Associate Software Engineer

400+ Associate Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Updated 16 Feb 2025

Q1. Triplets with Given Sum Problem

Given an array or list ARR consisting of N integers, your task is to identify all distinct triplets within the array that sum up to a specified number K.

Explanation:

A triplet i...read more

Frequently asked in

Samsung

Info Edge

Q2. Intersection of Two Arrays II

Given two integer arrays ARR1 and ARR2 of size N and M respectively, find the intersection of these arrays. An intersection refers to elements that appear in both arrays.

Note:

Inp...read more

Q3. Connecting Ropes with Minimum Cost

You are given 'N' ropes, each of varying lengths. The task is to connect all ropes into one single rope. The cost of connecting two ropes is the sum of their lengths. Your obj...read more

Ans.

The problem is to connect N ropes of different lengths into one rope with minimum cost.

Sort the array of rope lengths in ascending order.
Initialize a variable to keep track of the total cost.
While there are more than one rope remaining, take the two shortest ropes and connect them.
Add the cost of connecting the two ropes to the total cost.
Replace the two shortest ropes with the connected rope.
Repeat the above steps until only one rope remains.
Return the total cost as the mini...read more

Q4. Factorial Trailing Zeros Problem

You are provided with a positive integer N. Your goal is to determine the smallest number whose factorial has at least N trailing zeros.

Example:

Input:

N = 1

Output:

Explanat...read more

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Q5. Ninja and Alternating Largest Problem Statement

Ninja is given a sequence of numbers and needs to rearrange them so that every second element is greater than its neighbors on both sides.

Example:

Input:

[1, 2, ...read more

Ans.

The task is to rearrange the given array such that every second element is greater than its left and right element.

Read the number of test cases
For each test case, read the number of elements in the array and the array elements
Iterate through the array and swap elements at odd indices with their adjacent elements if necessary
Check if the rearranged array satisfies the conditions and print 1 if it does, else print 0

Q6. Armstrong Number Problem Statement

You are provided an integer 'NUM'. Determine if 'NUM' is an Armstrong number.

Explanation:

An integer 'NUM' with 'k' digits is an Armstrong number if the sum of its digits, ea...read more

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Q7. Intersection of Linked List Problem Statement

You are provided with two singly linked lists of integers. These lists merge at a node of a third linked list.

Your task is to determine the data of the node where ...read more

Q8. Kth Smallest and Largest Element Problem Statement

You are provided with an array 'Arr' containing 'N' distinct integers and a positive integer 'K'. Your task is to find the Kth smallest and Kth largest element...read more

Associate Software Engineer Jobs

Associate Software Engineer - Ansible Engineering • 2-4 years

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4.3

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4.2

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Associate Software Engineer • 8-10 years

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Q9. Reverse Linked List Problem Statement

Given a singly linked list of integers, your task is to return the head of the reversed linked list.

Example:

Input:

The given linked list is 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> NULL.

Outp...read more

Q10. Palindrome String Validation

Determine if a given string 'S' is a palindrome, considering only alphanumeric characters and ignoring spaces and symbols.

Note:

The string 'S' should be evaluated in a case-insensi...read more

Q11. Add K Nodes Problem Statement

You are given a singly linked list of integers and an integer 'K'. Your task is to modify the linked list by inserting a new node after every 'K' node in the linked list. The value...read more

Q12. Longest Common Prefix After Rotation

You are given two strings 'A' and 'B'. While string 'A' is constant, you may apply any number of left shift operations to string 'B'.

Explanation:

Your task is to calculate ...read more

Ans.

The question asks to find the minimum number of left shift operations required to obtain the longest common prefix of two given strings.

Perform left shift operations on string B to find the longest common prefix with string A
Count the number of left shift operations required to obtain the longest common prefix
Return the minimum number of left shift operations for each test case

Q13. Tiling Problem Statement

Given a board with 2 rows and N columns, and an infinite supply of 2x1 tiles, determine the number of distinct ways to completely cover the board using these tiles.

You can place each t...read more

Q14. Pair Sum Problem Statement

You are given an integer array 'ARR' of size 'N' and an integer 'S'. Your task is to find and return a list of all pairs of elements where each sum of a pair equals 'S'.

