80+ ZeMoSo Technologies Interview Questions and Answers

Find sum of maximum and minimum elements in an array with least number of comparisons.

• Iterate through the array and compare elements in pairs to find maximum and minimum simultaneously.

• Keep track of current maximum and minimum as you iterate through the array.

• After iterating through the array, sum up the maximum and minimum found.

• Example: For input [1, 3, 5, 7, 9], compare 1 with 3, 5 with 7, and 3 with 9 to find min and max.

• Example: For input [-10, 4, 7, 19], compare -10 wit...read more

The task is to rearrange the given array such that every second element is greater than its left and right element.

• Read the number of test cases

• For each test case, read the number of elements in the array and the array elements

• Iterate through the array and swap elements at odd indices with their adjacent elements if necessary

• Check if the rearranged array satisfies the conditions and print 1 if it does, else print 0

The question asks to find the minimum number of left shift operations required to obtain the longest common prefix of two given strings.

• Perform left shift operations on string B to find the longest common prefix with string A

• Count the number of left shift operations required to obtain the longest common prefix

• Return the minimum number of left shift operations for each test case

The question asks to find the length of the shortest contiguous subarray that needs to be sorted in order to sort the whole array.

• Iterate through the array and find the first element that is out of order from the left side.

• Iterate through the array and find the first element that is out of order from the right side.

• Find the minimum and maximum element within the subarray from the above steps.

• Expand the subarray from both sides until all elements within the subarray are in the...read more

Design a constant time data structure for key-value mappings with operations like INSERT, DELETE, SEARCH, GET, GET_SIZE, and IS_EMPTY.

• Use a hash table to store key-value pairs for constant time operations.

• Implement INSERT by hashing the key and storing the value at the corresponding index.

• For DELETE, simply remove the key-value pair from the hash table.

• SEARCH can be done by checking if the key exists in the hash table.

• GET retrieves the value associated with the key, returning...read more

React Native, GraphQL, Docker

• Learned React Native for cross-platform mobile app development

• Explored GraphQL for efficient data fetching and manipulation

• Gained knowledge in Docker for containerization and deployment

Implement a code scenario using design patterns

• Identify the problem statement and requirements

• Choose appropriate design patterns like Singleton, Factory, Observer, etc.

• Implement the code following the selected design patterns

• Test the code for functionality and efficiency

Default and static methods in interface allow for method implementation and utility methods in Java interfaces.

• Default methods provide a default implementation for a method in an interface.

• Static methods in interfaces can be called directly on the interface itself.

• Default and static methods were introduced in Java 8.

• Default methods can be overridden by implementing classes.

• Static methods cannot be overridden and are not inherited by implementing classes.

There are multiple types of authentication that can be implemented, including password-based, token-based, biometric, and multi-factor authentication.

• Password-based authentication: Users authenticate themselves using a password.

• Token-based authentication: Users authenticate themselves using a token, such as a one-time password or a security key.

• Biometric authentication: Users authenticate themselves using their unique biological characteristics, such as fingerprints or facial...read more

Design a database scheme for Amazon website

• Create tables for users, products, orders, reviews, and payments

• Use primary and foreign keys to establish relationships between tables

• Include attributes such as user_id, product_id, order_id, review_id, and payment_id

• Implement indexes for faster data retrieval

• Consider denormalization for performance optimization

Node.js is a runtime environment that executes JavaScript code outside of a web browser, using an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model.

• Node.js uses the V8 JavaScript engine to execute code.

• It uses an event-driven architecture to handle asynchronous operations.

• Node.js uses a single-threaded event loop to process multiple requests concurrently.

• Callbacks are used to handle asynchronous operations in Node.js.

• Node.js provides modules like 'fs' for file system operations and 'http'...read more

The question asks to find the number of consecutive alphabets in a string.

• Iterate through the string and check if each character is consecutive to the previous one.

• Keep track of the count of consecutive alphabets encountered.

• Return the count at the end.

Singleton pattern ensures only one instance of a class is created and provides a global point of access to it.

• Use lazy initialization to create the instance only when needed.

