusts settings to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.

• Examples o...read more

AUTOSAR is a standardized automotive software architecture that aims to enhance scalability, reusability, and maintainability of software in vehicles.

• AUTOSAR stands for Automotive Open System Architecture.

• It provides a common platform for developing software components that can be reused across different automotive systems and manufacturers.

• By standardizing software architecture, AUTOSAR helps reduce development time and costs for automotive companies.

• It enables easier integr...read more

The fundamental principle of an operational amplifier (OPAMP) is to amplify the difference between the input voltages.

• OPAMP amplifies the voltage difference between its two input terminals

• The output voltage of an OPAMP is proportional to the difference between the input voltages

• OPAMP has a high gain and high input impedance

• The input terminals of an OPAMP draw negligible current

• OPAMP operates in a closed-loop configuration to achieve desired amplification

The volatile keyword in embedded C is used to indicate that a variable may change unexpectedly, so the compiler should not optimize its access.

• Prevents compiler optimization of variable access

• Useful for variables that can be changed by external sources (e.g. hardware interrupts)

• Ensures that the variable is always read from memory and not from a register

• Example: volatile int *ptr = (int *)0x1234; // pointer to a memory-mapped hardware register

ARM Cortex architecture is significant in embedded systems for its energy efficiency, scalability, and performance.

• ARM Cortex processors are known for their energy efficiency, making them ideal for battery-powered devices.

• The architecture is highly scalable, allowing for a wide range of performance levels to meet different application requirements.

• ARM Cortex processors are widely used in various embedded systems such as smartphones, tablets, IoT devices, and automotive system...read more

Create a matrix of size n,m using pointers dynamically

• Allocate memory for n pointers to char arrays

• Allocate memory for each char array to store m elements

• Access elements using pointer arithmetic

Yes, I can implement the particular task.

• I have experience in implementing similar tasks.

• I am familiar with the necessary tools and technologies.

• I can provide examples of my previous implementations if required.

To approach a new website for SEO, I would start with a technical audit and keyword research. Crawling is the process of indexing web pages by search engines. Canonical tag is used to avoid duplicate content issues.

• Conduct a technical audit to identify any issues that may affect SEO

• Perform keyword research to identify relevant keywords to target

• Ensure website structure is optimized for search engines

• Create high-quality content that targets relevant keywords

• Use canonical tags ...read more

Backlinks are links from one website to another. They are important for SEO and can be created in various ways.

• Backlinks are incoming links to a webpage.

• They are considered as votes of confidence for a website's credibility and popularity.

• Backlinks can be created through guest blogging, social media sharing, directory submissions, and influencer outreach.

• For example, if a popular website includes a link to your website in one of their articles, it creates a backlink for your ...read more

Metals and alloys commonly used for casting include aluminum, copper, iron, steel, and zinc.

• Aluminum is lightweight and corrosion-resistant, making it popular for automotive and aerospace parts.

• Copper is used for electrical components and plumbing fixtures.

• Iron is strong and durable, commonly used for engine blocks and machinery parts.

• Steel is versatile and can be used for a wide range of applications, from construction to automotive.

• Zinc is often used as a coating for other ...read more

I am from [insert location]. Yes, I am aware of the terms and conditions.

• I am originally from [insert location]

• I have read and understood the terms and conditions

• I am willing to comply with the terms and conditions

Clock system in a microcontroller can be configured by setting the prescaler, selecting clock source, and enabling interrupts.

• Set the prescaler to divide the clock frequency to the desired value.

• Select the clock source from internal oscillator, external crystal, or external clock input.

• Enable interrupts for clock-related events like overflow or compare match.

• Configure the timer registers to control the timer operation and output.

Bootloaders in automotive systems are implemented and validated through a series of steps including development, testing, and integration.

• Develop bootloader software according to automotive industry standards and requirements.

• Test bootloader functionality on target hardware to ensure proper operation.

• Integrate bootloader into the overall automotive system and verify compatibility with other components.