Note:

Each pa...read more

Q15. Combination Sum Problem Statement

Given three integers X, Y, and Z, calculate the sum of all numbers that can be formed using the digits 3, 4, and 5. Each digit can be used up to a maximum of X, Y, and Z times ...read more

Q16. Equilibrium Index Problem Statement

Given an array Arr consisting of N integers, your task is to find the equilibrium index of the array.

An index is considered as an equilibrium index if the sum of elements of...read more

Q17. Find First Repeated Character in a String

Given a string 'STR' composed of lowercase English letters, identify the character that repeats first in terms of its initial occurrence.

Example:

Input:

STR = "abccba"...read more

Q18. Balanced Parentheses Combinations

Given an integer N representing the number of pairs of parentheses, find all the possible combinations of balanced parentheses using the given number of pairs.

Explanation:

Con...read more

Q19. Chocolate Distribution Problem

You are given an array/list CHOCOLATES of size 'N', where each element represents the number of chocolates in a packet. Your task is to distribute these chocolates among 'M' stude...read more

Frequently asked in

DE Shaw

TCS

Q20. Find Middle of Linked List

Given the head node of a singly linked list, your task is to return a pointer pointing to the middle node of the linked list.

When the number of elements is odd, return the middle ele...read more

Q21. One of the questions for Critical Reasoning was:- Two cars A and B cross a flyover in 10 minutes and 30 minutes respectively. Find the speed of Car A. Statements: Car B travels at the 50kmph Train A and B are t...

Ans.

Car A's speed is 90kmph

Use the formula: Speed = Distance/Time
Assume the distance to be the same for both cars
Calculate Car A's time using the given information
Substitute the values in the formula to get Car A's speed

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Q22. Longest Path In Directed Graph Problem Statement

Given a Weighted Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) comprising 'N' nodes and 'E' directed edges, where nodes are numbered from 0 to N-1, and a source node 'Src'. Your ...read more

Q23. Sub Sort Problem Statement

You are given an integer array ARR. Determine the length of the shortest contiguous subarray which, when sorted in ascending order, results in the entire array being sorted in ascendi...read more

Ans.

The question asks to find the length of the shortest contiguous subarray that needs to be sorted in order to sort the whole array.

Iterate through the array and find the first element that is out of order from the left side.
Iterate through the array and find the first element that is out of order from the right side.
Find the minimum and maximum element within the subarray from the above steps.
Expand the subarray from both sides until all elements within the subarray are in the...read more

Q24. Largest BST Subtree Problem

Given a binary tree with 'N' nodes, determine the size of the largest subtree that is also a BST (Binary Search Tree).

Input:

The first line contains an integer 'T', representing the...read more

Q25. Prime Time Again Problem Statement

You are given two integers DAY_HOURS and PARTS. Consider a day with DAY_HOURS hours, which can be divided into PARTS equal parts. Your task is to determine the total instances...read more

Q26. Pythagorean Triplets Detection

Determine if an array contains a Pythagorean triplet by checking whether there are three integers x, y, and z such that x² + y² = z² within the array.

Input:

The first line contai...read more

Q27. Find the Longest Palindromic Substring

Given a string ‘S’ composed of lowercase English letters, your task is to identify the longest palindromic substring within ‘S’.

If there are multiple longest palindromic ...read more

Q28. N-th Term Of Geometric Progression

Find the N-th term of a Geometric Progression (GP) series given the first term A, the common ratio R, and the term position N.

Explanation:

The general form of a GP series is ...read more

Q29. Detect and Remove Loop in Linked List

For a given singly linked list, identify if a loop exists and remove it, adjusting the linked list in place. Return the modified linked list.

Expected Complexity:

Aim for a...read more

Q30. Infix to Postfix Conversion

You are provided with a string EXP which represents a valid infix expression. Your task is to convert this given infix expression into a postfix expression.

Explanation:

An infix exp...read more

Q31. Nth Fibonacci Number Problem Statement

Calculate the Nth term in the Fibonacci sequence, where the sequence is defined as follows: F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2), with initial conditions F(1) = F(2) = 1.

Input:

The inp...read more

Frequently asked in

Cognizant

Walmart

MAQ Software

Q32. Buy and Sell Stock Problem Statement

Imagine you are Harshad Mehta's friend, and you have been given the stock prices of a particular company for the next 'N' days. You can perform up to two buy-and-sell transa...read more

Frequently asked in

DE Shaw

Goldman Sachs

Q33. Decode String Problem Statement

Your task is to decode a given encoded string back to its original form.