• Use synchronized keyword to make the getInstance() method thread-safe.

• Consider using double-checked locking for better performance.

• Use enum to implement singleton pattern as it is inherently thread-safe.

API endpoint to update employee salary

• Create a PUT request endpoint with employee ID and new salary as parameters

• Verify user authentication and authorization before updating the salary

• Update the salary in the database and return success message

Develop a Spring Boot API for a given table

• Create a Spring Boot project with necessary dependencies

• Define entity class representing the table

• Create a repository interface extending JpaRepository

• Implement service layer with business logic

• Create REST controller with CRUD operations

Linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the sequence.

• Nodes contain data and a reference to the next node

• Insertion and deletion can be done efficiently in a linked list

• Traversal starts from the head node and follows the next pointers

Find pair of elements in array whose sum is equal to target k.

• Use a hashmap to store the difference between target k and each element in the array.

• Iterate through the array and check if the current element's complement exists in the hashmap.

• Return the indices of the pair that sums up to target k.

Print unique numbers from given array of strings.

• Convert array of strings to array of integers.

• Use a set to store unique numbers.

• Iterate through array and add numbers to set if not already present.

• Print out the unique numbers from the set.

Convert a given string into sub-strings based on the number of rows in a zig-zag pattern and display as a single string.

• Create an array of strings with the number of rows specified

• Iterate through the input string and distribute characters in a zig-zag pattern

• Concatenate the sub-strings row by row to form the final output string

Designing a RESTful API for CRUD operations on a Product table

• Use HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE for CRUD operations

• Create endpoints like /products for listing all products, /products/{id} for specific product, etc.

• Use JSON format for request and response bodies

• Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms for secure access

Height of a binary tree is the maximum number of edges on the longest path from the root node to a leaf node.

• The height of an empty tree is -1.

• The height of a tree with only one node is 0.

• The height of a binary tree can be calculated recursively by finding the height of the left and right subtrees and adding 1 to the maximum of the two heights.

Using Java 8 Stream API to find the fruit with maximum price in a Map of fruits.

• Use entrySet() method to get a stream of key-value pairs from the Map.

• Use max() method with Comparator.comparing() to find the entry with maximum price.

• Extract the key (fruit) from the entry with maximum price.

The task is to find the frequency of subsequent characters in a given input string.

• Iterate through the input string while keeping track of the current character and its frequency.

• If the current character is the same as the previous character, increment the frequency count.

• If the current character is different, append the previous character and its frequency to the output string.

• Repeat until the end of the input string is reached.

Caching in Hibernate improves performance by storing frequently accessed data in memory.

• Hibernate supports first-level cache at session level

• Second-level cache can be configured at session factory level

• Caching strategies include read-only, read-write, and transactional

• Cache providers like Ehcache, Infinispan, and Hazelcast can be used

Actuator in Spring Boot provides production-ready features like monitoring and metrics.

• Actuator is a set of tools provided by Spring Boot to monitor and manage your application.

• Actuator endpoints are URLs that provide information about your application, such as health, metrics, info, etc.

• Examples of actuator endpoints include /actuator/health, /actuator/metrics, /actuator/info, etc.

Sort an array of 0s and 1s in linear time complexity.

• Use two pointers approach - one from the start and one from the end of the array.

• Swap 0s to the left side and 1s to the right side until the pointers meet.

• Time complexity: O(n), Space complexity: O(1)

LRU cache is a data structure that stores the most recently used items, discarding the least recently used items when full.

• Use a combination of a doubly linked list and a hashmap to efficiently implement LRU cache.

• Keep track of the most recently used item at the head of the linked list and the least recently used item at the tail.

• When a new item is accessed, move it to the head of the linked list and update the hashmap accordingly.

• If the cache is full, remove the item at the ...read more

Java 8 Date and Time API provides improved date and time handling capabilities.