• Validate bootloader performance through rigorous testing and analysis.

• Ensur...read more

Bit manipulation in Embedded C programming involves using bitwise operators to manipulate individual bits in variables.

• Use bitwise AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^), left shift (<<), and right shift (>>) operators to manipulate bits.

• Example: Setting a specific bit in a variable - var |= (1 << bit_position);

• Example: Clearing a specific bit in a variable - var &= ~(1 << bit_position);

• Example: Toggling a specific bit in a variable - var ^= (1 << bit_position);

LIN protocol is slower, simpler, and cheaper than CAN protocol.

• LIN protocol is typically used for communication between simple electronic control units (ECUs) in automotive applications.

• CAN protocol is faster, more complex, and more expensive, making it suitable for high-speed communication in complex systems.

• LIN protocol has a lower data rate (typically up to 20 kbps) compared to CAN protocol (up to 1 Mbps).

• LIN protocol uses a master-slave configuration, while CAN protocol u...read more

8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microcontrollers differ in their data bus width, processing power, memory capacity, and cost.

• 8-bit microcontrollers have an 8-bit data bus, lower processing power, and are suitable for simpler applications like household appliances (e.g. ATmega328).

• 16-bit microcontrollers have a 16-bit data bus, better processing power, and are used in applications requiring more complexity like industrial control systems (e.g. PIC24).

• 32-bit microcontrollers have a 3...read more

Macro functions are preprocessed by the compiler before compilation, while inline functions are expanded at the point of call.

• Macro functions are expanded by the preprocessor before compilation, while inline functions are expanded at the point of call by the compiler.

• Macro functions can be error-prone due to lack of type checking, while inline functions provide type safety.

• Inline functions can improve code readability and maintainability compared to macro functions.

• Macro func...read more

Losses in optical fibre include attenuation, dispersion, and bending losses.

• Attenuation is the reduction in signal strength as it travels through the fibre.

• Dispersion is the spreading of the signal due to different wavelengths traveling at different speeds.

• Bending losses occur when the fibre is bent too tightly, causing signal loss.

• Other losses include splice losses, connector losses, and modal noise.

GPIO pins in a microcontroller are used for interfacing with external devices by providing input/output functionalities.

• GPIO pins can be configured as either input or output to communicate with external sensors, actuators, or other devices.

• They can be used to read digital signals from sensors or send digital signals to control actuators.

• Examples include using GPIO pins to read a button press, control an LED, or communicate with a motor.

• GPIO pins can also be used for communica...read more

The carbon percentage in pig iron varies from 2-4% depending on the production process.

• Pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel, such as coke.

• The carbon content in pig iron affects its properties, such as its hardness and brittleness.

• The carbon percentage in pig iron can be reduced through the process of refining.

• The carbon percentage in pig iron can range from 2-4%, but can be higher or lower depending on the production process.

Implementing binary search and bubble sort algorithms in Python

• Binary search: Divide and conquer algorithm to find a target value in a sorted array

• Bubble sort: Iteratively swap adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order

• Example for binary search: def binary_search(arr, target):

• Example for bubble sort: def bubble_sort(arr):

Null in a table represents a missing or unknown value, while auto increment in MySQL automatically generates unique values for a column.

• Null in a table indicates that a particular field does not have a value assigned to it.

• Auto increment in MySQL is used to automatically generate a unique value for a column, typically for primary keys.

• For example, a column with auto increment in MySQL will automatically assign a unique number to each new row added to the table.

Civil Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure.

• Civil Engineering involves the planning, design, and construction of buildings, bridges, roads, dams, and other structures.

• It includes the study of materials, geotechnical engineering, structural analysis, transportation engineering, and water resources engineering.

• Civil Engineers use mathematical and scientific principles to solve engineering problems and ...read more

The term used for submitting a new drug trial is Investigational New Drug (IND) application.

• IND application is submitted to the FDA for approval to conduct clinical trials on a new drug.