Explanation:

An encoded string format is [encoded_string], where the 'encoded_string' inside the square b...read more

Q34. Minimum Number of Platforms Needed Problem Statement

You are given the arrival and departure times of N trains at a railway station for a particular day. Your task is to determine the minimum number of platform...read more

Q35. Longest Increasing Subsequence Problem Statement

Given an array of integers with 'N' elements, determine the length of the longest subsequence where each element is greater than the previous element. This subse...read more

Q36. Ninja and Substrings Problem Statement

Ninja has to determine all the distinct substrings of size two that can be formed from a given string 'STR' comprising only lowercase alphabetic characters. These substrin...read more

Ans.

The task is to find all the different possible substrings of size two that appear in a given string as contiguous substrings.

Iterate through the string and extract substrings of size two
Store the substrings in an array
Return the array of substrings

Q37. Question 2 was, Find the sum of all numbers in range from 1 to m(both inclusive) that are not divisible by n. Return difference between sum of integers not divisible by n with sum of numbers divisible by n.

Ans.

Find sum of numbers in range 1 to m (both inclusive) not divisible by n. Return difference between sum of non-divisible and divisible numbers.

Iterate through range 1 to m and check if number is divisible by n.
If not divisible, add to sum of non-divisible numbers.
If divisible, add to sum of divisible numbers.
Return difference between sum of non-divisible and divisible numbers.

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Q38. Implementing a Priority Queue Using Heap

Ninja has been tasked with implementing a priority queue using a heap data structure. However, he is currently busy preparing for a tournament and has requested your ass...read more

Q39. Bipartite Graph Problem Statement

Determine if a given graph is bipartite. A graph is bipartite if its vertices can be divided into two independent sets, 'U' and 'V', such that every edge ('u', 'v') connects a ...read more

Ans.

The function checks whether a given graph is bipartite or not.

A bipartite graph can be divided into two independent sets such that every edge connects a vertex from one set to the other.
We can use graph coloring algorithm to check if the graph is bipartite.
Start by coloring the first vertex with one color and all its neighbors with the other color.
Continue coloring the remaining vertices, making sure that no adjacent vertices have the same color.
If at any point, we find that ...read more

Q40. Constellation Identification Problem

Given a matrix named UNIVERSE with 3 rows and 'N' columns, filled with characters {#, *, .}, where:

'*' represents stars.
'.' represents empty space.
'#' represents a separ...read more

Q41. Find First Unique Character in a String

You are given a string S of length N. Your task is to find the index (considering 1-based indexing) of the first unique character in the string. If there are no unique ch...read more

Q42. Ways To Make Coin Change

Given an infinite supply of coins of varying denominations, determine the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using these coins. If it's not possible to make the c...read more

Frequently asked in

Standard Chartered

Goldman Sachs

Q43. Remove Vowels from a Given String

Given a string STR of length N, your task is to remove all the vowels present in that string and return the modified string.

Explanation:

English alphabets ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ...read more

Q44. Replace Spaces in a String

Given a string STR consisting of words separated by spaces, your task is to replace all spaces between words with the characters "@40".

Input:

The first line contains an integer ‘T’ d...read more

Q45. Swap Two Numbers Problem Statement

Given two integers a and b, your task is to swap these numbers and output the swapped values.

Input:

The first line contains a single integer 't', representing the number of t...read more

Q46. Stack using Two Queues Problem Statement

Develop a Stack Data Structure to store integer values using two Queues internally.

Your stack implementation should provide these public functions:

Explanation:

1. Cons...read more

Q47. Colorful Knapsack Problem

You are given a set of 'N' stones, each with a specific weight and color. The goal is to fill a knapsack with exactly 'M' stones, choosing one stone of each color, so that the total we...read more

Q48. DFS Traversal Problem Statement

Given an undirected and disconnected graph G(V, E), where V is the number of vertices and E is the number of edges, the connections between vertices are provided in the 'GRAPH' m...read more

Ans.

The question asks to print the DFS traversal of an undirected and disconnected graph.

Implement a Depth First Search (DFS) algorithm to traverse the graph.
Use a visited array to keep track of visited vertices.
For each unvisited vertex, start a DFS traversal and print the connected component.
Sort the vertices of each connected component in ascending order before printing.