• Introduction of new classes like LocalDate, LocalTime, LocalDateTime, ZonedDateTime, OffsetTime, OffsetDateTime, and Instant for better date and time manipulation

• Support for time zones and offsets

• Ability to perform date and time calculations easily

• Enhanced formatting and parsing capabilities

• Integration with existing date and time classes like java.util.Date and java.util.Calendar

Program to check if parenthesis are properly balanced

• Use a stack data structure to keep track of opening parenthesis

• Iterate through the input string and push opening parenthesis onto the stack

• When a closing parenthesis is encountered, pop from the stack and check if it matches the corresponding opening parenthesis

• If stack is empty at the end and all parenthesis are matched, then the input has properly balanced parenthesis

Middleware in Node.js is a function that has access to the request and response objects, and can modify or terminate the request-response cycle.

• Middleware functions are executed sequentially in the order they are defined.

• They can be used for tasks such as logging, authentication, error handling, etc.

• Example: Express.js uses middleware to handle requests before they reach the route handler.

Count the continuous unique characters in a given string.

• Iterate through the string and keep track of the current character and its count

• If the current character is different from the previous one, print the count and reset it

• Handle both uppercase and lowercase characters separately

Java memory management, string pool, Java 8 features, multi threading, design patterns

• Java memory management involves managing memory allocation for heap and stack. Heap is used for storing objects and is managed by garbage collector. Stack is used for method calls and local variables.

• String pool is a special area in heap memory where String literals are stored to optimize memory usage. Strings with same values are stored only once in the pool.

• Java 8 features include lambda e...read more

Smoke testing is a quick and shallow test to check basic functionality, while sanity testing is a more thorough test to ensure system stability.

• Smoke testing is done to check if the critical functionalities of the system are working or not.

• Sanity testing is done to check if the system is stable enough to proceed with further testing.

• Smoke testing is usually done after a build is deployed, while sanity testing is done after major changes are made to the system.

• Smoke testing is...read more

Paytm uses microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility in system design.

• Paytm's system design is based on microservices architecture to break down the application into smaller, independent services.

• Each service in Paytm's architecture handles a specific function, such as payments, wallet, or shopping.

• Microservices communicate with each other through APIs, allowing for easier scalability and maintenance.

• This architecture enables Paytm to quickly add new features...read more

A movie booking app system design involves user authentication, movie selection, seat reservation, payment processing, and booking confirmation.

• User authentication: Implement login/signup functionality for users.

• Movie selection: Display list of movies with details like showtimes, ratings, and genres.

• Seat reservation: Allow users to select seats for chosen movie showtime.

• Payment processing: Integrate payment gateway for secure transactions.

• Booking confirmation: Send confirmati...read more

Find the first non-repeating integer in a list using Java 8 stream API.

• Use Java 8 stream API to group integers by count

• Filter out integers with count greater than 1

• Return the first non-repeating integer

Use hash set to track unique elements while iterating through array and modify array in-place

• Iterate through array and add elements to hash set to track unique elements

• Modify array in-place by removing duplicates using hash set

• Return the size of the hash set as the number of unique elements

Database optimization techniques involve indexing, query optimization, normalization, and denormalization.

• Use indexing to improve query performance by creating indexes on frequently searched columns.

• Optimize queries by avoiding unnecessary joins, using proper WHERE clauses, and limiting the number of returned rows.

• Normalize database tables to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

• Consider denormalization for read-heavy applications to improve query performance at the c...read more

Communication between microservices is typically done through APIs, messaging queues, or service meshes.

• Microservices communicate with each other through APIs, which allow them to send and receive data over the network.

• Messaging queues like RabbitMQ or Kafka can be used for asynchronous communication between microservices.

• Service meshes like Istio or Linkerd can handle communication between microservices by managing traffic, security, and monitoring.

• RESTful APIs are commonly ...read more

Use SQL query with ORDER BY and LIMIT to find 2nd largest salary.

• Use ORDER BY clause to sort salaries in descending order

• Use LIMIT 1,1 to get the second row after skipping the first row

Explanation of sorting techniques and implementation of bubble sort

• Sorting techniques include bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, merge sort, quick sort, etc.

• Bubble sort compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order, repeating until the array is sorted.