• It includes information on the drug's safety and efficacy, manufacturing process, and proposed clinical trial design.

• The FDA reviews the application and decides whether to approve or reject it.

• If approved, the drug can then proceed to clinical trials.

• The IND application process is a crucial st...read more

Adware, malware, viruses, and zombies are all types of malicious software that can harm computer systems.

• Adware is software that displays unwanted advertisements on a user's computer.

• Malware is a broad term that refers to any software designed to harm a computer system, including viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.

• Viruses are programs that replicate themselves and infect other programs or files on a computer, often causing damage or stealing data.

• Zombies are computers that hav...read more

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single clone of cells and target a specific antigen, while polyclonal antibodies are produced by multiple clones of cells and target multiple antigens.

• Monoclonal antibodies are derived from a single parent cell, ensuring uniformity in structure and specificity.

• Polyclonal antibodies are produced by multiple different B cells, resulting in a mixture of antibodies with varying specificities.

• Monoclonal antibodies are used in targeted therap...read more

Answering how to select second maximum value without using row_number and rank in SQL.

• Use subquery to find the maximum value and exclude it from the result set

• Use the MAX() function again to find the second maximum value

• Use the WHERE clause to filter out any other values equal to the second maximum value

Promoting a product involves identifying target audience, creating a unique value proposition, and utilizing various marketing channels.

• Identify target audience and their needs

• Create a unique value proposition that differentiates the product from competitors

• Utilize various marketing channels such as social media, email marketing, influencer marketing, and advertising

• Offer promotions and discounts to attract customers

• Collect and analyze customer feedback to improve the product...read more

Program to find top ten prime numbers and more

• Create a function to check if a number is prime

• Loop through numbers and add prime numbers to an array

• Sort the array in descending order and return the top ten

• Add options for user to input range of numbers and number of primes to find

Finding second maximum value in an array and calculating the difference between left and outer union.

• Sort the array in descending order and return the second element

• For left union, find the elements that are present in the first array but not in the second

• For outer union, find the elements that are present in either of the arrays but not in both

I aspire to make a positive impact on people's lives through my work.

• I want to work in a field where I can help others, such as healthcare or education

• I am passionate about using technology to improve people's lives

• I believe in the power of community and want to work towards building stronger, more inclusive communities

• I am inspired by people who have dedicated their lives to making a difference, such as doctors, teachers, and social workers

If the circuit of an inverter is inverted, it will act as a buffer.

• Inverting an inverter circuit essentially cancels out the inversion, making it act as a buffer.

• The output will be the same as the input signal, with no inversion.

• This can be useful in certain signal processing applications where a non-inverted signal is needed.

I have learnt Java, Python, C++, and SQL.

• Java

• Python

• C++

• SQL

PDPB is a new data protection bill introduced in India, while DPDPB is an older version of the same bill.

• PDPB is more comprehensive and covers more aspects of data protection than DPDPB.

• PDPB has stricter penalties for non-compliance compared to DPDPB.

• PDPB has provisions for the protection of sensitive personal data, while DPDPB does not.

• PDPB has a provision for the establishment of a Data Protection Authority, while DPDPB does not.

• PDPB has extraterritorial applicability, whil...read more

GDPR is a regulation that protects the privacy of EU citizens' personal data and gives them control over it.

• GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation

• It applies to all companies that process personal data of EU citizens

• Data subjects have the right to access, rectify, erase, and restrict processing of their data

• They also have the right to data portability and to object to processing

• Companies must obtain explicit consent from data subjects before processing their data

• Th...read more

I have a basic understanding of mapping and localization.

• I know that mapping involves creating a visual representation of an area, while localization involves determining the position of an object or person within that area.

• I am familiar with tools such as Google Maps and GPS devices that use mapping and localization technologies.

• I understand that mapping and localization are important in fields such as navigation, logistics, and robotics.

• I am eager to learn more about mappin...read more