• Example: [5, 3, 8, 2, 1] -> [3, 5, 8, 2, 1] -> [3, 5, 2, 8, 1] -> [3, 5, 2, 1, 8] -> [3, 2, 5, 1, 8] -> [3, 2, 1, 5, 8] -> [2, 3, 1, 5, 8] -> [2, 1, 3, 5, 8] -> [1, 2, 3, 5, 8]

SQL indexes are data structures that improve the speed of data retrieval operations by providing quick access to rows in a table.

• SQL indexes are created on columns in a table to speed up SELECT queries.

• When a query is executed, the SQL engine first checks if there is an index on the columns involved in the query.

• If an index is present, the SQL engine uses it to quickly locate the rows that satisfy the query conditions.

• The SQL execution order typically involves parsing, optimi...read more

Microservices architecture is a design pattern where an application is composed of small, independent services that communicate over well-defined APIs.

• Each microservice is responsible for a specific business function or capability

• Services are loosely coupled and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently

• Communication between services is typically done through lightweight protocols like HTTP or messaging queues

• Microservices architecture promotes flexibility, scalabil...read more

Branching strategies in Agile methodologies involve creating separate branches for different features or tasks to enable parallel development.

• Feature branching: Each feature or user story is developed in a separate branch, allowing for isolation and independent testing.

• Release branching: A branch is created for each release, enabling bug fixes and maintenance to be done separately from ongoing development.

• Task branching: Developers create branches for individual tasks or sub-...read more

The pretty function in JavaScript is used to format and display data in a more visually appealing way.

• Pretty function is used to format JSON data for better readability.

• It can be used to display data in a structured and organized manner.

• Pretty function is commonly used in debugging to make output easier to read.

I always cross-question my solutions and wireframes to ensure they meet the requirements and are user-friendly.

• I review the wireframes and solutions multiple times to ensure they align with the product goals and user needs.

• I seek feedback from stakeholders and users to identify any potential issues or areas for improvement.

• I make necessary adjustments to the wireframes and solutions based on the feedback received.

• I conduct usability testing to ensure the final product is intu...read more

Implement CRUD operations for user table in a Spring Boot project.

• Create a Spring Boot project using Spring Initializr

• Define a User entity with necessary fields and annotations

• Create a UserRepository interface extending JpaRepository

• Implement methods in a UserService class for CRUD operations

• Use RESTful endpoints to expose the CRUD operations

Collections in programming languages are data structures that store and organize multiple elements.

• Collections can be implemented using various data structures such as arrays, linked lists, hash tables, and trees.

• They provide methods for adding, removing, and accessing elements efficiently.

• Examples of collections in Java include ArrayList, LinkedList, HashMap, and TreeSet.

Sorting an array of strings using a sorting algorithm like quicksort or mergesort.

• Use a sorting algorithm like quicksort or mergesort to sort the array of strings.

• Ensure the sorting algorithm is efficient and has a time complexity of O(n log n).

• Consider the space complexity of the sorting algorithm as well.

Node.js event driven architecture is a non-blocking, asynchronous model where events trigger callbacks.

• Node.js uses an event loop to handle asynchronous operations.

• Callbacks are registered for specific events and executed when the event occurs.

• Event emitters in Node.js trigger events that are handled by listeners.

• Example: Reading a file asynchronously in Node.js using fs module.

OO stands for Object-Oriented. It is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions.

• OO is based on the concept of classes and objects.

• It emphasizes encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• OO languages include Java, C++, Python, and Ruby.

• OO design patterns are used to solve common problems in software development.

Implementing a game using ReactJS involves creating components for game elements, managing state, handling user interactions, and updating the UI.

• Create separate components for game elements such as game board, player pieces, and score display.

• Use React state to manage game state, such as player turns, scores, and game progress.

• Handle user interactions, such as clicking on game pieces or buttons, to update game state.

• Update the UI dynamically based on game state changes to pr...read more

Node.js is a popular runtime environment for executing JavaScript code outside of a browser.

• Node.js allows for asynchronous programming using callbacks, promises, and async/await.

• Node.js has a large ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, such as Express for building web applications.

• Node.js uses the CommonJS module system for organizing code into reusable modules.

Multiple choice questions on NodeJS internals

• Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that executes JavaScript code outside of a web browser.

• It uses the V8 JavaScript engine from Google, which compiles JavaScript directly into machine code.

• Node.js has a non-blocking, event-driven architecture that makes it lightweight and efficient for handling I/O operations.

• Common Node.js internals topics include event loop, modules, buffers, streams, and err...read more

SOLID principles are a set of five design principles that help make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the functionality.

• I - Interface ...read more

Multi threading is a programming concept where multiple threads within a process execute concurrently, allowing for better performance and responsiveness.

• Allows for parallel execution of tasks within a single process

• Improves performance by utilizing multiple CPU cores

• Can lead to synchronization issues if not handled properly

• Examples include web servers handling multiple client requests simultaneously

Java OOPs concepts can be implemented using classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

• Create classes with attributes and methods

• Instantiate objects from classes

• Use inheritance to create subclasses

• Implement polymorphism through method overriding

• Encapsulate data using access modifiers

Reviewing Java classes for code quality and best practices

• Check for proper naming conventions and readability of code

• Ensure that the code follows SOLID principles and design patterns

• Look for potential bugs, performance issues, and security vulnerabilities

• Verify that the code is well-documented and includes appropriate comments

• Evaluate the test coverage and quality of unit tests

Find the longest subsequence in an array of strings

• Iterate through the array of strings and compare each string with the next one to find the longest common subsequence

• Use dynamic programming to efficiently find the longest common subsequence

• Example: ['abc', 'abg', 'bdf', 'aeg', 'acefg'] - The longest subsequence is 'aeg'

Binary search is a divide and conquer algorithm that efficiently finds the target value within a sorted array.

• Divide the array in half and compare the target value with the middle element

• If the target value is smaller, search the left half. If larger, search the right half

• Repeat the process until the target value is found or the subarray is empty

Check if a string of parentheses is valid

• Use a stack to keep track of opening parentheses

• Iterate through the string and push opening parentheses onto the stack

• When encountering a closing parenthesis, pop from the stack and check if it matches the corresponding opening parenthesis

• If stack is empty at the end and all parentheses have been matched, the string is valid

Code for establishing a server connection in Node JS.

• Use the 'http' module to create a server

• Call the 'createServer' method with a callback function to handle requests

• Listen on a specific port for incoming connections

Detecting deadlock involves analyzing the resource allocation graph and identifying circular wait conditions.

• Check for circular wait conditions where processes are waiting for resources held by each other

• Use resource allocation graph to visualize resource allocation and identify potential deadlocks

• Implement deadlock detection algorithms like Banker's algorithm or wait-die algorithm

• Monitor resource allocation and request patterns to proactively identify potential deadlocks

Java 8 introduced new features like lambda expressions, streams, and functional interfaces.

• Lambda expressions allow concise syntax for defining anonymous functions.

• Streams provide a way to work with collections in a functional style.

• Functional interfaces have a single abstract method and can be used with lambda expressions.

• Example: Lambda expression - (a, b) -> a + b

• Example: Stream usage - List names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob"); names.stream().filter(name -> name.startsWi...read more

Spring components are reusable software building blocks managed by the Spring framework.

• Spring components are Java classes annotated with @Component or its specialized annotations like @Service, @Repository, @Controller.

• These components are managed by the Spring IoC container and can be injected into other components using @Autowired annotation.

• Spring components promote code reusability, modularity, and maintainability in Spring-based applications.

Software testing ensures quality and reliability of software products.

• Identifies defects and errors in software

• Ensures software meets requirements and specifications

• Improves user experience and satisfaction

• Saves time and money by catching issues early

• Increases confidence in software reliability

Bug/defect life cycle is a process of identifying, reporting, prioritizing, fixing, and verifying software defects.

• Defect identification

• Defect reporting

• Defect prioritization

• Defect fixing

• Defect verification

Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.

• Divide the array into two halves and compare the target value with the middle element.

• If the target value is less than the middle element, search the left half. If greater, search the right half.

• Repeat the process until the target value is found or the subarray is empty.

Cocktail sort is a variant of bubble sort that sorts in both directions.

• Also known as bidirectional bubble sort or shaker sort.

• It starts with the first element and compares it with the next one, swapping if necessary.

• Then it moves to the last element and compares it with the previous one, swapping if necessary.

• It continues until no more swaps are needed.

• It is more efficient than bubble sort for large lists with many out-of-order elements.

Code working and its functionalities

• Code working refers to the process of writing, compiling, and executing code to achieve a desired outcome

• Functionalities of code include data manipulation, logic implementation, and interaction with external systems

• Examples of code working functionalities include sorting algorithms, database queries, and user interface design

Java 8 introduced lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow you to pass functionality as an argument to a method.

• Functional interfaces have a single abstract method and can be used with lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements efficiently.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have methods with implementation.

• Example: List names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"); names.forEach(name...read more

throw is used to explicitly throw an exception in a method, while throws is used in method signature to declare the exceptions that can be thrown by the method.

• throw keyword is used to throw an exception within a method.

• throws keyword is used in method signature to declare the exceptions that can be thrown by the method.

• Example: throw new Exception("Error message");

• Example: public void method() throws IOException, SQLException {}

SOLD stands for Software Object Linking and Embedding. It is a technology that allows objects to be linked or embedded in documents.

• SOLD is a technology used in software development to link or embed objects in documents.

• It allows for dynamic updating of linked objects in documents.

• SOLD is commonly used in applications like Microsoft Office for embedding charts or tables in documents.

A module in Node.js is a reusable block of code that encapsulates related functionality.

• Modules help in organizing code into separate files for better maintainability.

• Modules can be imported and used in other files using the 'require' function.

• Node.js has a built-in module system that allows developers to create and use modules.

• Examples of modules in Node.js include 'fs' for file system operations and 'http' for creating web servers.

SAGA design pattern is used to manage distributed transactions in microservices architecture.

• SAGA breaks down a transaction into a series of smaller, independent transactions.

• Each step in the SAGA pattern is a separate transaction that can be rolled back if needed.

• SAGA ensures eventual consistency by coordinating the transactions across multiple services.

• Example: In an e-commerce application, SAGA can be used to handle the process of placing an order, processing payment, and ...read more

Finding the least common ancestor of two nodes in a tree

• Use a method like Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) to find the least common ancestor of two nodes in a tree

• Traverse the tree to find the paths from the root to each node, then compare the paths to find the LCA

• Consider edge cases like when one node is the ancestor of the other or when one of the nodes is not in the tree

Oops concepts are fundamental principles of object-oriented programming like inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multiple forms based on the context.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features to ...read more

Use the 'csv-parser' package in Node.js to easily parse CSV files.

• Install the 'csv-parser' package using npm: npm install csv-parser

• Require the 'csv-parser' module in your Node.js script: const csv = require('csv-parser')

• Use the 'fs' module to read the CSV file and pipe it to the csv-parser module for parsing

• Example: fs.createReadStream('data.csv').pipe(csv()).on('data', (row) => { console.log(row) })

System design for hotel management including booking, check-in/out, room allocation, and payment processing.

• Use a database to store information about rooms, bookings, guests, and payments.

• Implement a booking system that allows guests to search for available rooms based on dates and preferences.

• Include a check-in/out process that updates room availability and guest information.

• Design a room allocation algorithm to optimize room usage and guest satisfaction.

• Integrate a payment ...read more

Structure in C++ is a user-defined data type that allows grouping of variables of different data types under a single name.

• Structures are used to create complex data types by grouping variables together.

• They can contain variables of different data types.

• Structures are defined using the 'struct' keyword.

• Example: struct Person { string name; int age; };

• Example: Person p1;

Callable and Runnable are both interfaces in Java used for executing tasks, but Callable can return a result and throw checked exceptions.

• Callable interface in Java can return a result and throw checked exceptions, while Runnable cannot.

• Callable interface is a part of java.util.concurrent package, while Runnable is a part of java.lang package.

• Callable interface is used with ExecutorService to submit tasks for execution and retrieve the result, while Runnable is used with Thre...read more